This presentation will help you clearly understand what is leading. It helps Engineer manager as well as the future manager who will engage into handling people. It will help you to understand other leadership style you must needed in different situation. There are useful leadership traits need in developing effective leaders

1. C R I S T I N E J O Y E . S A N T O S
LEADING

2. TOPICS:
What is Leading?
How a Leader influence Others?
Basic of Power
The Nature of Leadership
Traits of Effective Leaders

3. Difference between Leaders and Managers

4. What is Leading?
 Leading is that management function which “involves
influencing others to engage in the work behaviours
necessary to reach organizational goals, were in one person
lead one group.
 It indicates that a person or group must assume the role
performed by leaders.

5. How Leaders influence others?
 Leaders are said to be able to influence others because of the
power they possess. Power refers to the ability of a leader to
exert force on another.
 To be able to maintain effective work engineer managers are
required to perform leadership roles.

6. POWER
POWER refers to the ability
of leader to exert force to
another.

7. Bases of Power
 Legitimate Power
 Reward Power
 Coercive Power
 Referent Power
 Expert Power

8. Legitimate Power
 It is a person who occupies a
higher position has legitimate
power over persons in lower
positions within the
organization. A supervisor, for
instance, can issue orders to
the workers in his unit.

9. Reward Power
 When a person has the ability to
give rewards to anybody who
follows orders or requests, he is
said to have reward power. It
called classify into two forms:
Material and psychic. Material
reward refers to money or other
tangible benefits, while psychic
rewards consist of recognition or
praises.

10. Coercive Power
 When a person compels another to
comply with others through
threats or punishment, he is said
to possess coercive power.
Punishment may take form of
demotion, dismissal, with holding
of promotion.

11. Expert Power
 It provides specialized information
regarding their specific line of
expertise. It is the person with
great skills in technology. AutoCAD

12. Referent Power
 When a person can get
compliances from another because
the latter would want to be
identified with the former, that
person is said to have referent
power.

13. The Nature of Leadership
 Leadership may be referred to as “the process of influencing and
supporting others to work enthusiastically toward achieving objectives.
 One cannot expect a unit or division to achieve objectives in the absence
of effective leadership. Even if a leader is present, but if he is not
functioning properly, no unit or division objectives can be expected to
be achieved.

14. Traits of Effective Leaders
 A High level of personal drive
 The desire to lead
 Personal integrity
 Self-confidence
 Analytical ability or judgement
 Knowledge of the company,
industry, or technology
 Charisma
 Creativity

15. PERSONAL DRIVE
Persons with drive are those
identified as willing to accept
responsibility, possess vigor,
initiative, persistence and health.
This is the important leadership
trait because of the possibility of
failure in every attempt to achieve
certain goals.
THE DESIRE TO LEAD
The special requirement of
leaders, because a leader with a
desire to lead will always have a
reservoir of extra efforts which
can be used whenever needed.

16. PERSONAL INTEGRITY
SELF-CONFIDENCE
A person who is regarded by
others as one has integrity possess
one trait of a leader. One who does
not have personal integrity will
have a hard time convincing his
subordinates about the necessity
of completing various tasks.
The activities of leaders require
moves that will produce the
needed outputs. The steps of
conceptualizing, organizing, and
implementing will be completed if
sustained efforts are made.

17. ANALYTICAL ABILITY
KNOWLEDGE OF THE
COMPANY, INDUSTRIOR
TECHNOLOGY
A leader with sufficient skill to
determine the root cause of the
problem may be able to help the
subordinate to improve his production.
It is the ability to face the difficulties
that prevent the completion of assigned
tasks.
A Leader who is well-informed about
his company, the industry where the
company belongs, and the technology
utilized by the industry, will be in
better position to provide directions to
his unit.

18. CHARISMA
CREATIVITY
When a person has sufficient
personal magnetism that leads to
follow his directives, this person is
said to have charisma.
It define s as “the ability to combine
existing data, experience, and
preconditions from various sources
in such way that the results will be
subjectively regarded as new,
valuable, and innovative, and as a
direct solution to an identified
problem situation.

19. HUMAN
SKILLS
DEGREE IF SKILLS NEEDED
TOP TO MANAGEMENT
MIDDLE MANAGEMENT
LOWER MANAGEMENT
CONCEPTUAL
SKILLS
TECHNICAL
SKILLS
LEADERSHIP SKILLS AND THEIR USE AT VARIOUS
MANAGEMENT LEVELS

20. Human Skills
 These skills refer to the ability of a
leader o deal with people, both
inside and outside the
organization.
 Good leaders must know how to
get along with people, motivate,
and inspire them.

21. CONCEPTUAL SKILLS
 These skills is refer to the “the
ability to think in abstract terms,
to see how parts fit together to
form the whole. A very basic
requirement for effective
implementation is a clear and well-
expressed presentation of what
must be done.

22. TECHNICAL SKILLS
 These are skills a leader must
possess to enable him to
understand and make decisions
about processes, activities, and
technology.
 An specialized knowledge to
needed perform a job.

23. BEHAVIORAL
APPROACH
According to the ways
leaders approach people
to motivate them
According to the
way leader uses
power
According to the
leader’s orientation
toward tasks and
people
Positive
Leadership
Negative
Leadership
Autocratic
Participative
Free-rein
Employee
Orientation
Task Orientation

24. According to the ways Leaders approach people to motivate them
 Positive leadership is when the
leaders approach emphasizes
rewards, the style used is positive
leadership. The reward may be
economic, like an increase in
monthly salary, or it may be
economic like membership in an
advisory committee.

25. According to the ways Leaders approach people to motivate them
 Negative leadership is when the
leader emphasized by the leader.
The punishment may take the
form of reprimand, suspension, or
dismissal

26. According to the way leader uses power
 Autocratic leaders who make a
decisions themselves, without
consulting subordinates.
Motivation takes the form of
threats, punishment, and
intimidation of all kinds.

27. According to the way leader uses power
 Participative leaders when leaders
openly invites his subordinates to
participate or share in decisions,
policy-making and operation
methods.

28. According to the way leader uses power
 Free- rein leaders is one who set
objectives and allow employees or
subordinates freedom to do
whatever it takes to accomplish
these objectives.

29. According to the leader’s orientation toward tasks and people
 Employee orientation. A leader is
said to be employee- oriented
when he considers employee as
human beings of “intrinsic
importance and with individual
and personal need to satisfy.

30. According to the leader’s orientation toward tasks and people
 Task orientation. A leader is said
to be task-oriented if he places
stress on production and the
technical aspects of the job and the
employees are viewed as the
means of getting the work done.

31. CASE STUDY
 BUENAVISTA ELECTRICAL COOPERATIVE, INC.
 Engineer Oscar Pascua was nominated and hired as a General Manager of the
National Electrification Administration (NEA) when BECI’s became vacant. Because
his performance is said to be very satisfactory. When he called the key officer of the
cooperative to a meeting, he was appraised of the following.
 1. that the price of the electricity charged to BECI’S customers is the 5th highest in the
country.
 2. that 25% of the electricity service provided by BECI’S is lost every month and cannot
accounted.
 3. requisition’s for supplies and materials are served after delays as long as three months.
 4. Some employees of the cooperative do not report regularly for work
 5. increasing amount of uncollected accounts.

32.  Three days after the meeting, he recommended to the board of the
directors the following.
1. Salary increases of up to 20% for every employee for them to motivate unto work.
2. Hiring of eight additional employees
3. The dismissal from the service of employees not regularly reporting for work.
All his recommendation were approved by the board, he made regular inspections of the
activities done by his subordinates. During the first week of March, he convened the key
officers for an evaluation of the past year’s activities. The following points were made
clear to him.

33.  1. No reduction of the price of electricity could be extended to BECI’S customers
because no reduction in the overall cost of doing business was achieved.
 2. Instead of reducing the 25% system loss, it even went up to 26%.
 3. There was no improvement in the requisition of supplies and materials. Delays still
reach three months.
 4. There is a new set of employees who do not report regularly for work.
 The amount of uncollected accounts increased from 3.8 million to 4.2 million pesos.
Engineer Pascua concluded that in spite of the granting of salary increases requested by
the rank and file, no subsequent improvement in the services was registered.

34. CONCLUSION
 Statement of the Problem. “ Eng. Pascua lack of knowledge about his
cooperative”
 He is not well-informed about his company, and the industry where his
company belongs to.
 He has no idea for the better position to provide directions to his unit.

35. ACTIVITY
TEST YOUR TECHNICAL AND CONCEPTUAL ABILITY IF YOUR CAPABLE
TO BECOME A LEADER
BRAIN TEASER

36. EXAMPLE

37. BANA NA

38. ANSWER:
BANANA SPLIT

39. CAMPING
NIGHT

40. ANSWER:
CAMPING OVER
NIGHT

41. ARREST
YOU’RE

42. ANSWER:
YOU’RE UNDER ARREST

43. E
T
A
D

44. ANSWER:
UPDATED

45. O TWONE

46. ANSWER:
TWO IN ONE

50. ANSWER:
SCRUMBLE EGGS

51. ICE³

52. ANSWER:
ICE CUBE

53. MILLIO1N

54. ANSWER:
ONE IN A MILLION

55. scope

56. ANSWER:
MICROSCOPE

70. IN PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY GOOD DOES EXIST BECAUSE OF EVIL
EXISTENCE..

75. THAT’S ALL