Du kommer att förstå dem som människor nog att veta att de inte har någon anledning att ljuga för dig om ämnet eller att övertyga dig om att använda ett företag över en annan. Att ha kunder som pratar med varandra kommer att innebära att en hushållsrengörare med större sannolikhet kommer att ge ett bra jobb varje gång också, eftersom de vet att en dålig renhet för en klient kan få återverkningar med den andra! Även om du inte hittar någon som skulle vara bra för dig genom att fråga om dina vänner, kan du hitta ett par företag som du vet att du behöver undvika!
www.städfirmanigöteborg.se
Du kommer att förstå dem som människor nog att veta att de inte har någon anledning att ljuga för dig om ämnet eller att övertyga dig om att använda ett företag över en annan. Att ha kunder som pratar med varandra kommer att innebära att en hushållsrengörare med större sannolikhet kommer att ge ett bra jobb varje gång också, eftersom de vet att en dålig renhet för en klient kan få återverkningar med den andra! Även om du inte hittar någon som skulle vara bra för dig genom att fråga om dina vänner, kan du hitta ett par företag som du vet att du behöver undvika!
www.städfirmanigöteborg.se
6 what can you do in your clinic to prevent contamination and cross infectionaakaricls
WHY YOU NEED TO DO THIS COURSE?
You are doctors and are well aware about current scenario. You are even taking adequate care. Then why you should do this course?
1. Friends this course aims to provide general guidance and information on how to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the workplace, to enable staff to return to work safely while keeping the risk of contamination as low as possible.
2. It also provides ideas on how to protect mental well-being during the pandemic.
3. All General Practitioners, Consultants owning their own workplace and Freelancing Consultants can get information on how to take care while restarting medical practice,
4. Happy Doctor Foundation always helps doctors. And you will agree with us that a doctor is at MORE RISK AND IS MORE VULNERABLE TO GET INFECTION! So the more you learn, more you become wise. Isn’t it?
5. Do you know that your family’s health depends on HOW WELL YOU PROTECT YOURSELF?
6. You have nothing to lose by undergoing these course modules, so why not give it a try?
o Describe why policies and procedures are required for an
effective decontamination unit.
Describe international standards available for decontamination units.
6 what can you do in your clinic to prevent contamination and cross infectionaakaricls
WHY YOU NEED TO DO THIS COURSE?
You are doctors and are well aware about current scenario. You are even taking adequate care. Then why you should do this course?
1. Friends this course aims to provide general guidance and information on how to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the workplace, to enable staff to return to work safely while keeping the risk of contamination as low as possible.
2. It also provides ideas on how to protect mental well-being during the pandemic.
3. All General Practitioners, Consultants owning their own workplace and Freelancing Consultants can get information on how to take care while restarting medical practice,
4. Happy Doctor Foundation always helps doctors. And you will agree with us that a doctor is at MORE RISK AND IS MORE VULNERABLE TO GET INFECTION! So the more you learn, more you become wise. Isn’t it?
5. Do you know that your family’s health depends on HOW WELL YOU PROTECT YOURSELF?
6. You have nothing to lose by undergoing these course modules, so why not give it a try?
o Describe why policies and procedures are required for an
effective decontamination unit.
Describe international standards available for decontamination units.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
2. • The purpose of cleaning
is to remove unwanted
contaminants from
surfaces.
• The methods of
cleaning and the
chemical products
used are more critical
because they often
have a dual function of
removing soil and
killing harmful
pathogens
CLEANING IS CRITICAL FOR SAFETY OF
THE HOSPITAL
DR.T.V.RAO MD 2
3. • In hospitals, the purpose
of cleaning is to protect
patients health and
prevent the spread of
disease by removing
contaminants from
surfaces.
• In hospitals, some
contaminants are
disease causing micro-
organisms invisible to
the naked eye.
PURPOSE OF CLEANING THE ENVIRONMENT
DR.T.V.RAO MD 3
4. • This term designates the
surfaces that you will be
cleaning in a hospital. This
is a classification system
for surfaces that carry a
lower risk for disease
transmission.
• There are 2 types of
Environmental Surfaces:
• Housekeeping Surfaces
• Equipment*
ENVIRONMENTAL SURFACES
DR.T.V.RAO MD 4
5. HOUSEKEEPING OF SURFACES
• These are environmental surfaces that
require regular cleaning including floors,
walls, tabletops, fixtures, bedrails, etc.
• There are two types of housekeeping
surfaces you will be charged with cleaning.
Each will have different methods and
frequency of cleaning.
1.HIGH TOUCH Housekeeping Surfaces
2.MINIMAL HAND CONTACT Surfaces
DR.T.V.RAO MD 5
6. • Surfaces that are
frequently touched
by patients and staff
that require more
frequent cleaning.
• Examples:
• Doorknobs, bedrails,
light switches, wall
areas around toilets in
patient rooms, edges
of privacy curtains, etc
HIGH TOUCH SURFACES
DR.T.V.RAO MD 6
7. • These surfaces
must also be
cleaned but not
as frequently.
• Examples:
• Floors, Walls,
ceilings
MINIMAL TOUCH SURFACES
DR.T.V.RAO MD 7
8. HOW YOU PROTECT WHEN YOU ARE
DEALING WITH BIOHAZARD MATERIALS
• Special precautions have to be followed when
dealing with materials contaminated with
blood or other bodily fluids.
• Blood or other bodily fluids may contain disease
causing micro-organisms (pathogens) that can
be transmitted to others that come in direct
contact.
• The Blood borne pathogens act was implemented to
protect workers from potentially infectious diseases
contracted from contaminated blood or other bodily
fluids.
• Examples of Bloodborne pathogens:
• Hepatitis B Virus
• HIV-1 Virus (AIDS Virus)
DR.T.V.RAO MD 8
9. BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS
• Blood borne Pathogen Safety Precautions
• Always assume blood or bodily fluid spills are
contaminated.
• To clean, first obtain proper personal
• protective equipment. Disposal of cleaning
materials such as rags, sponges, paper
toweling, absorbents, should be placed into a
red Bio-hazard bag.
DR.T.V.RAO MD 9
10. Cleaning Up Bodily Fluid Spills
Contaminated work surfaces and/or spills shall be
decontaminated with an appropriate disinfectant.
1. Clean up gross filth by collecting with an absorbent material.
2. Spray surfaces with recommended agent of your Hospital
3. Clean surface.
4. Re-apply recommended chemicals, allow surface to remain
wet for 10 minutes.
Remember:
Always wear personal protective gear
and dispose of cleaning materials properly.
Your supervisor will instruct you on specific
procedures.
DR.T.V.RAO MD 10
11. OUR GOAL TO ACHIEVE THE SAFETY
• Working safely is
important for
your own
protection as well
as the protection
of fellow
employees,
hospital staff,
patients, and
visitors.
DR.T.V.RAO MD 11
12. WHY WE NEED CLEANLINESS AND HYGIENE
AT OUR HOSPITALS
• Patients can spread infectious viral and bacterial
agents to others, they are also often more prone to
contracting illnesses
• The spread of infections within a hospital is usually
spread by person to person contact. Regular hand
washing is essential to help prevent the spread of
infection
• Infections can also be contracted by objects that are
frequently touched by individuals. For the purposes
of cleaning, these surfaces are referred to as “HIGH
TOUCH’ surfaces and special emphasis is given to
routine cleaning of these surfaces.
DR.T.V.RAO MD 12
13. DEFINING HYGIENE
• Hand hygiene
• Performing hand washing, antiseptic hand wash,
alcohol-based handrub, surgical hand
hygiene/antisepsis
• Hand washing
• Washing hands with plain soap and water
• Antiseptic hand wash
• Washing hands with water and soap or other
detergents containing an antiseptic agent
DR.T.V.RAO MD 13
14. SITUATIONS MAY WARRANT DEDICATED
WASHING
• Alcohol-based hand rub
• Rubbing hands with an alcohol-containing
preparation
• Surgical hand hygiene/antisepsis
• Hand washing or using an alcohol-based
hand rub before operations by surgical
personnel
• Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-care
Settings. MMWR 2002; vol. 51, no. RR-16.
DR.T.V.RAO MD 14
15. • ALWAYS wash hands
before entering a
patient room. Not only
does this protect the
patients, it also
protects YOU!
• Wear the appropriate
safety equipment that
irecommended for use
with each chemical
product you may be
using.
ALWAYS WASH YOUR HANDS
DR.T.V.RAO MD 15
16. INDICATIONS FOR HAND
HYGIENE
When hands are visibly dirty,
contaminated, or soiled, wash with
non-antimicrobial or antimicrobial
soap and water.
If hands are not visibly soiled, use an
alcohol-based hand rub for routinely
decontaminating hands.
Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-care Settings. MMWR 2002;
vol. 51, no. RR-16.
DR.T.V.RAO MD 16
17. SPECIFIC INDICATIONS FOR
HAND HYGIENE
• Before:
• Patient contact
• Donning gloves when inserting a CVC
• Inserting urinary catheters, peripheral vascular catheters, or other
invasive devices that don’t require surgery
• After:
• Contact with a patient’s skin
• Contact with body fluids or excretions, non-intact skin, wound dressings
• Removing gloves
Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-care Settings. MMWR 2002;
vol. 51, no. RR-16.
DR.T.V.RAO MD 17
18. ADMINISTRATIVE MEASURES TO
IMPROVE HAND HYGIENE
• Make improved hand hygiene an
institutional priority
• Place alcohol-based hand rubs at
entrance to patient room, or at
bedside
Provide HCWs with pocket-sized
containers
Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-care Settings. MMWR 2002;
vol. 51, no. RR-16.
DR.T.V.RAO MD 18
20. FOLLOW ME FOR MORE ARTICLES OF INTEREST ON
ISSUES ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
20
21. DR.T.V.RAO MD 21
• Programme Created by Dr.T.V.Rao MD
on Basic Principles of Hygiene and
Cleanliness in our Hospital
Environment
• Email
• doctortvrao@gmail.com