Application of ict benefits for building project management using ism modeleSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Construction Cost Prediction by Using Building Information ModelingIJERA Editor
The increased interest in using Building Information Modeling (BIM) in detailed construction cost estimates calls for methodologies to evaluate the effectiveness of BIM-Assisted Detailed Estimating (BADE) tools in generating detailed construction cost estimates. The focus of this research is on developing a quantified evaluation method to measure the impact of these BADE tools. Further, in order to understand the cognitive details of the estimator, this research also tested and evaluated the impact of the visualization factor and the compound impact of the visualization factor and aggregated calculation factor on the construction cost estimating process.Two cases study were tested, building and bridge. Three methods were applied on each case study,method 1the manual estimating method, method 2 used a BADE tool without a calculation function (i.e., the quantities of the individual building components can be read as properties of the component), method 3 used a BADE tool with calculation functions that allowed the user to directly calculate/aggregate the query results of the BIM database in the MS Excel spreadsheet.Results obtained from the test cases helped to reinforce the reliability of the observations and the evaluation. Four parameters were used to evaluate the performance results individually in the first step: generality, flexibility, efficiency, and accuracy. Then a multiattribute utility model, which took into account the four individual parameters, was developed and used to evaluate the overall performance of BIM assisted estimating versus the performance of the traditional estimating method on quantity takeoffs. The research concluded that the BIM-assisted estimate demonstrated better performance over traditional estimating methods. Both the visualization and aggregation functions of the BADE tool had significant impact on the performance of the detailed estimate.
Application of ict benefits for building project management using ism modeleSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Construction Cost Prediction by Using Building Information ModelingIJERA Editor
The increased interest in using Building Information Modeling (BIM) in detailed construction cost estimates calls for methodologies to evaluate the effectiveness of BIM-Assisted Detailed Estimating (BADE) tools in generating detailed construction cost estimates. The focus of this research is on developing a quantified evaluation method to measure the impact of these BADE tools. Further, in order to understand the cognitive details of the estimator, this research also tested and evaluated the impact of the visualization factor and the compound impact of the visualization factor and aggregated calculation factor on the construction cost estimating process.Two cases study were tested, building and bridge. Three methods were applied on each case study,method 1the manual estimating method, method 2 used a BADE tool without a calculation function (i.e., the quantities of the individual building components can be read as properties of the component), method 3 used a BADE tool with calculation functions that allowed the user to directly calculate/aggregate the query results of the BIM database in the MS Excel spreadsheet.Results obtained from the test cases helped to reinforce the reliability of the observations and the evaluation. Four parameters were used to evaluate the performance results individually in the first step: generality, flexibility, efficiency, and accuracy. Then a multiattribute utility model, which took into account the four individual parameters, was developed and used to evaluate the overall performance of BIM assisted estimating versus the performance of the traditional estimating method on quantity takeoffs. The research concluded that the BIM-assisted estimate demonstrated better performance over traditional estimating methods. Both the visualization and aggregation functions of the BADE tool had significant impact on the performance of the detailed estimate.
Technical Drawing with Engineering Graphics and Design in Practice_Definition...terihagh
technical drawing with engineering graphics, definition of engineering graphics, definition of graphical engineering, what engineering graphics and design is all about, what is engineering design, basic components of engineering graphics, code of practice in engineering graphics, the importance of engineering graphics and design, uses and application of engineering graphics and design
Project management tools and techniques- tutorsindia.comTutors India
In this topic, we have discussed the project management tools and techniques. The present article helps the USA, the UK, Europe and the Australian students pursuing their master’s degree to identify the best project management tools and techniques, which are usually considered to be challenging. Tutors India offers UK dissertation in various Domains.
When you Order any reflective report at Tutors India, we promise you the following
Plagiarism free
Always on Time
Outstanding customer support
Written to Standard
Unlimited Revisions support
High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Contact:
Website: www.tutorsindia.com
Email: info@tutorsindia.com
United Kingdom: +44-1143520021
India: +91-4448137070
Whatsapp Number: +91-8754446690
Reference: http://bit.ly/2v6tBB6
The Automation of Critical Path Method using Machine Learning: A Conceptual S...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This research aims to shed light on the use of machine learning in improving, developing and automating the critical path method, solving its problems, studying this effect and its dimensions, and discussing that from many aspects.
The research is divided into two theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part is concerned with studying the critical path method and its advantages, problems and challenges, as well as studying machine learning and artificial intelligence and its dimensions, reviewing materials and sources related to this, and then presenting suggestions and future solutions based on this study. As for the practical section, it is a questionnaire that targeted a segment of engineers, in particular, and others who have sufficient experience in both the critical path method and machine learning, and seeking their opinions on both topics.
The result of the theoretical research was 14 theories or proposals that were presented based on the foregoing study. As for the practical questionnaire, a sample of 127 was taken. Through statistical analysis, the results were analyzed and discussed separately, and then a conclusion was drawn regarding them.
A Study on Project Planning Using the Deterministic and Probabilistic Models ...IJERA Editor
Project planning is the important task in many areas like construction, resource allocation and many. A sequence of activities has to be performed to complete one task. Each activity has its unique processing time and all together to identify the critical activities which affect the completion of the project. In this paper the probabilistic and deterministic models to determine the project completion time and also the critical activities are considered. A case study on building construction project has been performed to demonstrate the application of the above said models. The two project scheduling namely PERT and CPM are used to determine numerically the different types of floating times of each activity and hence determined the critical path which plays an important role in the project completion time. Also a linear programing model has been developed to reduce the project completion time which optimize the resource allocation. To apply these techniques numerically the primary data from a housing project company in a metropolitan city has been taken, the network diagram of the activities involved in the building construction project has been drawn and the results are tabulated
This is my first article for ECAADE conference in the year 2000, it was about my research work and my doctoral thesis.
Years ago, ideas such as cloud computing and other integration technologies were science fiction, now they are a reality disrupting our thinking and way of doing buisness.
Reducing i.t. project management failures adib chehadeAdib Chehade
This is an empirical research that aims at determining the role of project management leaders in reducing failure rates. Studies have revealed that I.T. projects have higher failure rates because either project manager or leaders lack the necessary experience required to handle such projects. The question of what constitutes project success or failure has been an issue of debate among I.T. project managers. In addition, the high rate of globalization and technological changes has played part in most failures because leaders do not manage to cope with changing situations. Traditional methods of project management have been passed by time and project leaders should focus on implementing the current technologies (Project Management Institute
Planning is a guideline in implementing the project so that development can be
implemented in accordance with the time and cost planned. Control discrepancy
between initial plan and realization that exists in implementation project required a
project management, therefore required optimization analysis of project duration, so
it can be known how long a project is completed and look for the possibility of project
acceleration implementation by Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
and Critical Path Method (CPM) or critical path method. This research aims to apply
Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and Critical Project Management
(CPM) methods to find optimize solutions and control the performance of time and
cost in project scheduling. The research method used case study method at hospital
project in Bogor District, Indonesia, by collecting data direct observation and
interview results at contractor. Based on these data, create a schedule by using PERT
and CPM methods, which will be measured performance of time performance and
project cost which is expected to overcome the problem of controlling and completion
of project. The results of this study, using PERT and CPM methods proved to optimize
the project. Based on calculation by PERT method reduce duration of work: 12 days
(13, 18%). Based on calculation by CPM method reduce duration of work: 31 days
(34, 06%) but direct cost increase 112.208,300, - rupiahs (0, 25%).
Collaborative 3D Modelling and Printing: What you See is not Directly What Yo...Farid Mokhtar Noriega
The aim of this collaborative 3D printing workshop is to define the production specifications, the teaching-learning pedagogical strategy aspects to help architecture students acquire: the basic competences of building representation, the pre and post processing of printing procedures (printing materials, paint, epoxy, accessories, etc...), defining the missing functions in BIM and Architectural Modelling software and determining the benefits of enhancing them for better 3D prototyping productivity. Two teams (A and B) adopted
specific working scenarios based on real world printing jobs. Team A worked on an in-house scenario and Team B on an outsourcing scenario. Tasks successfully completed showed: the wide range of prototypes that could be produced in an architectural studio and the need for a collaborative network to organize the knowledge and good practices developed by research teams (professional or academic) involved in developing rapid prototyping for architecture. This knowledge network could be a discussion forum and a development partnership of 3D printing manufacturers and CAD/BIM software developers.
ArchiInspection Project: Integrated Non Destructive Testing, A Building Infor...Farid Mokhtar Noriega
A non destructive testing process is becoming a technical need, thousands of buildings and huge urban areas will have to be adapted to restrictive energy-saving standards and sustainability criteria. Analysis and diagnostics are required on a massive scale. Building Information Modeling seems to be the adequate environment to assemble huge amounts of data. At this moment both hardware and software technologies are performing moderately well separately. The challenge is to connect them and in the long run automate data collection and conversion to a unified model that could be maintained during the programmed building life cycle. The aim of this research is to discuss the challenge of NDT hardware and BIM software systems integration and define the basic steps for the best practices to undertake it in a fast and accurate manner as well as to define the present and future connections to be developed. A 3 phase joint research project is proposed here and basic needs are analysed. Many lessons have been learned from field work, data translation and data incompatibilities with many shortcomings being detected.
Implementation of a Simulation Model Using the Systems Dynamics: Case Study f...IJERA Editor
With computer technology reaching the construction industry, much has changed in the way that these are
idealized and designed. Currently, with the increasing availability of tools for the development of the models and
parametric models intended for digital manufacturing, the insertion of these characteristics as design tool allows
the designer to test solutions on various factors that permeate the design process, especially as regards the
constructive points. The experience of the parameterisation dynamics and the dynamics of digital manufacturing
from the design of the project allows the development of complex geometries, since the control their properties
the analyses of structural variables of environmental comfort and aesthetics. The growth of the complexity of the
projects and the capacity of computing resources, has arisen the need to use a more systemic approach, as well as
have emerged the simulation programs based on dynamic systems, a digital simulation methodology in order to
understand complex forms, which is part of the concept of systemic thought for the resolution of problems. The
objective is in this Article is to identify and analyse the aspects of potential simulation based on dynamic
systems and demonstrate a practical case drawn up in Dynamo software.
Technical Drawing with Engineering Graphics and Design in Practice_Definition...terihagh
technical drawing with engineering graphics, definition of engineering graphics, definition of graphical engineering, what engineering graphics and design is all about, what is engineering design, basic components of engineering graphics, code of practice in engineering graphics, the importance of engineering graphics and design, uses and application of engineering graphics and design
Project management tools and techniques- tutorsindia.comTutors India
In this topic, we have discussed the project management tools and techniques. The present article helps the USA, the UK, Europe and the Australian students pursuing their master’s degree to identify the best project management tools and techniques, which are usually considered to be challenging. Tutors India offers UK dissertation in various Domains.
When you Order any reflective report at Tutors India, we promise you the following
Plagiarism free
Always on Time
Outstanding customer support
Written to Standard
Unlimited Revisions support
High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Contact:
Website: www.tutorsindia.com
Email: info@tutorsindia.com
United Kingdom: +44-1143520021
India: +91-4448137070
Whatsapp Number: +91-8754446690
Reference: http://bit.ly/2v6tBB6
The Automation of Critical Path Method using Machine Learning: A Conceptual S...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This research aims to shed light on the use of machine learning in improving, developing and automating the critical path method, solving its problems, studying this effect and its dimensions, and discussing that from many aspects.
The research is divided into two theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part is concerned with studying the critical path method and its advantages, problems and challenges, as well as studying machine learning and artificial intelligence and its dimensions, reviewing materials and sources related to this, and then presenting suggestions and future solutions based on this study. As for the practical section, it is a questionnaire that targeted a segment of engineers, in particular, and others who have sufficient experience in both the critical path method and machine learning, and seeking their opinions on both topics.
The result of the theoretical research was 14 theories or proposals that were presented based on the foregoing study. As for the practical questionnaire, a sample of 127 was taken. Through statistical analysis, the results were analyzed and discussed separately, and then a conclusion was drawn regarding them.
A Study on Project Planning Using the Deterministic and Probabilistic Models ...IJERA Editor
Project planning is the important task in many areas like construction, resource allocation and many. A sequence of activities has to be performed to complete one task. Each activity has its unique processing time and all together to identify the critical activities which affect the completion of the project. In this paper the probabilistic and deterministic models to determine the project completion time and also the critical activities are considered. A case study on building construction project has been performed to demonstrate the application of the above said models. The two project scheduling namely PERT and CPM are used to determine numerically the different types of floating times of each activity and hence determined the critical path which plays an important role in the project completion time. Also a linear programing model has been developed to reduce the project completion time which optimize the resource allocation. To apply these techniques numerically the primary data from a housing project company in a metropolitan city has been taken, the network diagram of the activities involved in the building construction project has been drawn and the results are tabulated
This is my first article for ECAADE conference in the year 2000, it was about my research work and my doctoral thesis.
Years ago, ideas such as cloud computing and other integration technologies were science fiction, now they are a reality disrupting our thinking and way of doing buisness.
Reducing i.t. project management failures adib chehadeAdib Chehade
This is an empirical research that aims at determining the role of project management leaders in reducing failure rates. Studies have revealed that I.T. projects have higher failure rates because either project manager or leaders lack the necessary experience required to handle such projects. The question of what constitutes project success or failure has been an issue of debate among I.T. project managers. In addition, the high rate of globalization and technological changes has played part in most failures because leaders do not manage to cope with changing situations. Traditional methods of project management have been passed by time and project leaders should focus on implementing the current technologies (Project Management Institute
Planning is a guideline in implementing the project so that development can be
implemented in accordance with the time and cost planned. Control discrepancy
between initial plan and realization that exists in implementation project required a
project management, therefore required optimization analysis of project duration, so
it can be known how long a project is completed and look for the possibility of project
acceleration implementation by Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
and Critical Path Method (CPM) or critical path method. This research aims to apply
Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and Critical Project Management
(CPM) methods to find optimize solutions and control the performance of time and
cost in project scheduling. The research method used case study method at hospital
project in Bogor District, Indonesia, by collecting data direct observation and
interview results at contractor. Based on these data, create a schedule by using PERT
and CPM methods, which will be measured performance of time performance and
project cost which is expected to overcome the problem of controlling and completion
of project. The results of this study, using PERT and CPM methods proved to optimize
the project. Based on calculation by PERT method reduce duration of work: 12 days
(13, 18%). Based on calculation by CPM method reduce duration of work: 31 days
(34, 06%) but direct cost increase 112.208,300, - rupiahs (0, 25%).
Collaborative 3D Modelling and Printing: What you See is not Directly What Yo...Farid Mokhtar Noriega
The aim of this collaborative 3D printing workshop is to define the production specifications, the teaching-learning pedagogical strategy aspects to help architecture students acquire: the basic competences of building representation, the pre and post processing of printing procedures (printing materials, paint, epoxy, accessories, etc...), defining the missing functions in BIM and Architectural Modelling software and determining the benefits of enhancing them for better 3D prototyping productivity. Two teams (A and B) adopted
specific working scenarios based on real world printing jobs. Team A worked on an in-house scenario and Team B on an outsourcing scenario. Tasks successfully completed showed: the wide range of prototypes that could be produced in an architectural studio and the need for a collaborative network to organize the knowledge and good practices developed by research teams (professional or academic) involved in developing rapid prototyping for architecture. This knowledge network could be a discussion forum and a development partnership of 3D printing manufacturers and CAD/BIM software developers.
ArchiInspection Project: Integrated Non Destructive Testing, A Building Infor...Farid Mokhtar Noriega
A non destructive testing process is becoming a technical need, thousands of buildings and huge urban areas will have to be adapted to restrictive energy-saving standards and sustainability criteria. Analysis and diagnostics are required on a massive scale. Building Information Modeling seems to be the adequate environment to assemble huge amounts of data. At this moment both hardware and software technologies are performing moderately well separately. The challenge is to connect them and in the long run automate data collection and conversion to a unified model that could be maintained during the programmed building life cycle. The aim of this research is to discuss the challenge of NDT hardware and BIM software systems integration and define the basic steps for the best practices to undertake it in a fast and accurate manner as well as to define the present and future connections to be developed. A 3 phase joint research project is proposed here and basic needs are analysed. Many lessons have been learned from field work, data translation and data incompatibilities with many shortcomings being detected.
Implementation of a Simulation Model Using the Systems Dynamics: Case Study f...IJERA Editor
With computer technology reaching the construction industry, much has changed in the way that these are
idealized and designed. Currently, with the increasing availability of tools for the development of the models and
parametric models intended for digital manufacturing, the insertion of these characteristics as design tool allows
the designer to test solutions on various factors that permeate the design process, especially as regards the
constructive points. The experience of the parameterisation dynamics and the dynamics of digital manufacturing
from the design of the project allows the development of complex geometries, since the control their properties
the analyses of structural variables of environmental comfort and aesthetics. The growth of the complexity of the
projects and the capacity of computing resources, has arisen the need to use a more systemic approach, as well as
have emerged the simulation programs based on dynamic systems, a digital simulation methodology in order to
understand complex forms, which is part of the concept of systemic thought for the resolution of problems. The
objective is in this Article is to identify and analyse the aspects of potential simulation based on dynamic
systems and demonstrate a practical case drawn up in Dynamo software.
BIM Show Live 2015: The challenges and the wins of Information Management on...BuiltEnvironmentUBM
BIM Show Live 2015 presentation by Antonio Torres, Robin Gomez, James Martin, Andrew Bell
Register for the next BIM Show Live http://www.bimshowlive.co.uk/
The Building Information Model track is planned for EVM World this spring. In the last edition of The Measureable News we had a bibliography of BIM papers. Here are some more.
Executive SummaryBuilding Information Modelling (BIM) is a modelli.docxelbanglis
Executive Summary
Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a modelling software defined by its unique approach towards building and construction. It is designed to operate through modelling technology which is comprised of multiple processes for production, communication, and analysis of building information and data models. The use of BIM is aimed at improving the efficiency of designing, construction and operation of buildings and other structures through information retrieval, 3D visualization, and integrated automated drawing production. BIM also helps in automatic detection of conflicts in data and information continuity, intelligent documentation, and the automation of material take. Despite the fact that there are several benefits associated with the use and application of BIM in the construction industry, there is a wide perception among stakeholders that it is not fully implemented as it should be due to factors such as the initial cost of implementation which is quite high and lack of client demand in the design and construction of buildings. These barriers act as a major hindrance towards the implementation of BIM on a wider scale. For the process to be more effective, clients need to have adequate knowledge and understanding on the application and benefits of BIM and the processes involved in the implementation. This research includes a detailed literature review on building designs and various application models including 2D models which have been used in the construction industry. A detailed analysis of the limitations of visualization, cost estimation, as well as consistency in information and data retrieval is also outlined in the paper. In addition, the challenges faced in building design and have been addressed using 3D models have also been addressed.
Table of Contents
Executive Summary 1
Introduction 4
Literature Review 6
The Original Design Model 6
Initial 2D CAD Method 6
Current Design Tools 7
Building Information Modelling (BIM) 7
The Concept used in BIM 8
The Maturity and Capability BIM Models 9
Aim(s) and Scope of the Project 9
Significance of the Project 10
Methodology 10
Research Gaps 11
Resources Requirements for BIM 11
Application of Building Information Modelling In the Construction Industry 11
Structural Information 13
Structural Design Process 13
Structural Workflows 13
Construction Analysis 14
Benefits of Building Information Modelling 14
a. Proper Coordination 15
Collaboration 16
Visualisation 17
Cost Estimation 18
Conclusion 19
Reference 22
Introduction
BIM modelling is a digital representation of both the physical and functional features of a building structure. With the increasing adoption of Information Technology (IT) within the construction industry, BIM is slowly become a very popular concept. It is capable of sharing data and information on particular facilities thus providing a reliable platform for informed decision making (Ibrahim, & Komali, 2018, p. 13). These details are critic ...
Executive SummaryBuilding Information Modelling (BIM) is a modelli.docxrhetttrevannion
Executive Summary
Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a modelling software defined by its unique approach towards building and construction. It is designed to operate through modelling technology which is comprised of multiple processes for production, communication, and analysis of building information and data models. The use of BIM is aimed at improving the efficiency of designing, construction and operation of buildings and other structures through information retrieval, 3D visualization, and integrated automated drawing production. BIM also helps in automatic detection of conflicts in data and information continuity, intelligent documentation, and the automation of material take. Despite the fact that there are several benefits associated with the use and application of BIM in the construction industry, there is a wide perception among stakeholders that it is not fully implemented as it should be due to factors such as the initial cost of implementation which is quite high and lack of client demand in the design and construction of buildings. These barriers act as a major hindrance towards the implementation of BIM on a wider scale. For the process to be more effective, clients need to have adequate knowledge and understanding on the application and benefits of BIM and the processes involved in the implementation. This research includes a detailed literature review on building designs and various application models including 2D models which have been used in the construction industry. A detailed analysis of the limitations of visualization, cost estimation, as well as consistency in information and data retrieval is also outlined in the paper. In addition, the challenges faced in building design and have been addressed using 3D models have also been addressed.
Table of Contents
Executive Summary 1
Introduction 4
Literature Review 6
The Original Design Model 6
Initial 2D CAD Method 6
Current Design Tools 7
Building Information Modelling (BIM) 7
The Concept used in BIM 8
The Maturity and Capability BIM Models 9
Aim(s) and Scope of the Project 9
Significance of the Project 10
Methodology 10
Research Gaps 11
Resources Requirements for BIM 11
Application of Building Information Modelling In the Construction Industry 11
Structural Information 13
Structural Design Process 13
Structural Workflows 13
Construction Analysis 14
Benefits of Building Information Modelling 14
a. Proper Coordination 15
Collaboration 16
Visualisation 17
Cost Estimation 18
Conclusion 19
Reference 22
Introduction
BIM modelling is a digital representation of both the physical and functional features of a building structure. With the increasing adoption of Information Technology (IT) within the construction industry, BIM is slowly become a very popular concept. It is capable of sharing data and information on particular facilities thus providing a reliable platform for informed decision making (Ibrahim, & Komali, 2018, p. 13). These details are critic.
Towards Innovate Methods of Construction Cost Management and Controlcivejjour
Project cost is one of the three main challenges for the construction manager, where the success of a
project is judged by meeting the criteria of cost with budget, schedule on time, and quality as specified by
the owner. Many projects experience extensive delays and thereby exceed initial time and cost estimate.
Available information, good estimating practice and experienced personnel are some of the factors found
to have considerable impact on estimation accuracy. The successful execution of construction projects and
keeping them within estimated cost and prescribed schedules depend on a methodology that requires sound
engineering judgment. So the research aim is to conduct research study and process of exploring the
existing model related to above three types of estimate and their contribution to civil engineering cost
management and control especially getting motivated with the verification and validation component of
CRASP methodology. The objective of this paper or scope of this research in this paper is to conduct
literature study and review towards exploring innovative techniques such as Artificial Intelligence
Techniques or Expert System Techniques available and applicable to make decision making or decision
support regarding construction cost management and control at three levels: (i) before the actual civil
engineering project design begins (ii) after detailed design but before execution and (iii) during project
execution
Towards Innovate Methods of Construction Cost Management and Controlcivej
Project cost is one of the three main challenges for the construction manager, where the success of a
project is judged by meeting the criteria of cost with budget, schedule on time, and quality as specified by
the owner. Many projects experience extensive delays and thereby exceed initial time and cost estimate.
Available information, good estimating practice and experienced personnel are some of the factors found
to have considerable impact on estimation accuracy. The successful execution of construction projects and
keeping them within estimated cost and prescribed schedules depend on a methodology that requires sound
engineering judgment. So the research aim is to conduct research study and process of exploring the
existing model related to above three types of estimate and their contribution to civil engineering cost
management and control especially getting motivated with the verification and validation component of
CRASP methodology. The objective of this paper or scope of this research in this paper is to conduct
literature study and review towards exploring innovative techniques such as Artificial Intelligence
Techniques or Expert System Techniques available and applicable to make decision making or decision
support regarding construction cost management and control at three levels: (i) before the actual civil
engineering project design begins (ii) after detailed design but before execution and (iii) during project
execution
Efficient Planning Scheduling and Delay Analysis of Residential ProjectIJERA Editor
Planning and scheduling have become an essential part of any project for the timely and economical completion of the project. A proper construction schedule can be used for different purposes. By using construction schedule to predict project completion, contractors can adjust crew size, shifts or equipment to speed or slow the progress. All the construction projects will vary from each other in size. All the projects have time constraint. Delay in completion of project will increase the overall cost of the project. Small projects can be managed efficiently manually; whereas large projects are not so large projects can be better handled by the use of computers. Many types of software are available with the help of which project management can be done easily. Large quantities of different kinds of resources are also required for execution and the risk is more in the case of projects. So planning and scheduling of activities for construction of big projects is essential. In this study, an effort is made in planning, scheduling and delay analysis updating of various activities, which is done by using MS Project and MS Excel software, manpower of each activity is determined and allocation is done using the software. Labor requirement for each activity is calculated from standards obtained from site. An updated schedule, which helps to finish the project well in time with optimum resources and update helps in delay analysis, is under the scope of this study.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
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Enhancing planning and scheduling program by using benefits of bim based applications
1. Civil and Environmental Research www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-5790 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0514 (Online)
Vol.3, No.5, 2013
41
Enhancing Planning and Scheduling Program by Using Benefits
of BIM-Based Applications
Reza Barati1
*, Aref Charehzehi1,
Christopher Nigel Preece3
1. Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Iman Skudai, 81300 Johor Bahru,
Johor, Malaysia
2. Professor of International Construction Business at Razak School of Engineering and Advanced
Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
* E-mail of the corresponding author: rasam1376@gmail.com
Abstract
2D drawings are commonly being used to present the work process of 3D objects in the construction industry.
The engineers require having sufficient knowledge to interpret these drawings for use in various areas of the
work especially for providing planning and scheduling programs. In the construction projects, construction
managers face many problems such as over budget projects, schedule errors, omission of some activities like
safety tasks that originate from poor planning methods. Therefore, the study is going to examine alternative tools
for better understanding of real project tasks sequences and procedures. One of the most reliable applications is
introduced by the Building Information Modeling approach (BIM) that develops four-dimension model based on
a combination of three dimension models with time. The benefits of BIM-based on 4D modeling not only
improving the perception of planners and construction teams but also facilitate the procedure of planning and
scheduling like automatically clash detection, introduce parallel activity and etc. .This study discusses the
development and implementation of this innovative approach in construction planning. The research was carried
out based on questionnaire survey within construction companies in Singapore. The data was analyzed using
descriptive statistical analysis and been ranked with Average Index method.
Keywords: Planning, scheduling, BIM-Based Application
1. Introduction
Allen, J. and Koomen, J. (1983) mentioned that the sequence of activities must be identified to demonstrate the
process of the work from the first that the particular of the project purpose will be attained. Sequence of tasks in
construction involves with space, resources, time, procurement, dimension constraints, and other issues in the
project process. In conventional planning and scheduling methods, Gantt chart was not able to portray the links
of relationships between the sequential activities. In recent, planner and project engineers use Critical Path
Method (CPM) scheduling applications, e.g. Primavera or Microsoft Project Software for monitoring, tracking
and controlling the project time and resources (Charles Eastman, 1999). All the above conventional methods
were based on 2D information and all data extract from two-dimensional (2D) drawings in the construction
industry. 2D drawings are commonly used for training of fresh graduate engineers and planners. Interpretation of
2D drawings by planners and schedulers are difficult to understand due to lack of Supplementary data, and
visualization capabilities. More challenges face in the way forward for planners and schedulers with little or no
practical experience to illustrate the complex construction projects (Junshan L. and Roger K. 2012).
Furthermore, some general problems such as fragmented nature, lack of collaboration and integration between
involved parties, the considerable amount of missing data and the lack of capability of applicable visualization
are among of major issues that can be arise by utilizing the conventional approach in complex construction
project to provide a planning and scheduling program. In order to obtain fewer conflicts and more collaboration
between planner’s team and with other participants in construction project and more realization, the BIM-based
method can be used as a new technology.
1.1 Literature review
The BIM approach has been established since 1970 when industry was commencing to utilize ingenious CAD
system as most useful method in different level of manufacturing and production (Eastman, 2008).Various
definition of BIM is introduced to exhibit the utility of this approach in industry. BIM is an approach that can be
able to manipulate parametric objects to produce particular model that are interpreted by the rules embedded in
them (Eastman, 2008). In addition, Smith and Edgar (2008) defined that BIM is a “digital representation of
physical and functional characteristics of a facility”.
The foundation of BIM scheduling linked to time and visual presentation that refer to 4D modeling or 4D CAD.
However, this approach is widely discussed in some research studies and literatures (e.g. McKinney and Fischer
1998, Koo and Fischer 2000, Kamat and Martinez 2002, Kähkönen and Leinonen 2003, Heesom and Mahdjoubi
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2004 and Chau et.al. 2005 among others). BIM-based applications provide scheduling animation in 3D model
and present the being built building from start to finish. It helps in communicating the completion dates to
owners, gives subcontractors and trades people a better understanding of the scope and timing of their work, and
helps field personnel verify the project is on track. 4D modeling in BIM is considered as a main connection tool
between 3D modeling in design level and planning scheduling in construction level. 4D modeling assist to
improve realizing of schedule consequence by giving a graphical presentation and preparation of an opportunity
to distinguish unexpected problems and incompatibility conflicts. Therefore, this approach facilitates the
scheduling process and help to distinguish of potential time-space conflicts (Koo and Fischer 2000).
Figure 1 shows the construction project life cycle that need continuous scheduling and update (Brad Hardin,
2011).By proper scheduling, project planners can compare various schedules easily, and they can quickly
recognize whether the project is on track or not (Hergunsel. 2011).
Figure 1: BIM schedule updating in a continuous task (Brad Hardin, 2009)
The BIM-based model components can also contain production rate information (for all the associated tasks) that
will permit a line of balance schedule analysis; this approach allows the fine-tuning of tasks based on their
location in the project and production rates, and helps to eliminate start and stop cycles within tasks (Willem
Kymmell, 2008).
Furthermore, 4D BIM-based which; advance with time plus BIM-based 3D model can be used as a visualization
application for identifying the safety issues that will be required at different times. The temporary safety related
structures such as rails, fences can be modeled in the BIM-based and monitoring and controlling of safety on site
by utilizing 4D model can improve overall safety of the personals related to the work. On the other hand,
integration 4D modeling with safety into the scheduling process and use planning as a tool to decrease the rate of
accident on the site can collaborate monitoring of safety program that is applied on the site and performed the
defect identification of the program on time before the accident and injury. In addition, 4D modeling is
multilateral model that can be helpful for engineers in different parts of the jobsite safety (Hergunsel, 2011).
According to study in [12], for every construction planner, the most important task is preparing the schedule.
The schedule is one of the deriving factors in the success of any project and is a critical component to all team
members. At the onset of a project (and often before that), a member of the construction management team
creates the schedule that is specialized engineer who play a major role in the construction process to identify the
sequences of the work process and investigate the priority of any task in each particular dates. Hence,
schedulers’ effort can lead to implement the work effectively and attain the purpose of the project on time and
within budget. This schedule typically reflects experiences with construction timing, material lead time, weather,
crew, and equipment concerns. Therefore, new engineer or planners needed to be trained with this new
technology and it applications. The new technology of BIM-based can inculcate the interest of planners to
resolve the construction project problems with better project planning and scheduling.
1.2 Problem Statement
Duncan (1996) argued about conventional construction planning techniques in terms of basic theory and
approved the inefficiencies of these methods in the construction industry. Inadequate knowledge of planners,
unavailability of data between different activities and also neglect of the physical correlation between activities
lead to affect conventional planning method and make them inoperative. According Whilst Sriprasert and
Dawood (2002),three main deficiencies of traditional planning methods are as following:
• Insubstantial pattern of planning and negligible or insignificant short term planning
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• Lack of a systematic approach to manage executive process
• Insufficient control measurement and utilizing corrective action rather than learning process
Santos, A et al. (1998), identified the barriers that planners face to clarify different stage in construction by using
traditional methods that are following:
• Extension of planning procedure on informal foundation
• Lack of practical implementation of schedule
• Creating of schedule base on the experience and not in the real data that are related to the project goal
• Systematic defect in the short term plan
• Insufficient resource for scheduling
In this circumstance of construction projects, researchers are required to introduce the new technique and
approach to modify the process of planning and scheduling. One of the most practical approaches is BIM that is
going to improve the information flow, manage knowledge and also control the planners’ concept to achieve
most appropriate and reliable planning program (Ballard, 1999).
The importance of a schedule in regard to BIM-based is to inform the team better and track progress from the
beginning to the end of the project. In addition, the refinement of the schedule relies on the accuracy of the
construction manager to review the new design documents each time and judge the projected availability of
additional equipment, material quantities, etc.
In construction projects, it is common for construction managers and clients face many problems such as over
budgets, schedules errors, omission of some activity, and safety tasks that the origin from inappropriate method
of planning and scheduling. This is due to the inadequate t tools for better understanding of real project
sequences and procedures. Therefore, this research paper interested to highlights what are the benefits of BIM-
based approach for planning and scheduling.
2. Research Methodology and Respondents Background
To achieve the aim of this research, the chosen methodology for this study is based on the questionnaire survey.
The survey respondents were chosen directly from the construction companies in Singapore. The construction
companies in Singapore have been implementing BIM-based approach in recently. The survey included
managers, architectures, engineers, planners.
All of these participants were selected through random sampling. The questionnaire was piloted with a group of
3 consultant companies to assess its validity before it was distributed. The 32 questionnaires were distributed
among the construction companies that 72% of total questionnaire were fulfilled. All questions were structured
to enable a logical quantitative analysis of the result. The data were analysed by using Statistical Packages for
Social Sciences (SPSS). The study used two methods in analysing the data gained from the respondent. Step one
presents the data in a descriptive form, where responses on each item were presented and described in percentage
and means index. Whilst for step 2, the evaluation was made by ranked analysis using Average Index method.
All result, with Average Index (AI) scores more than 3.5, were accepted as the beneficial factors. The following
formula was applied in Average Index methods. By referring to Majid and McCaffer (1997), the rating scales
used for the questionnaires in this study are mentioned in table 1.
Table 1. Classification of the Rating Scores
Rating Scale Average Index
Very low or extremely in effective 1.00 ≤ A1 < 1.50
Low or ineffective 1.50 ≤ A1 < 2.50
Medium or moderately in effective 2.50 ≤ A1 < 3.50
High or very effective 3.50 ≤ A1 < 4.50
Very high or extremely effective 4.50 ≤ A1 ≤ 5.00
3. Results and Findings
The results processed by applying Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 19 of software to
facilitate the understanding of data and information, which gained from the questionnaires.
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Figure 2. Years of experience of the respondents
Fig. 2 shows the years of experience of the respondents in the construction industry. Majority of the respondents
have more than 10 years of experience representing 43.47% of the total respondents that present the respondents
have adequate experience in the construction industry.
Figure 3. Area of expertise of the respondents
Fig.3 portrays the distribution of respondents in respect of their area of expertise. 56.52% that presents the
majority of the respondents are Planners, 30.44% are engineers while the lowest group are from Architects who
formed 13.04 % of the respondents.
Figure 4. Level of Benefits and Effectiveness of BIM-based Applications
Figure 4 shows the level of effectiveness on benefits of BIM-based applications that are useful for planners and
schedulers. The result has shown that the clash detection has the highest index of 4.8. This result indicating that
this element was the main benefits gained in using BIM-based approach. Similarly, the results have shown a
significance level of agreement that reducing missing data is another benefit of using BIM-based. Furthermore,
BIM-based provide usefulness in the use of 4D BIM-based that have the ability of integrating schedule
dimension.
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Table 2. Correlation between BIM-based Benefits and Planners Realization
No. BIM-based Benefits Factors influence planners realization Fig. No.
1. Improve clash detection • Identifying parallel activities
• Identifying potential conflicts
6,7
2. Reduce missing data • Diminish omission of activities Sample figure
is not supply
3. The use of 4D BIM-based
(integrating schedule dimension)
• Visualising and interpreting
construction sequence
• Facilitates information sharing
6
4. Earlier and more accurate design
visualisation
Formalising design and construction
information:
• Forces users to visualize in their
minds
• Obviates interpretation process
7
5. Improved document management
and integration
• Producing of event documentation
using for any claims like extension
of time
Sample figure
is not supply
6. Reduced safety risks in the design
phase
• Allows detection to hazards
• Definition of safety tasks
8
7. Greater predictability of project time • Allows the generation of
alternative scenarios
• Decision making
Sample figure
is not supply
In this study, Table 2 shows the correlation for planner visualization, in order to accommodate the project
realization.
The following flowchart (Fig.5) exhibits the process of promoting the planning and scheduling method by
integration of 3D model with the main project information such as time, cost, quality and safety that lead to
create BIM model in the construction industry. BIM model simulate the progress of the work and assist the user
to predict most reliable planning and scheduling.
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Figure 5. The Progress of BIM Application achievement
Figure 6. Sequence of Activities
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Figure 7. Clash Detection
In Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, parallel activities can be identified for clash detection. By using 4D BIM-based,
visualisation and interpreting construction sequence can be made to integrate schedule dimension. Furthermore,
formalising design and construction information also can be interpreted earlier whereby, by BIM-based it forced
user to detail visualise that lead to accurate design.
.
Figure 7. Hennesy Centre Safety and Site Logistics Planning (Collins, 2011)
Fig. 8 shows that BIM- based allow detection to hazard and define the safety task. BIM- based helps in reducing
safety risks at design phase. As presented in the Table 2, the planners are able to identify parallel activities,
construction sequence, claim documentation process, safety tasks, and various construction technologies as
decision making methods. In comparison to 2D model, BIM-based also offers faster and more accuracy
information visualization through it 4D model. On the other hand, the blunder or omission tasks can be
minimized whereby BIM-based have the function to reducing the numbers of missing data. The specialty of
BIM-based helps the junior planners’ to be more capable in developing project scheduling and thus indirectly
support their designation promotion
4. Conclusion
The highlighted factors in this research paper show the benefits of using BIM applications in the construction
industry to create planning and scheduling program. This paper has proposed that by using BIM-based
applications; it can be an effective to enhance planning and scheduling methods. Additionally, it helps to develop
the skill of planners and/or schedulers. The evaluation results indicated that the BIM-based approach helped
planners and schedulers to recognize construction sequence, parallel activities, diminish omission of activities,
hazard detection, producing of event documentation, definition of safety tasks, etc. The proposed BIM-based
approach is expected to help construction planners to overcome the difficulty of reading and interpreting 2D
schedules and Work Breakdown Structures (WBSs); which consist of only activities and relationships between
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them. Therefore, The BIM-based approach in planning and scheduling can be replicated effectively in other
industries.
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Reza Barati received B.Sc. degrees in civil engineering from Islamic Azad University (IAU), Mashhad branch
(Mashhad, Iran), M.Sc. in construction management from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia in
2012 and currently PhD candidate of civil engineering , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor, Malaysia
Aref Charehzehi received B.Sc. degrees in civil engineering from Islamic Azad University (IAU), Zahedan
branch (Zahedan, Iran) in 2008 and M.Sc. in construction management from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Prof. Dr. Christopher Nigel Preece, Professor of International Construction Business at Razak School of
Engineering and Advanced Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia