The very first requirement in a hospital that it should do the sick no harm" - Florence Nightingale
Health care associated infections economic loss, prolonged hospital stay & adverse patient outcomes.
7.Heena D Dixit et al. Waste Disposal Management and Intensive Care Unit- A Review. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention. Volume 6 Issue 3. March. 2017. PP.44-48
Waste Disposal Management and Intensive Care Unit- A Review.inventionjournals
Biomedical waste is any waste generate during the diagnosis, testing, treatment, research or production of biological products for humans or animal.According to who estimates 85% of hospital waste is non hazardous10% is infectious, 5% is non infectious. Bmw generated from a number units, is imparted necessary treatment to reduce adverse effect that this waste may pose. Installation of individual treatment facilities by small healthcare units requieres comparatively high capital investment. In addition, it requires seperate manpower and infrastructure development for proper operation and maintenance of treatment systems. A common biomedical waste treatment facility (cbwtf) is used for treatment and disposal of bmw. Due to increase in the population the amount of biomedical waste genenration also increased it requires attention. Within the domain of municipal solid waste, biomedical waste acquires aspecial dimensions, since it is infectious and hazardous.The amount of infectious waste is around 25% and non–infectious wastes constitutes nearly 75%. In the abscence of proper segregation, the non-infectious waste becomes infectious and poses environmental threat to the society. An inappropriate treatment and disposal can spread infectious disease like tuberculosis, hepatitis, enteric fever, hiv infection etc. This review is helpful in understanding the proper way to perform the disposal of waste and it also recommends the ways for waste disposal management.
6th publication - International Journal of Humanities and social science Service. Waste Disposal management and Intensive Care Unit.Dr Rahul VC Tiwari Sibar institute of dental sciences Guntur, Andhra Pradesh
Spauldings classification ppt by Dr C P PRINCEDR.PRINCE C P
Disinfection of medical instruments is important for preventing the spread of disease. Cleaning and disinfecting reusable equipment after it comes into contact with patients can be expensive, both in the cost of the disinfection procedure, but also in terms of time away from the patients themselves.
Not all medical instruments can be fully sterilized after each use. Thankfully, not all reusable instruments need the highest level of disinfection. But how to determine the minimum level of disinfection in a given situation?
Earle H. Spaulding devised a rational approach to disinfection and sterilization of patient-care items and equipment
Spaulding believed the nature of disinfection could be understood readily if instruments and items for patient care were categorized as critical, semi-critical, and non-critical according to the degree of risk for infection involved in use of the items.
Spaulding recognized that the need for disinfection of equipment in medical settings ranged from non-critical to semi-critical to critical, depending on the likelihood of spreading disease.
For example, sterilization is necessary for equipment that comes into contact with a patient’s bloodstream or sterile tissue. This category of equipment, such as surgical knives, is designated “critical” because it presents a high risk of disease transmission from patient to patient.
Equipment that only touches healthy, unbroken skin presents a low risk of contamination because intact skin acts as an effective barrier to most microorganisms. Examples in this “non-critical” category include bedpans, blood-pressure cuffs, and bedrails.
In between those two scenarios, a “semi-critical” level of disinfection presents a medium risk of contamination. This would include equipment such as endoscopes used on mucous membranes or areas of broken skin.
The very first requirement in a hospital that it should do the sick no harm" - Florence Nightingale
Health care associated infections economic loss, prolonged hospital stay & adverse patient outcomes.
7.Heena D Dixit et al. Waste Disposal Management and Intensive Care Unit- A Review. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention. Volume 6 Issue 3. March. 2017. PP.44-48
Waste Disposal Management and Intensive Care Unit- A Review.inventionjournals
Biomedical waste is any waste generate during the diagnosis, testing, treatment, research or production of biological products for humans or animal.According to who estimates 85% of hospital waste is non hazardous10% is infectious, 5% is non infectious. Bmw generated from a number units, is imparted necessary treatment to reduce adverse effect that this waste may pose. Installation of individual treatment facilities by small healthcare units requieres comparatively high capital investment. In addition, it requires seperate manpower and infrastructure development for proper operation and maintenance of treatment systems. A common biomedical waste treatment facility (cbwtf) is used for treatment and disposal of bmw. Due to increase in the population the amount of biomedical waste genenration also increased it requires attention. Within the domain of municipal solid waste, biomedical waste acquires aspecial dimensions, since it is infectious and hazardous.The amount of infectious waste is around 25% and non–infectious wastes constitutes nearly 75%. In the abscence of proper segregation, the non-infectious waste becomes infectious and poses environmental threat to the society. An inappropriate treatment and disposal can spread infectious disease like tuberculosis, hepatitis, enteric fever, hiv infection etc. This review is helpful in understanding the proper way to perform the disposal of waste and it also recommends the ways for waste disposal management.
6th publication - International Journal of Humanities and social science Service. Waste Disposal management and Intensive Care Unit.Dr Rahul VC Tiwari Sibar institute of dental sciences Guntur, Andhra Pradesh
Spauldings classification ppt by Dr C P PRINCEDR.PRINCE C P
Disinfection of medical instruments is important for preventing the spread of disease. Cleaning and disinfecting reusable equipment after it comes into contact with patients can be expensive, both in the cost of the disinfection procedure, but also in terms of time away from the patients themselves.
Not all medical instruments can be fully sterilized after each use. Thankfully, not all reusable instruments need the highest level of disinfection. But how to determine the minimum level of disinfection in a given situation?
Earle H. Spaulding devised a rational approach to disinfection and sterilization of patient-care items and equipment
Spaulding believed the nature of disinfection could be understood readily if instruments and items for patient care were categorized as critical, semi-critical, and non-critical according to the degree of risk for infection involved in use of the items.
Spaulding recognized that the need for disinfection of equipment in medical settings ranged from non-critical to semi-critical to critical, depending on the likelihood of spreading disease.
For example, sterilization is necessary for equipment that comes into contact with a patient’s bloodstream or sterile tissue. This category of equipment, such as surgical knives, is designated “critical” because it presents a high risk of disease transmission from patient to patient.
Equipment that only touches healthy, unbroken skin presents a low risk of contamination because intact skin acts as an effective barrier to most microorganisms. Examples in this “non-critical” category include bedpans, blood-pressure cuffs, and bedrails.
In between those two scenarios, a “semi-critical” level of disinfection presents a medium risk of contamination. This would include equipment such as endoscopes used on mucous membranes or areas of broken skin.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Pharynx and Clinical Correlations BY Dr.Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Biosafety in causality Department.pptx
1. Dr.T.V.Rao. Dr Lipin Prasad
BIOSAFETY IN
CAUSALITY
DEPARTMENT
OUR VISION TO SAFETY
DR.T.V.RAO MD 1
2. LIFE AT RISK - KEEP THE CASUALTY
UPDATE AND SAFE
DR.T.V.RAO MD 2
3. CAUSALITY IS THE FACE OF ANY
HOSPITAL
• A causality is the index of the Hospital emergency
services provided to the Society and Public at Large.
All groups are receive round the clock .
• Causality services if well established will bring in
confidence in the patients and by standards.
• A causality is the index of services of any other area in
the Hospital in human safety,
However a good organizational practices will bring in
creditability for all our efforts.
DR.T.V.RAO MD 3
4. ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES
• Cleaning and disinfecting non-critical surfaces in
patient-care areas are part of Standard Precautions. In
general, these procedures do not need to be changed
for patients on Transmission-Based Precautions. The
cleaning and disinfection of all patient-care areas is
important for frequently touched surfaces, especially
those closest to the patient, that are most likely to be
contaminated (e.g., bedrails, bedside tables,
commodes, doorknobs, sinks, surfaces and equipment
in close proximity to the patient)
DR.T.V.RAO MD 4
5. • The frequency or
intensity of cleaning
may need to change
based on the patient’s
level of hygiene and the
degree of
environmental
contamination and for
certain for infectious
agents whose reservoir
is the intestinal tract
OUR CAUSALITY PRACTICES DIFFER ON THE
NATURE OF PATIENTS WE RECEIVE…
DR.T.V.RAO MD 5
6. • We have to practice more
dedicated hygienic practice
in paediatrics facilities
where patients with stool
and urine incontinence are
encountered more
frequently. Also increased
frequency of cleaning may
be needed in a Protective
Environment to minimize
dust accumulation
BETTER CLEANING IN DEALING WITH PATIENTS
ADMITTED WITH DIARRHEAL DISEASES
DR.T.V.RAO MD 6
7. PROPER CLEANING AND DISINFECTION ARE
A TOP PRIORITY
• In all healthcare settings, administrative, staffing
and scheduling activities should prioritize the
proper cleaning and disinfection of surfaces that
could be implicated in transmission. During a
suspected or proven outbreak where an
environmental reservoir is suspected, routine
cleaning procedures should be reviewed, and
the need for additional trained cleaning staff
should be assessed.
DR.T.V.RAO MD 7
8. • Adherence should
be monitored and
reinforced to
promote
consistent and
correct cleaning is
performed.
DEDICATED CLEANING PRACTICES REDUCES
INFECTIONS AND INCREASE HUMAN SAFETY
DR.T.V.RAO MD 8
9. WHAT DISINFECTS USED FOR CLEANING
• The disinfectants or detergents/disinfectants that best
meet the overall needs of the healthcare facility for
routine cleaning and disinfection should be selected . In
general, use of the existing facility
detergent/disinfectant according to the manufacturer’s
recommendations for amount, dilution, and contact
time is sufficient to remove pathogens from surfaces of
rooms where colonized or infected individuals were
housed.
DR.T.V.RAO MD 9
10. • Includes those
pathogens that are
resistant to multiple
classes of
antimicrobial agents
(e.g., C. difficle,
VRE, MRSA, MDR-
GNB
WHAT ARE INFECTIOUS AGENTS AT OUR
CASUALTY
DR.T.V.RAO MD 10
11. • Most often,
environmental
reservoirs of pathogens
can infect our staff, due
to a failure to follow
recommended
procedures for cleaning
and disinfection rather
than the specific
cleaning and
disinfectant agents
used
HOW WE CAN PREVENT THESE INFECTIONS
DR.T.V.RAO MD 11
12. • Certain pathogens
(e.g., rotavirus,
noroviruses, C. difficle)
may be resistant to
some routinely used
hospital disinfectants
.The role of specific
disinfectants in limiting
transmission of
rotavirus has been
demonstrated
BE CAUTIOUS WHEN DEALING WITH ..
DR.T.V.RAO MD 12
13. CHORINE BASED DISINFECTANTS ARE IDEAL WHEN
DEALING WITH C.DIFFICLE RELATED INFECTIONS
• C. difficle may display increased levels of spore
production when exposed to non-chlorine-based
cleaning agents, and the spores are more resistant
than vegetative cells to commonly used surface
disinfectants, some investigators have recommended
the use of a 1:10 dilution of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite
(household bleach) and water for routine environmental
disinfection of rooms of patients with C. difficile when
there is continued transmission
DR.T.V.RAO MD 13
14. • Medical equipment and
instruments/devices
must be cleaned and
maintained according to
the manufacturers’
instructions to prevent
patient-to-patient
transmission of
infectious agents
PATIENT CARE EQUIPMENT AND
INSTRUMENTS/DEVICES
DR.T.V.RAO MD 14
15. • Patients in casualty bring in
several community associated
infections Cleaning to remove
organic material must always
precede high level disinfection
and sterilization of critical and
semi-critical instruments and
devices after use because
residual proteinases material
reduces the effectiveness of
the disinfection and
sterilization processes
PATIENTS IN CASUALTY BRING IN SEVERAL
COMMUNITY ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS.
DR.T.V.RAO MD 15
16. • Noncritical equipment, such
as commodes, intravenous
pumps, and ventilators,
must be thoroughly cleaned
and disinfected before use
on another patient. All such
equipment and devices
should be handled in a
manner that will prevent
HCW and environmental
contact with potentially
infectious material.
CARING NON CRITICAL EQUIPMENT IN
CAUSALITY
DR.T.V.RAO MD 16
17. • It is important to include
computers and
personal digital
assistants (PDAs)
mobile phones, ipad's
and tablet digital
devices used in patient
care in policies for
cleaning and
disinfection of non-
critical items.
CARE FOR YOUR COMMUNICATING DEVICES
WITH SIMPLE MEASURES
DR.T.V.RAO MD 17
18. • In all healthcare settings,
providing patients who are
on Transmission-Based
Precautions with dedicated
noncritical medical
equipment (e.g.,
stethoscope, blood
pressure cuff, electronic
thermometer) has been
beneficial for preventing
transmission
CARING YOUR NON CRITICAL
EQUIPMENT'S
DR.T.V.RAO MD 18
19. • Equipment can be
cleaned on-site using a
detergent/disinfectant
and, when possible,
should be placed in a
single plastic bag for
transport to the
reprocessing location.
IF THE PATIENT DEVICES OR EQUIPMENT'S
ARE CONTAMINATED START A EARLY ACTION
DR.T.V.RAO MD 19
20. • Soiled textiles, including
bedding, towels, and
patient or resident clothing
may be contaminated with
pathogenic
microorganisms. However,
the risk of disease
• Transmission is negligible if
they are handled,
transported, and laundered
in a safe manner
CARING THE LINEN SAFETY
DR.T.V.RAO MD 20
21. • 1) not shaking the items or
handling them in any way
that may aerosolize
infectious agents; 2)
avoiding contact of one’s
body and personal clothing
with the soiled items being
handled; and 3) containing
soiled items in a laundry
bag or designated bin.
When laundry chutes are
used, they must be
maintained to minimize
dispersion of aerosols from
contaminated items
PRINCIPLES FOR HANDLING SOILED LAUNDRY ARE
DR.T.V.RAO MD 21
22. • No additional precautions
are needed for non-medical
solid waste that is being
removed from rooms of
patients on Transmission-
Based Precautions. Solid
waste may be contained in
a single bag (as compared
to using two bags) of
sufficient strength
SOLID WASTE
DR.T.V.RAO MD 22
23. • Prevention of needle sticks
and other sharps-related
injuries
• Injuries due to needles and
other sharps have been
associated with transmission
of HBV, HCV and HIV to
healthcare personnel. The
prevention of sharps injuries
has always been an essential
element of Universal and now
Standard Precautions
OUR LIFE IS PRECIOUS
FOLLOW THE UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
DR.T.V.RAO MD 23
24. OUR CLEAN HANDS SAVE MANY PATIENTS
DO NOT FORGET TO WASH HANDS
DR.T.V.RAO MD 24
25. A MUST IN CAUSALITY
DEPARTMENT
DR.T.V.RAO MD 25
26. • Programme Created by Dr.T.V.Rao MD for
Health Care Professionals
• Email
• doctortvrao@gmail.com
DR.T.V.RAO MD 26