This document discusses communication and provides definitions and explanations of key communication concepts. It defines communication as the act of sending information or ideas via various methods, with a sender transmitting a message and a receiver receiving it. Effective communication requires the message to be encoded and decoded properly. The document also defines communication skills, discusses the importance of communication, and compares differences between spoken and written communication.

1. Michil Sarker
Communications questions
1. What is communication?
Ans. Communication is the act of sending information or ideas via speech, visuals,
writing or any other such method. The Communication model has a sender who is
sending the message and the receiver who is receiving the message. In between, the
speech or ideas need to be simple enough to be decoded and understood by the
receiver. If the ideas are not presented properly, then decoding is improper and the
receiver does not understand.
Based on the types of senders and receivers involved, we can define various types of
communications. If we take an example of communication between teams, you will
see the higher amount of formal communication as compared to informal. On the
other hand, when we consider personalcommunication and communication between
the group ofpersonalfriends, you will find these types ofcommunication to bemore
informal in nature.
In essence, below we discuss the various types of communication used between
people or between teams.
2. What is communication skills?
Ans. Communication skills are abilities you use when giving and receiving
different kinds of information. Some examples include communicating ideas,
feelings or what’s happening around you. Communication skills involve listening,
speaking, observing and empathizing. It is also helpful to understand the
differences in how to communicate through face-to-face interactions, phone
conversations and digital communications, like email and social media. There are
different types of communication skills you can learn and practice to help you
become an effective communicator. Many of these skills work together, making it
important to practice communication skills in different contexts whenever possible.
3. What is the importance of communications?

2. Michil Sarker
Ans. Good and effective communication is an essential tool in achieving
productivity and maintaining strong, lasting working relationships at all levels of
an organization. Employers who invest time and energy into delivering clear lines
of communication will rapidly build trust amongst employees, leading to increases
in productivity, output, and morale in general.
Poorcommunication in the workplace, due to personal reasons or a lack of
sufficient technology, will inevitably lead to unmotivated, ill-informed staff that
may begin to question confidence in their abilities and eventually the organisation
as a whole. At Michael Page, we recognise the importance of effective
communication, and what can happen if business leaders aren’t encouraging
communication across the business. Here’s information on effective
communication and the tools that businesses can use to make this happen within
their organisation.
4. What are the differences of spokenand written communication?
Ans.
Spoken communication Written communication
1. Exchange of ideas information and
message through spokenwords is
spoken communication.
1. Interchange of message, opinions
and information in written or printed
form is written communication.
2. It gives immediate feedback. 2. It takes time to give feedback.
3.It is not reliable 3. It is most reliable.
4. Its transmission of message is
speedy.
4. Its transmission of message is slow.
5. Its media are oral in nature such as
telephones, face to face discussion.
5. .Its media are written in nature such
as letters, memos etc
6. .It maintains informal
communication relationship forms.
6. It maintains formal communication
relationship forms.

3. Michil Sarker
7. Spokencommunication is highly
flexible.
7. Written communication is rigid or
inflexible.
5.What are elements of communication?
Ans. Communication is the process ofexchanging facts or ideas. There are seven
major communication elements. They are sender, ideas, encoding ,communication
channel ,receiver, decoding, feedback.
1. Sender:
The personwho intends to convey the message with the intention of passing
information and ideas to others is known as sender.
2. Ideas:
This is the subject matter of the communication. This may be an opinion, attitude,
feelings, views, orders or suggestion.
3. Encoding:
Since the subject matter of communication is theoretical and intangible,its further
passing requires use of certain symbols such as words,actions or pictures etc
Conversion is the subject matter into these symbols is the process ofencoding.
4. Communication channel:
The personwho is interested in communicating has to choosethe channel for
sending the required information,ideas,etc. This information is transmitted to the
receiver through certain channels which may be either formal or informal.
5 .Receiver:
Receiver is the personwho receives the message or for whom the message it meant
for.It is the receiver who tries to understand the message in the best possible
manner in achieving the desired objectives.

4. Michil Sarker
6. Decoding:
The personwho receives the message or symbol from the communicator tries to
convert the same in such a way so that he may extract its meaning to his complete
understanding.
7. Feedback;
Feedbackensures that the receiver understood the message in the way the sender
wanted the message to be understood.Feedbackis also known as reaction and
responses.
5. What is the difference between written and spoken English?
1. Permanence
Written discourseis fixed and stable so the reading can be done at whatever
time, speed and level of thoroughness the individual reader wishes. Spoken text
in contrast is fleeting, and moves on in real time. The listener – though he or she
may occasionally interrupt to request clarification – must in general follow what
is said at the speed set by the speaker.
2. Explicitness
The written text is explicit; it has to make clear the context and all references. In
speechthe real-time situation and knowledge shared between speaker and listener
means that some information can be assumed and need not be made explicit.
3. Density
The content is presented much more densely in writing. In speech, the information
is “diluted” and conveyed through many more words: there are a lot of repetitions,
glosses, “fillers”, producing a text is noticeably longer and with more redundant
passages.
4. Detachment
The writing of a text is detached in time and spacefrom its reading; the writer
normally works alone, and may not be acquainted with his or her readers. Speaking

5. Michil Sarker
usually takes place in immediate interaction with known listeners, with the
availability of immediate feedback.
5. Organization
A written text is usually organized and carefully formulated, since its composerhas
time and opportunity to edit it before making it available for reading. A speaker is
improvising as he or she speaks: ongoing alterations, in the shape of glosses,
selfcorrections and so on producean apparently disorganized 'stream-of
consciousness'kind of discourse. Thus a written text conforms more to
conventional rules of grammar, and its vocabulary is more precise and formal.
6. Slowness of production, speed of reception
Writing is much slower than speaking. On the other hand, we can usually read a
piece of text and understand it much faster than we can take in the same text if we
listen while someone reads it aloud to us.
7. Standard language
Writing normally uses a generally acceptable standard variety of the language,
whereas speechmay sometimes be in a regional or other limited-context dialect. In
some languages (Chinese, for example), the various spokendialects may even be
mutually incomprehensible, while the written language is universally understood.
8. A learnt skill
Most people acquire the spokenlanguage (at least of their own mother tongue)
intuitively, whereas the written form is in most cases deliberately taught and
learned.
9. Sheer amount and importance
Spoken texts are far longer, normally (in the sense that they contain more words),
than a representation of the same information in writing. It is also, I think, true to
say that most people speak far more than they write. Associated with this point is a
third: that speechis more important for survival and effective functioning in
society than writing is.
6. What are the duties of a student?

6. Michil Sarker
Ans. This leads us to the consideration of the duties which the students should
discharge in order to becomegood citizens of tomorrow. When we talk of duties,
the terms ‘rights’ naturally occurs to us. The students of today, unfortunately, are
conscious of only their rights. It is good that they should have a consciousness of
these too, for they are the basic conditions of freedom. But, what is more important
to understand is the fact that rights do not stand by themselves. They grow out of
duties.
Hence the need is to be more conscious about duties than about rights. Duties of
students can be divided into four categories: (1) Duties to themselves, (2) Duties to
the family, (3) Duties to the society and the (4) Duties to the humanity.
7. What is language?
Ans. Many definitions of language have been proposed. Henry Sweet, an English
phonetician and language scholar, stated: “Language is the expression of ideas by
means of speech-sounds combined into words.” The American linguists Bernard
Bloch and George L. Trager formulated the following definition: “A language is a
system of arbitrary vocal symbols by means of which a social group cooperates.”
The English language scholar A.H. Gardiner says, “ Language in its widest sense
of such signs of our thoughts and feelings as are capable of external perception and
as could be produced and repeated at will.”
8. Why language is important for communication?
1. Language is an important sourceof communication. Man is not only
affected by it, but also, expresses his personality through it
2. All kinds of information can be sorted out by it and we convey our feelings,
thoughts, impressions, experiences to others though it.
3. In journalism language plays an important role.
4. Language helps in communication with people.
5. Language is a complex system of symbols; it is the sourceof human
thoughts.
6. Language is the easiest source of dual communication.
7. Due to language people all over the world, come close, it creates universal
brotherhood. In present age, world has taken the shape of a family.

7. Michil Sarker
8. We persuade others through language to think and act.
9. It is right proverb that language gives happiness as well as sorrow. If it is
used for creating trouble for others; it is the negative aspect of the language.