The First Berlin Crisis occurred from 1948 to 1949 as a result of tensions between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union over access to West Berlin. Stalin cut off access routes to West Berlin in an attempt to force the Western powers out, but they responded with an unprecedented airlift to supply the city. Eventually, Russia lifted the blockade in 1949 after failing to gain control over West Berlin.

1. The First Berlin Crisis-(June 1948-May 1949)

2. •In 1948, the three western controlled zones of
Germany's(US,France, UK) were united, and grew in
prosperity due to the Marshal Plan.
•The West wanted the East to rejoin, but Stalin feared it
would hurt Soviet security.
•In June 1948, Stalin decided to try to gain control of West
Berlin which was deep inside the eastern sector.

3. •Stalin cut road, rail and canal links with West Berlin,
hoping to starve it into submission.
•The West responded by airlifting in the necessary
supplies to allow west Berlin to survive.
•In May 1949, Russia admitted defeat and lifted the
blockade.

10. The Second Red Scare-1947-57
• Causes:
• Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Trial
-Found guilty of spying for the Soviets-executed in 1953

11. Causes of 2nd Red Scare Cont.
•The Iron Curtain surrounding Eastern Europe-1945
•The USSR detonating their atomic bomb-1949
•China becoming communist in 1949
•The Korean War starting in 1950-Domino Effect
•Stalin’s actions in Germany-Berlin Blockade

12. USSR’s First Atomic Test-1949

13. Chiang Kai Shek vs. Mao Zedong

15. Chinese Civil War
•1928-1937
•WWII
•1946-1950
•Mao Zedong and the communists win
•Chiang Kai-Shek flees to Taiwan
•Taiwan is who the US and the United Nations recognizes as
China until 1972
•Richard Nixon visits China in 1972-Detente

16. Alien Registration Act of 1940 (Smith Act)
•Made it illegal to advocate the overthrow of the U.S.
government
•Required all non-citizen adult residents to register with the
government
•Approximately 215 people were indicted under the legislation,
including alleged communists, Anarchists, and fascists
•Prosecutions under the Smith Act continued until a the
Supreme Court decision declared law unconstitutional in 1957

17. Senator Joe McCarthy

18. McCarthy and McCarthyism
•Joseph McCarthy (1908-1957) was a Republican Senator from
Wisconsin
•In 1950, he gave a speech where he claimed to have a list of
205 Communists in the State Department
•No one in the press actually saw the names on the list, but
McCarthy's announcement made national news and caused
panic throughout the country
•McCarthy became one of the most powerful people in the US

21. Supporters of McCarthy
1. Republicans
2. Catholics
3. Conservative Protestants
4. Blue-collar workers
5. Joseph and Robert Kennedy

22. McCarthy’s Downfall
•McCarthy’s downfall finally began in October 1953, when he
started to investigate “communist infiltration into the military.”
•This was the final straw for President Dwight D. Eisenhower,
who realized that McCarthy’s movement needed to be stopped
•In late 1954, the Senate voted to censure him for his conduct
and to strip him of his privileges.
•McCarthy died three years later from alcoholism.

23. McCarthyism
•The practice of making accusations of subversion or treason
without proper regard for evidence.

26. House Un-American Activities Committee
HUAC-1945-1975
•This organization went after directors and actors in Hollywood
•The committee believed that films were spreading communist
propaganda
•They set up hearings to investigate the movie industry
•Hollywood Ten
•Each man was found guilty and sentenced to spend a year in
prison and pay a $1,000 fine
•Blacklisted Directors/Actors/Actresses

27. Charlie Chaplin

28. Berlin Wall-1961

29. Why was the Wall Built?
•What did the USSR want?
•Video

31. Brandenberg Gate and Checkpoint Charlie

33. Mr. Gorbachev, Tear Down That Wall…..
June, 1987

35. Berlin Wall Comes Down-November 9, 1989

38. Bay of Pigs-April 1961

39. Fidel Castro-1959-2011

40. Bay of Pigs

41. Bay of Pigs
•What was it?
•What was it’s goals?
•What were the results?
•How did it hurt President Kennedy?

43. Cuban Missile Crisis-October, 1962

44. Brinkmanship

45. Range of Soviet Missiles Launched From Cuba

46. The Compromise
•The Soviets would remove their missiles from Cuba
•The US would promise never to invade Cuba
•The US would secretly remove our nuclear missiles from Turkey
within six months

48. Thirteen Days
• Be able to describe what
happened in the crisis.
• Be able to describe the different
choices that Kennedy had to
choose from in dealing with this
threat.
• Be able to explain the
compromise that was reached to
end the crisis.
• Be able to explain how this crisis
was an example of
brinkmanship.

49. Mikhail Gorbachev Comes to Power in USSR-1985

50. Perestroika and Glasnost-1985
• Video
• Perestroika-Restructuring of the
Soviet economy and political system
• More democracy
• Free elections
• Glasnost-More openness of the Soviet
government and for it’s people
• Free speech and press

51. INF Treaty

52. Berlin Wall Comes Down-November 9, 1989

54. What impact did the Fall of the Soviet Union and
Communism have on Europe and the World?
• 1. New countries broke out of the USSR
• -Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan,
Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan
• 2. East and West Germany re-unified in 1990
• 3. Rise of democracy and capitalism throughout Europe
• 4. Wars and Ethnic Cleansings-Yugoslavia(Serbia, Kosovo, Montenegro,
Macedonia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia)
• 5. The world became more unified and more interdependent
• 6. The rise of radical Islamic groups-Taliban, al-Qaeda
• 7. The United States emerged as the singular major power in the world

55. Boris Yeltsin-President of Russia-1991-1999

56. Discussion
•Why did the US win the Cold War?
•Why did the USSR lose the Cold War?

57. 1. We had close ties with our Allies and the USSR didn’t.
2. China started siding with us after 1972.
3. The Soviet economy was in shambles whereas the US’s was
flourishing.
1. Huge deficit
2. High inflation
3. Corruption
4. Social problems
5. Shortage of basic needs(food, housing)

58. 4. The strong anti-communist presidency of Reagan.
5. Gorbachev’s willingness for change and reform.
1. glasnost and perestroika
2. admitted Soviet mistakes
3. took blame for the Cold War
4. communist system had failed
**5. allowed Eastern Europe to do what they wanted**
6. Arms Reduction Talks
1. SALT, INF, Reagan-Gorbachev meetings

59. 7. Soviet Mistakes
-invasion of Afghanistan
-ignoring social concerns
-spent everything on military

60. Post-Cold War
•In the 1990’s, the world seemed to be a much more peaceful
place
•President Clinton closed down numerous military bases around
the country reducing the size of the US military
•9-11 caught the US off guard

61. Poland, Czech Republic and Hungary Join
NATO-1999

62. Putin New Leader in Russia-1999-2008 and 2012-
??

63. Russia vs. Ukraine-2014-15
• Ukraine wanted to join the European Union but
leader did not want to as he was Pro-Russia
• Ukrainian leader is forced out
• Russia moves troops in the Crimean Peninsula and
annexes it after Crimean voters vote to approve
annexation
• The United Nations declares this act by Russia as
illegal