The Cold war
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By Mohamed Amine Ben Aicha And Job Eloka Lenaie Topics - Timeline - Global view - Important peoples - Nikita Kruschev - John F. Kennedy - Ronald Reagan - Mikhail Gorbachev - Primary source The Timeline: August 6th 1945-United States dropped bomb on Hiroshima August 14, 1945- End of the WW II June 24, 1948- The Berlin blockade begins April 4, 1949- NATO is formed May 12,1949- Berlin blockade ends June 1950-July 1953- Korean war begins and endsThe Cold War May 1955- Warsaw Pact formed May 1960- U.S. spy plane was shot down over Soviet territory November 1960- John Kennedy became president April 1961- Bay of Pigs August 13,17- The border or Berlin is closed off;construction begins of the Berlin Wall October 1962- Cuban Missile Crisis November 1963- President Kennedy assassinated July 20, 1969- Apollo 11 wins space race by landing on the moon November 1989- Fall of the Berlin Wall August 1991- End of the Cold War Globale view: The Cold War began to form after World War II. The disagreements started between 1947-1951. The world split into two large organizations NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and the Warsaw pact. Many people believed at that time that a nuclear war would start. The main tensions were between The Soviet Union (Russia) and The United States. Both sides and their allies were building up their weapons but did not use them. It was a fight between political systems for power. Important people: Nikita Kruschev (1894->1971) John F. Kennedy (1917->1963) Ronald Reagan(1911->2004) Mikhail Gorbachev(1931-> ) Nikita Kruschev (1894-1971) Nikita Kruschev was born on April 17, 1894 and died on September 11, 1971. After Joseph Stalin died Nikita Khrushchev became chief director of the Soviet Union. He was a strong believer in the communist party, and he became the First Secretary from September 7, 1953 to October 14, 1964. Khrushchev was Premier of the Soviet Union from March 27, 1958 to October 14, 1964. When he was 77 years old. He was notorious for his rudeness of interrupting speeches and removing his shoe to bang it on the podium during debates at the United Nations. John F. Kennedy (1917-1963) John F. Kennedy was the 35th President of the United States. He was in office from January 20, 1961 until November 22, 1963. Kennedy was the president during the Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis, the building of the Berlin Wall, the Vietnam war and the American Civil rights movement. On November 22end ,1963 Kennedy was in Dallas, Texas and was assassinated. Ronald Reagan(1911-2004) Ronald Reagan became the 40th president of the United States on January 20, 1981 and left office on January 20, 1989. He was the governor of California from 1967 to 1975. Regan served two terms also partly during the cold war. He ordered a massive military buildup while racing against the Soviet Union. He later spoke with Mikhail Gorbachev and they shrunk the US and Russ
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The Cold War
The Cold War began after World War 2 and resulted in the formation of two military alliances - NATO and the Warsaw Pact. Tensions escalated throughout the late 1940s and 1950s, including the Berlin Blockade and arms buildup. Major events of the early Cold War included the Cuban Missile Crisis and space race. Reformist leader Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s led to improved US-Soviet relations and the eventual dissolution of the Soviet Union, bringing the Cold War to an end.
Cold war timeline
The document provides a timeline of key events from 1970 to 1991 during the Cold War period. It outlines major military and political developments each decade, including the Vietnam War ceasefire in 1973, Reagan's election in 1980, Gorbachev coming to power in 1985 and pursuing reforms, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact in 1991 marking the official end of the Cold War.
The cold-war-1196708280940758-2
The Cold War began after World War 2 and lasted from 1945-1991. It involved geopolitical tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States. Key events included the formation of opposing military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact, the Berlin Blockade, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and a nuclear arms race. Important leaders during this time included Nikita Khrushchev, John F. Kennedy, Ronald Reagan, and Mikhail Gorbachev, whose reforms helped bring an end to the Cold War.
Cold war
The Cold War began after World War 2 and lasted from 1945 to 1991. It involved tensions between capitalist Western countries led by the US and communist Eastern countries led by the Soviet Union. Key events included the formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact in 1949, the Berlin Blockade and airlift from 1948 to 1949, the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, and the Space Race that peaked with the US moon landing in 1969. Economic and political reforms under Soviet leader Gorbachev in the 1980s reduced Cold War tensions and led to the collapse of communist governments in Eastern Europe in 1989.
Cold war 2 - 1949-1968
Cold war, Hungarian uprising, Korean War, Khrushchev, Berlin Wall, for Cambridge IGCSE History http://curriculumglobal.blogspot.com
Cold War Timeline
This document lists the leaders of the United States and Soviet Union/Russia from 1940 to 1990, during the Cold War era. It provides the names of the presidents and general secretaries, along with their terms in office, divided into sections for World War II, post-WWII, the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. The Cold War spanned from the 1940s to the early 1990s between the US and Soviet Union, led initially by FDR, Stalin, Truman and later by figures like Reagan, Gorbachev and Yeltsin.
History presentation cold war
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and its satellite states and the Western powers led by the United States. It began after World War 2 and involved military buildups, espionage, propaganda, and economic competition. Both sides sought to spread their opposing ideologies - communism for the Soviets and capitalism for the US. The launch of Sputnik 1 by the Soviet Union in 1957 kicked off the Space Race and led the US to establish NASA to catch up in space exploration, culminating in the US moon landing in 1969. Throughout the Cold War, both militaries developed advanced technologies like nuclear weapons and spy planes to gain military advantages over the other. The Cold War ended in the early 1990s
Tengowski Iii 4 vietnam + cmc
JFK took several escalatory actions in Vietnam from 1961-1963, increasing aid and advisors to support the South Vietnamese government against the communists. However, he began to have doubts about the war and whether the US could win. During this time the Vietnam War escalated quietly as JFK dealt with other major foreign policy crises like the Cuban Missile Crisis, where the world came dangerously close to nuclear war but JFK was able to negotiate a resolution with Khrushchev. These events impacted JFK's thinking on foreign policy and relations with the Soviet Union.
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The Cold War began after World War 2 and resulted in the formation of two military alliances - NATO and the Warsaw Pact. Tensions escalated throughout the late 1940s and 1950s, including the Berlin Blockade and arms buildup. Major events of the early Cold War included the Cuban Missile Crisis and space race. Reformist leader Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s led to improved US-Soviet relations and the eventual dissolution of the Soviet Union, bringing the Cold War to an end.
Cold war timeline
The document provides a timeline of key events from 1970 to 1991 during the Cold War period. It outlines major military and political developments each decade, including the Vietnam War ceasefire in 1973, Reagan's election in 1980, Gorbachev coming to power in 1985 and pursuing reforms, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact in 1991 marking the official end of the Cold War.
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The Cold War began after World War 2 and lasted from 1945-1991. It involved geopolitical tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States. Key events included the formation of opposing military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact, the Berlin Blockade, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and a nuclear arms race. Important leaders during this time included Nikita Khrushchev, John F. Kennedy, Ronald Reagan, and Mikhail Gorbachev, whose reforms helped bring an end to the Cold War.
Cold war
The Cold War began after World War 2 and lasted from 1945 to 1991. It involved tensions between capitalist Western countries led by the US and communist Eastern countries led by the Soviet Union. Key events included the formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact in 1949, the Berlin Blockade and airlift from 1948 to 1949, the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, and the Space Race that peaked with the US moon landing in 1969. Economic and political reforms under Soviet leader Gorbachev in the 1980s reduced Cold War tensions and led to the collapse of communist governments in Eastern Europe in 1989.
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The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and its satellite states and the Western powers led by the United States. It began after World War 2 and involved military buildups, espionage, propaganda, and economic competition. Both sides sought to spread their opposing ideologies - communism for the Soviets and capitalism for the US. The launch of Sputnik 1 by the Soviet Union in 1957 kicked off the Space Race and led the US to establish NASA to catch up in space exploration, culminating in the US moon landing in 1969. Throughout the Cold War, both militaries developed advanced technologies like nuclear weapons and spy planes to gain military advantages over the other. The Cold War ended in the early 1990s
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JFK took several escalatory actions in Vietnam from 1961-1963, increasing aid and advisors to support the South Vietnamese government against the communists. However, he began to have doubts about the war and whether the US could win. During this time the Vietnam War escalated quietly as JFK dealt with other major foreign policy crises like the Cuban Missile Crisis, where the world came dangerously close to nuclear war but JFK was able to negotiate a resolution with Khrushchev. These events impacted JFK's thinking on foreign policy and relations with the Soviet Union.
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Causes of the Cuban Missile Crisis – Khrushchev's view of Kennedy
Nikita Khrushchev viewed John F. Kennedy as inexperienced and weak due to his youth and the domestic problems facing the US. At their 1961 Vienna summit, Khrushchev bullied Kennedy and was emboldened by his perceived inability to stop construction of the Berlin Wall. Khrushchev believed placing nuclear missiles in Cuba would call Kennedy's resolve without risk of war, but misjudged that the US would not tolerate such threats so close to home. This miscalculation and view of Kennedy as distracted by domestic issues led to Khrushchev's disastrous decision to place missiles in Cuba and the ensuing Cuban Missile Crisis.
Causes of the Cuban Missile Crisis – US foreign policy
US foreign policy during the Cold War aimed to contain the spread of communism and strengthen America's global influence. In Cuba, US attempts to overthrow Fidel Castro through covert operations like the failed Bay of Pigs invasion scared Castro into allowing Soviet nuclear weapons on the island. This led to the Cuban Missile Crisis and brought the US and USSR to the brink of nuclear war. Tensions were high due to both sides' fear of the other gaining military advantages in regions like Europe and the Caribbean.
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1961 was a difficult year for President Kennedy. Key events included:
1) The USSR won the space race by putting the first man in orbit while the US began catching up with Alan Shepard's suborbital flight. Kennedy vowed to land a man on the moon.
2) The failed Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba embarrassed Kennedy and strengthened Castro.
3) During the Berlin Crisis, Khrushchev erected the Berlin Wall after threatening war if the US didn't leave Berlin. Kennedy acknowledged the wall was better than war.
Jfk Foreign Policy
1. JFK pursued a multi-pronged foreign policy approach including increasing nuclear weapons and conventional forces while also growing economic aid and diplomacy through initiatives like the Peace Corps.
2. Key events during JFK's presidency included the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba, the Berlin Crisis, and the Cuban Missile Crisis where the U.S. and USSR brought the world close to nuclear war over Soviet missiles in Cuba.
3. JFK worked to improve relations with the USSR through diplomacy and arms control agreements while also taking a hard line against communism in Cuba and Vietnam.
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The Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in August-October 1962 when the US discovered that the USSR had placed nuclear missiles in Cuba. This brought the two countries closest to WWIII. In response, JFK imposed a blockade around Cuba and demanded the missiles be removed. On October 24th, USSR ships stopped short of the blockade, and on October 28th Khruschev announced the missiles would be removed from Cuba in exchange for the US removing missiles from Turkey and promising not to invade Cuba again. The crisis highlighted the need for improved communication between the US and USSR and led to the establishment of a direct hotline.
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Kennedy faced several foreign policy crises during his presidency including the failed Bay of Pigs invasion, the Berlin Wall, and most dangerously, the Cuban Missile Crisis. During the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962, U.S. spy planes discovered nuclear missile sites being built in Cuba with help from the Soviet Union. Kennedy established a naval blockade of Cuba and initiated secret negotiations with Khrushchev to resolve the crisis and remove the missiles, bringing the U.S. and Soviet Union dangerously close to nuclear war. The crisis ended when Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles, averting war but demonstrating the threat of nuclear proliferation.
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The document summarizes key events and policies of the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union from 1949 to 1960. It discusses the nuclear arms race following the Soviet development of the atomic bomb, the policy of brinkmanship pursued by the Eisenhower administration, civil defense drills in America, and covert CIA operations against governments in Iran and Guatemala. It also outlines the formation of the Warsaw Pact, the Suez Crisis, Soviet suppression of uprisings in Hungary, and the beginning of the space race with Sputnik and U-2 incidents increasing Cold War tensions.
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In this powerpoint, you will get a Cold War timeline of events, from the start of the Cold War to the end. This also is set up and showing which President was in office during the Cold War.
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Nikita Khrushchev viewed John F. Kennedy as inexperienced and weak due to his youth and the domestic problems facing the US. At their 1961 Vienna summit, Khrushchev bullied Kennedy and was emboldened by his perceived inability to stop construction of the Berlin Wall. Khrushchev believed placing nuclear missiles in Cuba would call Kennedy's resolve without risk of war, but misjudged that the US would not tolerate such threats so close to home. This miscalculation and view of Kennedy as distracted by domestic issues led to Khrushchev's disastrous decision to place missiles in Cuba and the ensuing Cuban Missile Crisis.
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1961 was a difficult year for President Kennedy. Key events included:
1) The USSR won the space race by putting the first man in orbit while the US began catching up with Alan Shepard's suborbital flight. Kennedy vowed to land a man on the moon.
2) The failed Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba embarrassed Kennedy and strengthened Castro.
3) During the Berlin Crisis, Khrushchev erected the Berlin Wall after threatening war if the US didn't leave Berlin. Kennedy acknowledged the wall was better than war.
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1. JFK pursued a multi-pronged foreign policy approach including increasing nuclear weapons and conventional forces while also growing economic aid and diplomacy through initiatives like the Peace Corps.
2. Key events during JFK's presidency included the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba, the Berlin Crisis, and the Cuban Missile Crisis where the U.S. and USSR brought the world close to nuclear war over Soviet missiles in Cuba.
3. JFK worked to improve relations with the USSR through diplomacy and arms control agreements while also taking a hard line against communism in Cuba and Vietnam.
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1961 was a turbulent year that included the first human spaceflight, the failed Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba, and the Berlin Crisis. Key events included Yuri Gagarin becoming the first person in space for the USSR in April, the Bay of Pigs failure in April where Cuban exiles tried but failed to overthrow Castro, and the Berlin Wall being constructed in August to stop people from leaving East Berlin. JFK responded to these challenges by giving a speech committing to land on the moon, taking responsibility for Bay of Pigs, and initiating Operation Mongoose covert operations against Cuba while avoiding war with the USSR over Berlin.
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The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and Soviet Union after WWII. The US pursued a policy of containment to stop the spread of communism, forming NATO in response to the Soviet-aligned Warsaw Pact. Key events included the Korean War, Vietnam War, and Cuban Missile Crisis. Space and nuclear arms races increased tensions. Detente began in the 1970s, and the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991 amid reforms and loss of control over Eastern Europe.
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The Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in August-October 1962 when the US discovered that the USSR had placed nuclear missiles in Cuba. This brought the two countries closest to WWIII. In response, JFK imposed a blockade around Cuba and demanded the missiles be removed. On October 24th, USSR ships stopped short of the blockade, and on October 28th Khruschev announced the missiles would be removed from Cuba in exchange for the US removing missiles from Turkey and promising not to invade Cuba again. The crisis highlighted the need for improved communication between the US and USSR and led to the establishment of a direct hotline.
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The document summarizes key events and policies during John F. Kennedy's presidency regarding the Cold War, including establishing the Green Berets and the Peace Corps, the failed Bay of Pigs invasion, the Berlin Crisis where Khrushchev issued an ultimatum on Berlin, the Cuban Missile Crisis where Soviet missiles were deployed in Cuba, support for South Vietnamese leader Ngo Dinh Diem and increasing US military advisors in Vietnam, the US-Soviet space race where Kennedy pledged to land a man on the moon, and Kennedy's vision for genuine and lasting world peace.
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The Bay of Pigs invasion was a failed CIA-orchestrated attempt in April 1961 to overthrow Fidel Castro's communist government in Cuba. CIA-trained Cuban exiles launched an invasion at the Bay of Pigs but were poorly armed and only 1,100 of the 1,400 troops survived as they were defeated by Castro's forces in three days. The failed invasion strengthened Castro's power and the captured exiles were imprisoned for 20 months until a deal was reached between Castro and President Kennedy, who took responsibility for the failure.
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Kennedy faced several foreign policy crises during his presidency including the failed Bay of Pigs invasion, the Berlin Wall, and most dangerously, the Cuban Missile Crisis. During the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962, U.S. spy planes discovered nuclear missile sites being built in Cuba with help from the Soviet Union. Kennedy established a naval blockade of Cuba and initiated secret negotiations with Khrushchev to resolve the crisis and remove the missiles, bringing the U.S. and Soviet Union dangerously close to nuclear war. The crisis ended when Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles, averting war but demonstrating the threat of nuclear proliferation.
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The First Berlin Crisis occurred from 1948 to 1949 as a result of tensions between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union over access to West Berlin. Stalin cut off access routes to West Berlin in an attempt to force the Western powers out, but they responded with an unprecedented airlift to supply the city. Eventually, Russia lifted the blockade in 1949 after failing to gain control over West Berlin.
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John F. Kennedy served as the 35th President of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. He had an early career in the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate before becoming president. As president, Kennedy delivered his famous inaugural address calling Americans to public service and advocating to defend liberty against tyranny, poverty, disease, and war. On November 22, 1963, Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas while riding in a motorcade.
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The document provides an overview of major events and developments during the Cold War era in the United States from 1945 to the late 1980s. It discusses the emergence of the Cold War rivalry with the Soviet Union, the spread of communism, conflicts like the Korean War and Vietnam War, civil rights movement, space race, and events that led to the fall of the Soviet Union and end of the Cold War.
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The Korean War began in 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea, leading the United States to lead a United Nations force to defend South Korea. As the UN forces advanced towards China, China entered the war by sending its army to fight the UN troops. Heavy fighting occurred and Truman considered using nuclear weapons. Truman eventually fired General MacArthur when he wanted to expand the war. After long negotiations, an armistice was signed in 1953 ending the fighting, but no peace treaty was ever signed.
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The document outlines the major foreign policy initiatives and events during the Eisenhower administration. It discusses Eisenhower's continuation of Truman's policies of containment and mutual security agreements. It also examines the major foreign policy "hot spots" that emerged in Europe, the Middle East, Latin America, and the Far East, including the creation of the Warsaw Pact, the Hungarian Revolution, the Berlin Crisis, the U-2 spy incident, the CIA-sponsored coup in Iran, the Suez Crisis, and the French departure from Indochina following the Geneva Accords.
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Russia presentation
Russia is the largest country in the world with 142 million inhabitants. Its capital and largest city is Moscow with over 11 million people. Russia uses the ruble as its currency and has over 100 languages spoken, with Russian and Tartar being most common. Geographically, Russia is located in northern Eurasia and has a huge central plain in Siberia. It has freezing winters and cool summers. Politically, Russia was an empire until the 20th century and is now a republic that was formerly part of the USSR led by Putin and Medvedev. Major religions are Russian Orthodox, Islam, Buddhism, and Judaism. Popular destinations include St. Petersburg's Hermitage Museum and sites in Moscow like the Kremlin, Red Square
Russia
Russian culture is rich and spans centuries of history, encompassing art, traditions, literature and more. Traditional toys included matryoshka nesting dolls, which are colorful wooden dolls that fit inside one another. A popular drink is tea served in a samovar, while common foods include bread, soups, potatoes and desserts like piroshki. Popular sports are football, hockey and basketball. Pastimes also include activities like swimming, fishing and chess. Music includes folk music featuring balalaikas and accordions, while ballet is a beloved art form with works by Tchaikovsky. The Russian mentality values family and hospitality.
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The document discusses the Cold War at home in the United States from 1945-1991. It describes how fears of communism grew after FDR's death and the Yalta Conference. J. Edgar Hoover and Senator Joseph McCarthy led campaigns claiming the government was infiltrated by communists. This led to investigations like the HUAC hearings and blacklisting of thousands from Hollywood and government. While communist governments still exist, the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked a decline in fears of communism in the United States.
Terrorism 911
This document discusses the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and their aftermath. It provides details on the death toll from 9/11 and the impact on families in New York. It also mentions the backlash against Middle Eastern people after 9/11, the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq launched by the US in response, and debates around the rationale for the Iraq war.
Lecture 18: The American Military
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Venezuela Chronology
Tuesday, March 18, 2008
Chronology of the 4th Generation War Against Venezuela
The US Government is waging war on Venezuela - not your typical, traditional war, but a modern, asymmetric - 4th Generation War - against President Chávez and the Bolivarian Revolution. Below is a presentation I created regarding the pattern and escalation of US Government aggression against Venezuela, with clear quotes and cites as evidence to back up this claim.
OBJECTIVE
Relate Chávez with:
*Drug trafficking
*Terrorism
*A Dictatorship
*An Arms Race
*Money Laundering
*A Threat Against Regional Security
Actions
2002-2006
*The coup d’etat against Chávez in 2002
*The “lockout” and economic sabotage from December 2002 to February 2003
*The “guarimbas” of 2004
*The Recall Referendum of 2004
*Electoral Intervention in 2005 and 2006
*An increase in US military presence in the region during 2006-2007
Change in Strategy
-After the victory of President Chávez in the recall referendum of 2004, the US toughened its position towards Venezuela increased its public hostility and aggression against the Venezuelan government.
-January 2005: “Hugo Chávez is a negative force in the region.” -Condoleezza Rice
-March 2005: “Venezuela is one of the most unstable and dangerous ‘hot spots’ in Latin America.” -Porter Goss, ex-Director of the CIA
-March 2005: “Venezuela is starting a dangerous arms race that threatens regional security.” -Donald Rumsfeld, ex-Secretary of Defense
-March 2005: “I am concerned about Venezuela’s influence in the area of responsibility...SOUTHCOM supports the position of the Joint Chiefs to maintain ‘military to military’ contact with the Venezuelan military…we need an inter-agency focus to deal with Venezuela.” -General Bantz Craddock, ex-Commander of SOUTHCOM
-July 2005: “Cuba and Venezuela are promoting instability in Latin America…There is no doubt that President Chávez is funding radical forces in Bolivia.” -Rogelio Pardo-Maurer, Assistant Sub-Secretary of Defense for the Western Hemisphere
-July 2005: “Venezuela and Cuba are promoting radicalism in the region...Venezuela is trying to undermine the democratic governments in the region to impede CAFTA.” -Donald Rumsfeld, ex-Secretary of Defense
-August 2005: “Venezuelan territory is a safe haven for Colombian terrorists.” -Tom Casey, spokesperson for the Department of State
-September 2005: “The problem of working with President Chávez is serious and continuous, as it is in other parts of the relationship.” -John Walters, Director of the National Policy Office for Drug Control.
-November 2005: “The assault on democratic institutions in Venezuela continues and the system is in serious danger.” -Thomas Shannon, Sub-secretary of State
Escalation in Aggression 2006
The War Machine
-2 February 2006: “Presidente Chávez continues to use his control to repress the opposition, reduce freedom of the press and restrict democracy….it’s a threat.” -John Negroponte, ex-Director of National Intelligence
-2 February 2006: “We have Chávez in Venezuela with a lot of money from oil. He is a person who was elected legally, just like Adolf Hitler...” - Donald Rumsfeld, ex-Secretary of Defense
Connection with Terrorism
-16 March 2006: “In Venezuela, a demogoge full of oil money is undermining democracy and trying to destabilize the region.” -George W. Bush
-June 2006: “Venezuela’s cooperation in the international campaign against terrorism continues to be insignificant...It’s not clear to what point the Venezuelan government offered material support to Colombian terrorists.” - Annual Report on Terrorism, Department of State
Increase in Military Presence
-March-July 2006: The US military engages in four major exercises off the coast of Venezuela in the Caribbean Sea, with support from NATO, and based at the US air force base in Curaça
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Debunk stereotypes about Russia
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President Ronald Reagan
Ronald Reagan was a conservative American politician who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Some key details about his life and presidency include: He was born in 1911 in Illinois and got his start in Hollywood before pursuing a career in politics. As President, Reagan advocated for lower taxes, less government regulation of the economy, and increased military spending. His policies aimed to stimulate economic growth and roll back communism. However, his presidency was also marked by controversies like the Iran-Contra affair and growing inequality.
Mikhail Gorbachev and the Collapse of the USSR
The document discusses Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of Perestroika and Glasnost in the Soviet Union during the 1980s, which aimed to restructure and open up the communist system through economic and political reforms. It also mentions key events that occurred as a result of these reforms, including the opening of the East German border, the fall of the Berlin Wall, revolutions in Eastern Europe, and the eventual dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Iran-Contra Affair
The Iran-Contra Affair involved the covert sale of arms to Iran by the Reagan administration to fund anti-communist rebels, or Contras, in Nicaragua. Independent Counsel Lawrence Walsh uncovered that funds from the arms sales to Iran were illegally diverted to support the Contras, violating Congressional restrictions. Over the course of an eight year investigation, Walsh charged 14 administration officials with crimes related to the cover up, though many convictions were later overturned. While Reagan claimed ignorance of the diversion, Walsh argued the affair demonstrated failures of executive oversight and accountability.
Mikahil Gorhachev
INTRODUCTION
CHILDHOOD
POLITICAL CAREER
CPSU AND DOMESTIC REFORMS (1985-1989)
‘NEW THINKING’
COLLAPSE OF SOVIET UNION
THE AUGUST COUP AND FINAL COLLAPSE
ACTIVITIES AFTER RESIGNATION
TIMELINE
Created by Manjula Gunathilake - Sri Lanka 011-2729972
H12 ch 16_soviet_unioncollapse_2013
Mikhail Gorbachev became the leader of the Soviet Union in 1985 and sought to reform the Soviet system through his policies of perestroika, glasnost, uskorenie, and demokratizatsiya. This involved restructuring the political and economic system, increasing transparency, accelerating reforms, and democratizing. He faced opposition from conservatives and Boris Yeltsin. Glasnost allowed for greater freedom of expression and criticism, but also increased unrest in Soviet republics and satellite states. Reforms began to spread through Eastern Europe in 1989, with Solidarity gaining power in Poland and Hungary liberalizing under Soviet non-intervention.
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- 1. The Cold War By Mohamed Amine Ben Aicha And Job Eloka Lenaie
- 2. Topics • - Timeline • - Global view • - Important peoples • - Nikita Kruschev • - John F. Kennedy • - Ronald Reagan • - Mikhail Gorbachev • - Primary source • The forming of NATO • • The bay of pigs • • And how it ended
- 3. The Timeline: • August 6th 1945-United States dropped bomb on Hiroshima • August 14, 1945- End of the WW II • June 24, 1948- The Berlin blockade begins • April 4, 1949- NATO is formed • May 12,1949- Berlin blockade ends • June 1950-July 1953- Korean war begins and ends • May 1955- Warsaw Pact formed • May 1960- U.S. spy plane was shot down over Soviet territory • November 1960- John Kennedy became president • April 1961- Bay of Pigs • August 13,17- The border or Berlin is closed off;construction begins of the Berlin Wall • October 1962- Cuban Missile Crisis • November 1963- President Kennedy assassinated • July 20, 1969- Apollo 11 wins space race by landing on the moon • November 1989- Fall of the Berlin Wall • August 1991- End of the Cold War •
- 4. Globale view: • The Cold War began to form after World War II. The disagreements started between 1947-1951. The world split into two large organizations NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and the Warsaw pact. Many people believed at that time that a nuclear war would start. The main tensions were between The Soviet Union (Russia) and The United States. Both sides and their allies were building up their weapons but did not use them. It was a fight between political systems for power. •
- 5. Important people: •Nikita Kruschev (1894->1971) •John F. Kennedy (1917->1963) •Ronald Reagan(1911->2004) •Mikhail Gorbachev(1931-> ) •
- 6. Nikita Kruschev (1894-1971) • Nikita Kruschev was born on April 17, 1894 and died on September 11, 1971. After Joseph Stalin died Nikita Khrushchev became chief director of the Soviet Union. He was a strong believer in the communist party, and he became the First Secretary from September 7, 1953 to October 14, 1964. Khrushchev was Premier of the Soviet Union from March 27, 1958 to October 14, 1964. When he was 77 years old. He was notorious for his rudeness of interrupting speeches and removing his shoe to bang it on the podium during debates at the United Nations. •
- 7. John F. Kennedy (1917- 1963)• John F. Kennedy was the 35th President of the United States. He was in office from January 20, 1961 until November 22, 1963. Kennedy was the president during the Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis, the building of the Berlin Wall, the Vietnam war and the American Civil rights movement. On November 22end ,1963 Kennedy was in Dallas, Texas and was assassinated. •
- 8. Ronald Reagan(1911-2004) • Ronald Reagan became the 40th president of the United States on January 20, 1981 and left office on January 20, 1989. He was the governor of California from 1967 to 1975. Regan served two terms also partly during the cold war. He ordered a massive military buildup while racing against the Soviet Union. He later spoke with Mikhail Gorbachev and they shrunk the US and Russia's nuclear weaponry. •
- 9. Mikhail Gorbachev(1931- ) • Mikhail Gorbachev is the leader of the Union of Social- Democrats. He was born on March 2 1931 and he is still alive. He used to be the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, he was also head of the USSR. Gorbachev was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990. He had helped end the Cold War and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. •
- 10. Primary Source Letters from Khrushchev to Kennedy § Khrushchev wrote to Kennedy twice about the Cuban missile crisis. The first letter was sent on October 26, 1962 and contained the statement that if the United States agreed not to attack Cuba then the Soviet Union would take the weapons out. Below is part of the first letter. § “Why have we proceeded to assist Cuba with military and economic aid? The answer is: We have proceeded to do so only for reasons of humanitarianism. At one time, our people itself had a revolution, when Russia was still a backwards country. We were attacked then. We were the target of attack by many countries. The USA participated in that adventure. This had been recorded by our participants in the aggression against our country. A whole book has been written about this by General Graves, who, at that time, commanded the US Expeditionary Corps. Graves called it ‘The American Adventure in Siberia.” •
- 11. Forming of NATO • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization include twelve nations that have an alliance. These include The United States and The United Kingdome. NATO was officially formed on April 4, 1949. They all signed the North Atlantic Treaty. After the fall of communism NATO has become a political force rather than a military force. •
- 12. Bay of Pigs • On April 15, 1961 aircrafts flew over Cuba attempting to wipe out Castro’s air force. It was supposed to look like it was only Cuban exiles. The attack might have worked if the second and third air strikes had not been cancelled. The mission was overall unsuccessful. •
- 13. How it Ended • Economic reforms were made by Mikhail Gorbachev when he became head of the Soviet Union. His new policies were called perestroika. Gorbachev and Reagan worked together to eliminate nuclear weapons. Demonstration started in East Germany and the Soviet republics began rebelling. •
Editor's Notes
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