English belongs to the Indo-European language family, which originated from a Proto-Indo-European language spoken over Europe and parts of Asia thousands of years ago. The Indo-European family is relatively small, containing about 140 languages grouped into different subfamilies like Germanic, Romance, Slavic, and others. English is classified as a Germanic language within the Indo-European family.

1. English asEnglish as
anan Indo-Indo-EuropeanEuropean
languagelanguage
By D. LaraBy D. Lara

2. ►Language familyLanguage family is a group ofis a group of
languages that are related to each otherlanguages that are related to each other
genetically and share a common ancestry.genetically and share a common ancestry.
the
same

3. • English belongs to the Indo-EuropeanEnglish belongs to the Indo-European
Language family (IE), which comes from Proto-Language family (IE), which comes from Proto-
Indo-European (PIE)Indo-European (PIE)

4. What does “Indo-European” means?What does “Indo-European” means?
It refers to a family of
languages
which were spoken over
a large part of Europe
and parts of
southwestern and
southern Asia.
It is a linguistics
term, originally
geographic, referring
to the location of
India and Europe.
It is realtively
small, containing
about 140
languages
It has 11 subgroups
being Germanic the
one which English
belongs to

5. Indo-European languagesIndo-European languages
AnatolianAnatolian ►Completely extinctCompletely extinct
►It is now called HittiteIt is now called Hittite
Indo-IranianIndo-Iranian
►It contains two subdivisions namelyIt contains two subdivisions namely IndicIndic andand IranianIranian
IndicIndic ►It has three periods called Old Indic (1500-600 BCE),It has three periods called Old Indic (1500-600 BCE),
Middle Indic (600 BCE- 1000 CE) and Modern IndicMiddle Indic (600 BCE- 1000 CE) and Modern Indic
(since 1000 CE)(since 1000 CE)
►The most ancient language of this group is VedicThe most ancient language of this group is Vedic
IranianIranian ►It has two representatives called Old Avestan (GathicIt has two representatives called Old Avestan (Gathic
Avestan) dating from about 600 BCE and Old PersianAvestan) dating from about 600 BCE and Old Persian
dated to as early as 500 BCE.dated to as early as 500 BCE.
GreekGreek
(Hellenic(Hellenic
))
►It contains some of the oldest documents of Indo-It contains some of the oldest documents of Indo-
European languageEuropean language
►Its main dialect is Attic, the literary language of Athens.Its main dialect is Attic, the literary language of Athens.

6. Indo-European languagesIndo-European languages
ItalicItalic
►There are two main Italic subdivisions,There are two main Italic subdivisions, Latin-FaliscanLatin-Faliscan andand Osco-Osco-
Umbrian.Umbrian.
Latin-Latin-
FaliscanFaliscan
►It survivor of the Modern Romance languages.It survivor of the Modern Romance languages.
►It was developed from varieties of the Roman Empire.It was developed from varieties of the Roman Empire.
Osco-Osco-
UmbrianUmbrian
►It does not have mmodern descendants.It does not have mmodern descendants.
►It comprises Oscan, Umbrian, South Picene and someIt comprises Oscan, Umbrian, South Picene and some
fragmentary languages.fragmentary languages.
GermaniGermani
cc
►Here is English languageHere is English language
►It is divided into three geographic subdivisions, EastIt is divided into three geographic subdivisions, East
Germanic, North Germanic and West Germanic the mostGermanic, North Germanic and West Germanic the most
expansive and internally diverse.expansive and internally diverse.
CelticCeltic ►It is geographically divided into two groups, theIt is geographically divided into two groups, the
Continental (now extinct) and the Insular.Continental (now extinct) and the Insular.
►Some classificatons put Italic with Celtic languageSome classificatons put Italic with Celtic language
which is known as “Italo-Celtic”.which is known as “Italo-Celtic”.

7. Indo-European languagesIndo-European languages
TocharianTocharian ►It was discovered in archeologicalIt was discovered in archeological
excavationsaround the twentieth century in Chineseexcavationsaround the twentieth century in Chinese
Turkestan.Turkestan.
►The documents of the languages are relatively late,The documents of the languages are relatively late,
from the period of about 500-700 CE.from the period of about 500-700 CE.
BalticBaltic ►It survives into two modern languages LithuanianIt survives into two modern languages Lithuanian
and Latvian (Lettish), and together they create theand Latvian (Lettish), and together they create the
East Baltic subdivision.East Baltic subdivision.
►Many of its languages have become extinct.Many of its languages have become extinct.
SlavicSlavic ►It has three geographicall subdivisions:It has three geographicall subdivisions:
South slavicSouth slavic (Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian,(Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian,
Croatian, Slovenian and Old church slavic)Croatian, Slovenian and Old church slavic)
West SlavicWest Slavic (Czech, Slovak, Polish, Kashubian)(Czech, Slovak, Polish, Kashubian)
East SlavicEast Slavic (Russian, Ukrainian and Belarussian)(Russian, Ukrainian and Belarussian)

8. Indo-European languagesIndo-European languages
ArmenianArmenian ►It was the first attested in religious documents andIt was the first attested in religious documents and
translations from the fifth centurytranslations from the fifth century
►It was influenced by some languages like Greek,It was influenced by some languages like Greek,
Arabic, Syriac and Persian.Arabic, Syriac and Persian.
AlbanianAlbanian ►It was influenced by Greek, Slavic, Turkish andIt was influenced by Greek, Slavic, Turkish and
Latin.Latin.
►It has two principal dialects which are Gheg andIt has two principal dialects which are Gheg and
Tosk.Tosk.

9. There is another type of languages which are:There is another type of languages which are:
Fragmentary Languages
defined as Those languages which are just
fragments or inscriptions
of the language
Fragmentary IE languages
Ligurian
Messapic
Sicel and
SicanianVenetic
Thracian
Phrygian
Illyrian

10. There is another type of languages which are:There is another type of languages which are:
Fragmentary Languages
defined as Those languages which are just
fragments or inscriptions
of the language
Fragmentary IE languages
Ligurian
Messapic
Sicel and
SicanianVenetic
Thracian
Phrygian
Illyrian