This document discusses environmental considerations for urban road safety programs in Indonesia. It covers sustainability, defining sustainable urban environments, site-specific environmental issues like water, vegetation and air quality, and broader planning issues. Next steps proposed include establishing baseline environmental data, surveying users, and ongoing monitoring to improve sustainability over time through strategies addressing issues like stormwater management, urban forestry, and increasing non-motorized transportation. The goal is to improve both the urban environment and road safety through long-term planning that engages communities and decision-makers.

1. INDONESIA
INFRASTRUCTURE
INITIATIVE
IndII T281.02
Integrated Urban Road Safety Program (IURSP)
Workshop 2 – Denpasar, Bali. 22-23 January, 2015
Urban Environmental & Planning Considerations
Dr. A.G. Tony McDonald
VicRoads International Projects
IndII Activity T250.05
Denpasar
22 January, 2014

2. 2
This Presentation
1. Environmental Perspective & Sustainability.
2. Site Specific Issues.
3. Broader Planning Issues
4. Next steps from the Environmental Perspective

3. 3
Environmental Perspective?
What is it & how to establish?/maintain it.
• Dynamic – Constant Physical changes.
• Quality of the elements.
• Human in Scale.
• Access for people
• Safety
• Amenity.

4. 4
Environmental Perspective?
What is it – how to establish / maintain it

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Environmental Perspective: Sustainability
Simple principle: Everything needed for survival and well-being
depends directly or indirectly on our natural environment.
Sustainability creates and maintains the conditions under which
humans and nature can exist in productive harmony.
Facilitates social, economic and other requirements/needs of
present and future generations.
Sustainability is important to making sure that we have and will
continue to have the water, materials and resources to protect
human health and the environment.

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Define - “Sustainable Urban Environment”

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Define - “Three Spheres of Sustainability”

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4. Sustainability; what is it – how to
establish / maintain it.
What’s Needed Time Line Who EG - Examples
Social Ethics & Principles
On-going Local
Champions
Community
leaders
Appreciation
Recognition
Rewards
Cultural Demand
Engagement
Ownership
Debate
Commitment
Passion
Environment Base-line data
On-going
Schools /
Universities
NGO’s
Community
Groups
Scientists
Gvt Departments
Water Watch
Salt Watch
Jakarta 1.0m
Holes
monitoring
Sanctions
Enforcement
Economic Ethics & Principles
On-going
Public & Private
Sectors
Combined
Incentives
Resources for R&D
Cost Saving
Taxes
Transparency

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2. Site Specific Issues
• Water; surface, storm, groundwater; hygiene / ecology.
• Vegetation; trees, biodiversity; habitat,
• Amenity; hardworks & softworks to achieve quality
human-scale places” (Recreational public open space,
Shade, lighting, safety, fencing, seating, shelter, quality
sidewalks).
Bandung, Denpasar, Medan, Pekanbaru
• Air; Air quality – so people can breathe!

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Kota Visits - What did we see?
• The situations we have seen are typical of cities which
have had rapid population growth, rapid adoption of
motorised vehicles, and limited resources to address
many issues.
Planning – Policy – Resources – Skills – Supply Driven
Issue Observations
Water drains / Rivers Not well planned nor maintained, unhygienic, polluted
Vegetation – Urban
trees
Requires ongoing skilled planning, maintenance &
management
Air Numbers of Vehicles – How many will can be managed?
Amenity Inadequate planning, maintenance & management.

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2. Site Specific Issues; Denpasar
Over Time establish what is negotiable – what is not!
Pedestrian
Sidewalks
Shade
Amenity
Water
quality?
Transport
Commerce
Economic
Pedestrian
Safety
Solid Waste
Management
Zoss
Demand driven rather than supply driven elements.

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Rivers & Water / Stormwater & Flooding
• Civilization’s greatest cities born around rivers – Rivers & water
critical urban landscape elements.
• Storm Water: Build-up of sealed surfaces in cities accelerates
incidence & size of urban storm water drainage.

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Rivers & Water
• This represents a shift in human awareness – one critical for creating
vibrant urban waterways.
• Global water theme in smart cities = no such thing as wastewater.
• Water can be harvested for reuse (using hi-tech or low-tech systems),
retained, filtered & recycled through reed beds to percolate back into
groundwater systems.
Minimise pollution & maximise recycling

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Best Regional Practice – Singapore
• Singapore (2006) initiated program to transform Singapore’s network
of drains, canals and reservoirs beyond traditional functions of
drainage, flood control and water storage into clean streams, rivers
and lakes.
• Well-integrated blue-green network with adjacent land
developments, creating new community spaces and encouraging
lifestyle activities.
Alexander Canal Linear Park, Singapore

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Storm water
Goals of urban
planning should
include
increasing water
cleanliness &
sub-surface
percolation
rates.
Storm water management is supported by increasing vegetation.
Tree canopy also generates comfortable & accessible space and
greater opportunity for percolation into sub-surface.

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Urban Vegetation / Trees
• Trees provide critical biophysical functions (photosynthesis)
as well as amenity (the pleasantness of a place), mitigating
urban heat sink and managing surface water flows.
• Trees which can establish quickly to provide shade,
amenity, elegance and unique qualities to the streetscape
has a high value in the urban tropics, particularly where
they are planned and maintained well.
Trees:
Mitigating the
heat sink; Urban
areas without
trees can become
heat islands.

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Urban Trees
• Trees soften city’s hard edges
and surfaces, shade homes
and streets, enhance
neighbourhood beauty, filter
the air, mitigate storm runoff,
and absorb carbon dioxide.
• Position, height &
maintenance of all urban
vegetation requires careful
consideration, conformity
with guidelines on sight lines
so as to not be traffic or safety
risk problem.
• Dedicated resources required
for on-going systematic
maintenance programs.

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Amenity:
Quality Sidewalks = safer for people
• High value placed upon continuous,
well planned & safe sidewalks with
no obstructions incorporating good
construction & long lasting materials.
• Communities become safer as more
people walk, bike and use public
space.
• People attract people: Generating
space for people to meet, trade,
recreate & exercise stimulates the
vibrant and essential qualities of
urban space. For example - street
Hawkers area an integral part of
night-time markets in this region. In
the wrong locations they can cause
safety problems.

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3. Broader Planning Issues
Bus? Bicycle? Car?

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3 Broader Planning Issues
• International Decade of Road Safety - much can be achieved.
• All global cities have faced ‘environmental’ difficulties.
• All cities are learning how to improve the statistics, and
• Improving the environment is but one element.
• Road Safety an excellent starting point to mobilize all.
• Indonesians rank among those with the greatest desire to own an
automobile — a perceived success symbol (Jakarta Post 19/04/2014). 91 percent of non-
car owners in Indonesia believe it’s embarrassing not to own a car. This figure is far higher than that in other
Southeast Asian economies, such as Malaysia (33 percent), Thailand (21 percent) and the Philippines (21 percent).
• Environment a cross-cutting ongoing issue which requires appropriate
planning, implementation and maintenance.

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Space required to transport
same number of passengers by car, bus
or bicycle.
Bus? Bicycle? Car?

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Planning so environment fits?
• Vision: Ultimately, the term urban environment concerns the people
in your community engaged in stewardship and an agreed vision!
Statements regarding appearance, cleanliness and amenity for people
are included in at least three of the four proposals we received for the
IURSP.
The Vision of what you as decision makers want at Kota / Street level is
important;
Summarized as an environmentally healthy urban area where road
safety is improved! To achieve the vision requires strategic steps over
time, and to be a success, the vision will need ‘ownership’ across all the
community.
IURSP is not involved with environmental work but you will, I expect,
see the link between the environmental vision, and the urban planning
that is needed to achieve sustainable goals.

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Summary:
• Improved urban environmental amenity & road safety are not
impossible goals.
• Experience from developed countries is that ways of improving both are
known but are not simple nor straightforward to implement, require
time (generations), resources, change in culture and commitment to
implement.
• Decision-making with community is important - pedestrians, traders,
local Kota groups, etc - often for differing reasons; start local and build.
• Addressing multiple aspects of urban mobility, improving amenity
and quality of life issues requires long term strategies.
• Imagining the city in 10 to 20 years is an exciting prospect. Smaller
cities like Pekanbaru, Medan, Denpasar and Bandung have great
opportunities.

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Environmental perspectives - Next steps
In preparation for Workshop 2 in January, it was suggested
that each Kota could being to consider the following.
• Analysis & simple documentation of water/drainage
issues - Storm water improvement strategy.
• Tree Survey & urban tree planting strategy.
• A reference file on significant Urban trees.
• Develop a draft environmental strategy, planning,
design, implementation, assessment, repeat….
• Survey those who use the road safety area?

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Summary
1. Next steps from the Environmental Perspective.
Forum – Environmental NGO Community
contributions to a RS Forum.
Survey of users from various environmental
perspectives
Base line data and establish key indicators; surface
water, trees (Quality and Quantity), amenity.
Ongoing site monitoring to improve.