This document discusses organization and management. It defines organization as a system of coordinated activities of people working together toward common goals under leadership. Key elements of organization include objectives, structure, departments, and centralization of authority. Management is defined as the process of directing work through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources to achieve objectives. The document also outlines principles of good organization and management techniques like organization development and management information systems. It concludes with a brief history of organization and management studies in the Philippines.

1. ORGANIZATION AND
MANAGEMENT
Prepared by:
GEORGE RUBIO MARCA, MDA
Police Senior Inspector REE, RME
Elective : PA 101

2. INTRODUCTION
• The driving force behind every organization
is its MANAGEMENT TEAM
• There is no universal accurate management
to define the one that is best
• O and M is twin terms that exist side by side
with each other – each one needs and
support the other
• In real world of administration, O and M
are essential elements through which
human actions and objectives are carried
out and accomplished

3. ORGANIZATION
• Organizations consist of people who
more or less, share common
objectives or purpose
• Organizations use knowledge and
techniques to accomplish its goals.
• According to Scott and Mitchell as
cited in Nigro 1989, “Formal
Organizations are “A system of
coordinated activities of a group of
people working cooperatively toward
a common goal under authority and
leadership”

4. ORGANIZATION
• Formal organization are popularly
known as “BUREAUCRACY” – to carry
out its functions and perform its role
in society.
• According to Stoner and Freeman,
1989, “Informal organization
undocumented and officially
unrecognized relationships between
members of an organization that
inevitably emerged out of the
personal and group needs of
employees.”

5. ORGANIZATION
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS (5 M’s)
1. Men – members of the
organization starting from the
very top of the last workman in
the organization
2. Materials – represent the
materials necessary in the
distribution of functions or in the
attainment of its objective
3. Machine – the tools necessary in
producing its desired output

6. ORGANIZATION
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
4. Methods – the procedures
and ways used in the course
of its action
5. Money – The financial
resources of the organization

7. ORGANIZATION
PRINCIPLES OF GOOD ORGANIZATION
• Principle of Objective – must be
known, it serves as the guide to future
planning and action. It integrates
policies, projects and programs and it
enables every member to act
consistently according to common
goal.
• Analysis – study as the work could be
finished at the right time.

8. ORGANIZATION
• Simplicity – The simplest organization
that will serve to attain the desired
objective is considered the best. All
activities which are not absolutely
necessary should be eliminated, and
those retained should be handled in the
simplest practical way.
• Functionalism – The organization should
be built around the main functions and
not around the individuals.

9. ORGANIZATION
• Departmentalization – In a big
organization, the scope of operation
can be very broad, necessitating
departmentalization to achieve a flow
of operations
• Centralization of Authority and
Responsibility - in every organization
there should be centralized executive
control or command authority
• Limited Span of Control – The number
of subordinates an executive can
manage effectively.

10. MANAGEMENT
• According to Kast, 1974, management
involves the coordination human and
material resources toward the
attainment of the organization’s goal.
• Management is a process – it is the
process of directing and facilitating the
work of people who are organized for a
common purpose. It is the process of
combining the efforts and resources of
individuals with a common interest to
achieve a desired objective.

11. MANAGEMENT
• According to Stoner and freeman, 1989,
the processes includes:
1. Planning – process of establishing
objectives and appropriate courses of
action before taking action
2. Organizing – arranging an organization’s
structure
3. Leading – directing and inspiring the
personnel to perform their functions.
4. Controlling – process of motivating
actual organization activities to ensure
to move toward its objective

12. MANAGEMENT
• Management is a function – it is
an art of handling people. It is
the function of getting things
done through the efforts of
others.

13. Management Concept
1. Management to be effective must be
systematic – Things can be done better by
means of plan of action. The plan is a step
by step outline of what is to be done and
who does what.
2. Management to be successful must be
scientific – analysis of the operation or
work.
3. Management must be humanistic –
Application of good human relations “pays
off” through cooperation and coordination
leading toward the goal and objective.

14. MANAGEMENT
• Managers – According to Kast,
1974, people who are
responsible for integrating,
coordinating and directing
activities of others.

15. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
TECHNIQUES
1. Organization Development – is an
approach to planned organizational
change. It is a long term planning and it
require a higher level of functioning.
2. Management and Information System
(MIS) – Computer-based information
system that provides accurate and
timely information. It is highly
important for the effective
performance of the managerial
functions.

16. O AND M STUDIES IN THE PHILIPPINES
• The formal introduction of PA study and the
establishment of the institute, now college
of PA in the Philippines in 1952. The studies
of O and M in the Philippine government
began on a descriptive and prescriptive
note.
• According to Reyes (1995), the urgency to
address exigent administrative concern
confronting the govt during the years
following WWII. This was the period when
the Philippine government faced
tremendous administrative, political,
economic, and social problems and issues.

17. O AND M STUDIES IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Generally speaking, the studies
made by the institute during those
years were “characteristically
inward-oriented” and focused on
organization structures, functions,
processes and procedures.

18. O AND M STUDIES IN THE PHILIPPINES
• The studies dealt with wide ranging
practical issues concerning the
following:
- internal structure
- building space
- work simplification
- salary scale
- employee morale
- line of authority
- line and staff functions

19. Thank you!!!