This article shared the role of literary texts in bridging language exposure for EFL learners. This was presented in 1st International Conference on TEFL in Muhamadiah University, Purwokerto, Indonesia in 2009.
The document outlines the curriculum for the English program at the University of Puerto Rico at Humacao. It describes the vision, mission, and goals of developing students' English communication skills through various approaches and activities. The curriculum emphasizes different linguistic components at elementary and secondary levels, requiring English courses each grade with additional electives available. It aims to help students comprehend, express ideas, read and write in English while considering their native language.
This chapter discusses principles of reading and approaches to teaching reading. It covers:
1) The relationship between writing systems and speech, and controversies around whole-word vs phonics/decoding approaches.
2) Phonics/decoding advocates teaching sound-letter relationships first before meaning, while whole-word focuses on meaning over speech.
3) A universal four-phase reading program is proposed involving word, phrase, sentence and paragraph identification to develop fluency before reading books.
Teaching of est in indian conditions by r s sharmaParth Bhatt
R. S. Sharma points out the drawbacks of EST in India and suggests the changes for improvisation of EST Teaching in India. This research article offers a scope to study the pitfalls and the limitations of EST in India.
R.K. Singh argues that English should be viewed as a neutral language in India given its widespread use in business and communications. He advocates for a practical approach to teaching English that focuses on meeting students' needs and exposing them to language that is useful in their real lives. Singh outlines several points teachers should keep in mind, such as being aware of students' abilities, presenting socio-linguistic contexts, and giving opportunities to practice speaking English. He also stresses the importance of motivating learners and using flexible approaches rather than rigid methods.
This document evaluates 7 English language teaching materials used in the UK based on 4 criteria: how authentic the English exposure is, how meaningful the exposure is to learners, how interesting the texts are to learners, and how likely the activities are to provide opportunities for communication. Overall, the materials scored best on including a variety of genres and contemporary texts to interest learners, though some texts may be biased towards Western media. Exposure to authentic English increased with levels but was still limited. Later materials incorporated more personalized topics meaningful to learners and stimulated real-life language use.
This document outlines the nature and structure of language. It discusses the key components of language, including phonemes, morphemes, and syntax. It also describes some key properties of human language such as being creative, structured, meaningful, and referential. The document then provides an overview of the secondary English curriculum in the Philippines, including its goals and expectations at different grade levels. It aims to develop students' communication skills and prepare them for globalization. The scope and sequence of the language subjects are also outlined for each grade of the secondary curriculum.
The document discusses objectives for teaching English as a second language in India. It outlines fundamental functions like helping learners ask questions and use language in social settings. It also addresses categorizing languages based on functions, need analysis to determine what English is needed, and the primary aim of teaching English ability to read, write, and communicate. The roles of teachers are to identify language requirements and ensure English is used for intellectual awareness and modernization.
The document outlines the curriculum for the English program at the University of Puerto Rico at Humacao. It describes the vision, mission, and goals of developing students' English communication skills through various approaches and activities. The curriculum emphasizes different linguistic components at elementary and secondary levels, requiring English courses each grade with additional electives available. It aims to help students comprehend, express ideas, read and write in English while considering their native language.
This chapter discusses principles of reading and approaches to teaching reading. It covers:
1) The relationship between writing systems and speech, and controversies around whole-word vs phonics/decoding approaches.
2) Phonics/decoding advocates teaching sound-letter relationships first before meaning, while whole-word focuses on meaning over speech.
3) A universal four-phase reading program is proposed involving word, phrase, sentence and paragraph identification to develop fluency before reading books.
Teaching of est in indian conditions by r s sharmaParth Bhatt
R. S. Sharma points out the drawbacks of EST in India and suggests the changes for improvisation of EST Teaching in India. This research article offers a scope to study the pitfalls and the limitations of EST in India.
R.K. Singh argues that English should be viewed as a neutral language in India given its widespread use in business and communications. He advocates for a practical approach to teaching English that focuses on meeting students' needs and exposing them to language that is useful in their real lives. Singh outlines several points teachers should keep in mind, such as being aware of students' abilities, presenting socio-linguistic contexts, and giving opportunities to practice speaking English. He also stresses the importance of motivating learners and using flexible approaches rather than rigid methods.
This document evaluates 7 English language teaching materials used in the UK based on 4 criteria: how authentic the English exposure is, how meaningful the exposure is to learners, how interesting the texts are to learners, and how likely the activities are to provide opportunities for communication. Overall, the materials scored best on including a variety of genres and contemporary texts to interest learners, though some texts may be biased towards Western media. Exposure to authentic English increased with levels but was still limited. Later materials incorporated more personalized topics meaningful to learners and stimulated real-life language use.
This document outlines the nature and structure of language. It discusses the key components of language, including phonemes, morphemes, and syntax. It also describes some key properties of human language such as being creative, structured, meaningful, and referential. The document then provides an overview of the secondary English curriculum in the Philippines, including its goals and expectations at different grade levels. It aims to develop students' communication skills and prepare them for globalization. The scope and sequence of the language subjects are also outlined for each grade of the secondary curriculum.
The document discusses objectives for teaching English as a second language in India. It outlines fundamental functions like helping learners ask questions and use language in social settings. It also addresses categorizing languages based on functions, need analysis to determine what English is needed, and the primary aim of teaching English ability to read, write, and communicate. The roles of teachers are to identify language requirements and ensure English is used for intellectual awareness and modernization.
Teaching English as a second language... presentationIntellectual Look
The document discusses the topic of teaching English as a second language to students in Panama. It provides background on the history of English as a second language education, beginning in the 15th century with the British Empire. It also outlines some traditional teaching methods and discusses the importance of English in Panama today. The document focuses on teachers of English as a second language in Panama and provides an overview of techniques for teaching various language skills like grammar, vocabulary, conversation, listening, writing and pronunciation. It concludes that there are effective techniques teachers can apply to improve students' English skills and emphasizes the importance of English for professional success in Panama.
This document summarizes and evaluates English language learning materials. It discusses the similarities and differences between general English and English as a foreign language contexts. Coursebooks aim to develop language skills but may not adequately address learners' specific needs and environments. The document evaluates seven UK coursebooks and finds they contain outdated topics, idealized cultures, and an overemphasis on exercises over language use. It suggests materials could better engage learners by incorporating flexibility, relevant content, and a focus on language development rather than predetermined inputs. Developers and teachers should consider user feedback and apply learning principles to improve materials.
This document discusses various models for second/foreign language teaching including content-based and immersion models. It describes approaches like the audio-lingual method, natural approach, and content-based instruction. The key aspects of content-based language teaching are outlined along a continuum from language-driven to content-driven. Immersion education is discussed as the prototypical content-based approach, with its goals of developing language proficiency and cultural understanding while achieving grade-level academic content mastery. Theme-based and sheltered models are also summarized as types of content-based instruction.
Focusing on language content in a communicative syllabusUnggul DJatmika
This document discusses approaches to developing language course content and syllabi. It addresses the tension between discrete and holistic views of language. The key points are:
1) Course development should combine linguistic forms, notions, functions, lexis and language skills in a systematic way that provides for generalization.
2) Inventories of grammatical topics, notions, functions and sociocultural contexts should be developed to provide appropriate sequencing and cultural contextualization.
3) Both discrete and holistic views are needed, as are accuracy and fluency. Various models are proposed to integrate these elements in a communicative syllabus.
A presentation for the Materials module I am doing.
It is based on Masuhara and Tomlinson's work in, Chapter 2 of English Language Learning Materials 2008, Editor Tomlinson, Continuum.
Teaching English for science and technology (EST) in India suffers from drawbacks such as unrelated courses/methods, poor teaching materials, and underqualified teachers. To address this, EST teaching needs a new orientation focusing on student needs analysis, understanding the structure of technical English and materials, and teacher expertise in applied linguistics. Properly analyzing student profiles and equipping teachers with relevant knowledge can help improve EST education in India.
CBI: Connect Build Integrate. Part I of the 2 part workshop presented to TICE faculty on March 10, 2011. This part covers the theory behind using content-based instruction in our program.
The document discusses content-based instruction (CBI) as an approach to language teaching that integrates subject content into the language curriculum. It outlines various models of CBI and examines its implementation in a medical English program at Universidad del Norte in Colombia. Results from the program showed that CBI improved students' language skills and subject knowledge while also increasing their motivation and self-confidence.
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) aims to promote effective communication and language use. It began in the 1960s as a reaction against traditional grammar-based teaching. Some key principles of CLT are that the goal is to enable students to communicate in the target language, the teacher acts as a facilitator of learning activities that promote student interaction, and students learn by negotiating meaning in authentic contexts.
This document discusses the content-based approach to language learning. It begins by stating that the content-based approach uses authentic texts and subjects that are meaningful to students. It emphasizes becoming independent learners through holistic and global methods. The approach integrates language skills through task-based learning and contextualized grammar instruction. It relies on a subject matter core and uses the target language. Teachers act as facilitators, varying instruction and developing student participation, while learners become autonomous, support each other, and explore learning strategies. Materials aid comprehensibility in content-based learning.
The document discusses the nature and characteristics of the English language, as well as its role and objectives in the Indian school curriculum. It outlines the three language formula recommended by the Education Commission of 1964-66, which suggests teaching a regional language, Hindi, and English at different grade levels. The objectives of teaching English as a first language focus more on literary development and appreciation, while the objectives of teaching English as a third language emphasize developing practical communication skills for personal, academic and professional use.
Sample Lesson Plan in Content-Based Integration - Filipino (Education)Anjenette Columnas
Parts of a content-based integrated lesson plan.
It also discusses about Content-Based Instruction and Integrative Learning Approach
Relies on my photocopy for slide 10.
And the language used are English and Filipino, since our course subject use English as a language and instruction and my topic for this ppt is in Filipino, so I used both languages.
The nature, goals, and sequence of English And Filipino Languagechristopher Geaga
This document discusses the goals and content of language subjects like English and Filipino in basic education. It notes that students spend thousands of hours learning these languages from grades 1 through 4, yet there remains a prevalence of non-readers. The two language subjects are described as tool subjects, and proficiency is basic to academic performance. Six unique properties of language are also outlined. The purpose of teaching language is for students to gain ownership of social practices and participate effectively in life through organizing thought, analyzing problems, and accessing cultural expressions. Goals in English and Filipino are then discussed, followed by the scope and sequence of language subjects which includes listening, speaking, reading and writing.
Teaching of English: A Plea for Practical AttitudeParth Bhatt
English Teaching requires a practical attitude. How teachers should be adaptable to change! How does a teacher should implement a flexible approach to teach English in India, a multilingual nation. This presentation reflects the highlights to improve teacher's approach and make a learning environment more learner centered. Communication and it's importance, role of motivation and so on..
This document discusses content-based instruction (CBI), a method of language instruction that integrates content and language learning rather than separating them. CBI focuses on using content from a subject area as the vehicle for developing language skills. The key features of CBI are that it uses authentic texts and materials from a content area as the core material for instruction, has the dual goals of developing both content knowledge and language skills, and requires students to use the target language. CBI has been shown to be effective for language learners of various ages and backgrounds.
Content based instruction: making the most of authentic materialsPhilip Saxon
This talk was given at an IATEFL-Hungary BESIG "Creative Café" session on Friday, 2nd December. It outlines the Content Based Instruction approach to teaching languages, with a particular focus on the use of authentic texts. The audience is then invited to reflect on alternative ways of implementing the approach.
Content-Based Instruction:Teaching Methods and StrategiesLara Mae Ebora
Content-based instruction focuses on teaching language through academic content. It uses three main methods: grammar-translation which focuses on rules and translation; direct method which uses only the target language; and audio-lingual which drills grammar through memorization without explicit instruction. Content-based instruction also uses learning activities to improve language skills, build vocabulary, develop discourse skills, and foster communication and study strategies. It aims to develop both declarative knowledge of content and procedural language knowledge as a tool for learning, as well as teaching learning strategies to promote learner autonomy.
- Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) uses a child's mother tongue as the medium of instruction in early primary school to aid language development and learning.
- International studies show that using a child's home language in school improves learning outcomes and makes acquiring additional languages like Filipino and English easier.
- MTB-MLE has benefits like reduced dropout rates, increased attendance, participation, and literacy. It promotes understanding and a better learning process.
- The Department of Education promotes MTB-MLE using 12 major regional languages in the Philippines and additional languages have since been added.
The document discusses the difference between summary and analysis in academic writing. Summary involves concisely restating the key points of a text, but should be limited as it does not provide an original argument. Analysis requires breaking down a text and making an argument about how its parts work together to convey an overall meaning or theme. To write more analytically, writers should form their own thesis and use evidence from the text to support it rather than simply recounting plot points or arguments. The document provides strategies for writers to avoid relying too heavily on summary, such as developing an original argument, reading critically, and ensuring topic sentences and paragraphs analyze rather than describe.
El documento describe las partes principales de un torno, incluyendo el husillo principal, mandril, palancas de control de avance, manivelas de los carros longitudinal y transversal, torreta portaherramientas, husillo guía y bancada. También menciona palancas para seleccionar roscas, selector de velocidad, palancas de caja de velocidades y otros componentes.
Teaching English as a second language... presentationIntellectual Look
The document discusses the topic of teaching English as a second language to students in Panama. It provides background on the history of English as a second language education, beginning in the 15th century with the British Empire. It also outlines some traditional teaching methods and discusses the importance of English in Panama today. The document focuses on teachers of English as a second language in Panama and provides an overview of techniques for teaching various language skills like grammar, vocabulary, conversation, listening, writing and pronunciation. It concludes that there are effective techniques teachers can apply to improve students' English skills and emphasizes the importance of English for professional success in Panama.
This document summarizes and evaluates English language learning materials. It discusses the similarities and differences between general English and English as a foreign language contexts. Coursebooks aim to develop language skills but may not adequately address learners' specific needs and environments. The document evaluates seven UK coursebooks and finds they contain outdated topics, idealized cultures, and an overemphasis on exercises over language use. It suggests materials could better engage learners by incorporating flexibility, relevant content, and a focus on language development rather than predetermined inputs. Developers and teachers should consider user feedback and apply learning principles to improve materials.
This document discusses various models for second/foreign language teaching including content-based and immersion models. It describes approaches like the audio-lingual method, natural approach, and content-based instruction. The key aspects of content-based language teaching are outlined along a continuum from language-driven to content-driven. Immersion education is discussed as the prototypical content-based approach, with its goals of developing language proficiency and cultural understanding while achieving grade-level academic content mastery. Theme-based and sheltered models are also summarized as types of content-based instruction.
Focusing on language content in a communicative syllabusUnggul DJatmika
This document discusses approaches to developing language course content and syllabi. It addresses the tension between discrete and holistic views of language. The key points are:
1) Course development should combine linguistic forms, notions, functions, lexis and language skills in a systematic way that provides for generalization.
2) Inventories of grammatical topics, notions, functions and sociocultural contexts should be developed to provide appropriate sequencing and cultural contextualization.
3) Both discrete and holistic views are needed, as are accuracy and fluency. Various models are proposed to integrate these elements in a communicative syllabus.
A presentation for the Materials module I am doing.
It is based on Masuhara and Tomlinson's work in, Chapter 2 of English Language Learning Materials 2008, Editor Tomlinson, Continuum.
Teaching English for science and technology (EST) in India suffers from drawbacks such as unrelated courses/methods, poor teaching materials, and underqualified teachers. To address this, EST teaching needs a new orientation focusing on student needs analysis, understanding the structure of technical English and materials, and teacher expertise in applied linguistics. Properly analyzing student profiles and equipping teachers with relevant knowledge can help improve EST education in India.
CBI: Connect Build Integrate. Part I of the 2 part workshop presented to TICE faculty on March 10, 2011. This part covers the theory behind using content-based instruction in our program.
The document discusses content-based instruction (CBI) as an approach to language teaching that integrates subject content into the language curriculum. It outlines various models of CBI and examines its implementation in a medical English program at Universidad del Norte in Colombia. Results from the program showed that CBI improved students' language skills and subject knowledge while also increasing their motivation and self-confidence.
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) aims to promote effective communication and language use. It began in the 1960s as a reaction against traditional grammar-based teaching. Some key principles of CLT are that the goal is to enable students to communicate in the target language, the teacher acts as a facilitator of learning activities that promote student interaction, and students learn by negotiating meaning in authentic contexts.
This document discusses the content-based approach to language learning. It begins by stating that the content-based approach uses authentic texts and subjects that are meaningful to students. It emphasizes becoming independent learners through holistic and global methods. The approach integrates language skills through task-based learning and contextualized grammar instruction. It relies on a subject matter core and uses the target language. Teachers act as facilitators, varying instruction and developing student participation, while learners become autonomous, support each other, and explore learning strategies. Materials aid comprehensibility in content-based learning.
The document discusses the nature and characteristics of the English language, as well as its role and objectives in the Indian school curriculum. It outlines the three language formula recommended by the Education Commission of 1964-66, which suggests teaching a regional language, Hindi, and English at different grade levels. The objectives of teaching English as a first language focus more on literary development and appreciation, while the objectives of teaching English as a third language emphasize developing practical communication skills for personal, academic and professional use.
Sample Lesson Plan in Content-Based Integration - Filipino (Education)Anjenette Columnas
Parts of a content-based integrated lesson plan.
It also discusses about Content-Based Instruction and Integrative Learning Approach
Relies on my photocopy for slide 10.
And the language used are English and Filipino, since our course subject use English as a language and instruction and my topic for this ppt is in Filipino, so I used both languages.
The nature, goals, and sequence of English And Filipino Languagechristopher Geaga
This document discusses the goals and content of language subjects like English and Filipino in basic education. It notes that students spend thousands of hours learning these languages from grades 1 through 4, yet there remains a prevalence of non-readers. The two language subjects are described as tool subjects, and proficiency is basic to academic performance. Six unique properties of language are also outlined. The purpose of teaching language is for students to gain ownership of social practices and participate effectively in life through organizing thought, analyzing problems, and accessing cultural expressions. Goals in English and Filipino are then discussed, followed by the scope and sequence of language subjects which includes listening, speaking, reading and writing.
Teaching of English: A Plea for Practical AttitudeParth Bhatt
English Teaching requires a practical attitude. How teachers should be adaptable to change! How does a teacher should implement a flexible approach to teach English in India, a multilingual nation. This presentation reflects the highlights to improve teacher's approach and make a learning environment more learner centered. Communication and it's importance, role of motivation and so on..
This document discusses content-based instruction (CBI), a method of language instruction that integrates content and language learning rather than separating them. CBI focuses on using content from a subject area as the vehicle for developing language skills. The key features of CBI are that it uses authentic texts and materials from a content area as the core material for instruction, has the dual goals of developing both content knowledge and language skills, and requires students to use the target language. CBI has been shown to be effective for language learners of various ages and backgrounds.
Content based instruction: making the most of authentic materialsPhilip Saxon
This talk was given at an IATEFL-Hungary BESIG "Creative Café" session on Friday, 2nd December. It outlines the Content Based Instruction approach to teaching languages, with a particular focus on the use of authentic texts. The audience is then invited to reflect on alternative ways of implementing the approach.
Content-Based Instruction:Teaching Methods and StrategiesLara Mae Ebora
Content-based instruction focuses on teaching language through academic content. It uses three main methods: grammar-translation which focuses on rules and translation; direct method which uses only the target language; and audio-lingual which drills grammar through memorization without explicit instruction. Content-based instruction also uses learning activities to improve language skills, build vocabulary, develop discourse skills, and foster communication and study strategies. It aims to develop both declarative knowledge of content and procedural language knowledge as a tool for learning, as well as teaching learning strategies to promote learner autonomy.
- Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) uses a child's mother tongue as the medium of instruction in early primary school to aid language development and learning.
- International studies show that using a child's home language in school improves learning outcomes and makes acquiring additional languages like Filipino and English easier.
- MTB-MLE has benefits like reduced dropout rates, increased attendance, participation, and literacy. It promotes understanding and a better learning process.
- The Department of Education promotes MTB-MLE using 12 major regional languages in the Philippines and additional languages have since been added.
The document discusses the difference between summary and analysis in academic writing. Summary involves concisely restating the key points of a text, but should be limited as it does not provide an original argument. Analysis requires breaking down a text and making an argument about how its parts work together to convey an overall meaning or theme. To write more analytically, writers should form their own thesis and use evidence from the text to support it rather than simply recounting plot points or arguments. The document provides strategies for writers to avoid relying too heavily on summary, such as developing an original argument, reading critically, and ensuring topic sentences and paragraphs analyze rather than describe.
El documento describe las partes principales de un torno, incluyendo el husillo principal, mandril, palancas de control de avance, manivelas de los carros longitudinal y transversal, torreta portaherramientas, husillo guía y bancada. También menciona palancas para seleccionar roscas, selector de velocidad, palancas de caja de velocidades y otros componentes.
The document provides guidance for students on planning and completing a non-literary coursework assignment. It lists several non-literary genres that could be chosen, such as travel writing, reviews, reports, or editorials. Students are instructed to carefully plan their piece by considering the genre, audience, and purpose. They are given a planning template to organize their ideas. Peer review and researching examples of their chosen genre are also assigned as tasks to help students strengthen their own non-literary writing.
The curriculum map outlines the English curriculum for Grade 4 students at San Antonio de Padua College in Pila, Laguna for the first quarter. It includes topics like nouns, vocabulary development, listening comprehension, reading comprehension, oral reading fluency, oral language, grammar, writing composition, study strategies, and developing a positive attitude. The curriculum aims to help students understand parts of speech, communicate effectively, comprehend texts, and develop literacy skills through various activities and assessments.
It is a powerpoint presentation that discusses about the lesson or topic: Kinds of Text. It also talks about the definition and different characteristics and types of Text and Examples.
The document discusses several key aspects of literary text analysis, including the verbal and supraverbal layers, poetic structure, principles of representation, and components of poetic structure. The verbal layer consists of words, phrases, sentences, etc., while the supraverbal layer emerges from these sequences to represent events, conflicts, and the author's message. Poetic structure coheres the verbal and supraverbal layers. Principles of representation in literature include incomplete representation, analogy/contrast, and recurrence. Components of poetic structure discussed are images, themes, ideas, composition, plot, genre, and style.
This document defines and explains key literary elements used to analyze stories, including:
- Title - Focuses the reader's attention or hints at the author's purpose
- Theme - The main idea or message of the story
- Setting - When and where the story takes place
- Plot - The sequence of events including an exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution
- Characters - People in the story including main and minor characters as well as protagonists and antagonists
- Conflict - The central problem or struggle in the story which can be internal or external.
This document discusses the importance of considering context when analyzing literary texts. It defines context as the circumstances surrounding a text that help specify its meaning, such as historical, cultural, and social factors. Understanding context is important because external forces influence how works are received and understood. However, determining what contextual information is necessary can be difficult. The document also notes that readers are part of the context, as their experiences and biases shape how meaning is communicated. Key aspects of context include the author's life and times, as well as broader cultural, political, and aesthetic concerns of the period.
This document discusses various theories and perspectives related to translation theory, and their application to non-literary texts. It covers linguistic, cultural, philosophical, and postcolonial approaches. The document aims to provide an outline of translation theories in the 20th century, show how they apply to non-literary texts, and demonstrate how translation practice can benefit from theory.
This document provides information about informational text features that help readers find information in nonfiction books. It focuses on the table of contents and index. The table of contents is at the beginning of the book and lists the main chapters or topics and the page numbers. The index is at the back of the book, is in alphabetical order, and lists specific topics and the pages where information about those topics can be found. The document guides students through activities to work with these features in their books and reflect on how they help with research.
An Example Of Literary Translation By Dr. Shadia Yousef BanjarDr. Shadia Banjar
The document discusses the differences between literary and non-literary texts. Literary texts come from the realm of imagination, while non-literary texts deal with facts and reality. Literature includes poetry, fiction, and drama in its various forms. The document then discusses how literary works require translation compared to non-literary works, providing an example translation of an excerpt from the poem "The Deserted Village".
Postcolonial theory examines life after foreign colonial rule. It considers the history of colonialism from the 15th-20th centuries when European powers established colonies in other continents and exploited the indigenous populations. Key aspects of colonialism included extending political rule beyond national borders, economically restructuring colonies, and asserting cultural dominance through ideas of European superiority. Postcolonial theory seeks to give voice to subaltern or marginalized groups that were denied agency under colonial systems and to challenge the lingering effects of Western imperialism.
This document summarizes the major periods and developments in English literature from Old English to the 20th century. It covers Old English literature from 600-1100 CE including Beowulf. Middle English literature from 1100-1500 CE is dominated by Geoffrey Chaucer and his work Canterbury Tales. Elizabethan literature from 1558-1603 CE includes plays by William Shakespeare and poems by Edmund Spenser. The Age of Milton in the 17th century featured John Milton's epic poem Paradise Lost. Neoclassicism of the late 17th/early 18th century was guided by reason and fixed rules, exemplified by John Dryden and Alexander Pope. Romanticism of the 19th century emphasized personal feelings and nature, including poets
Postcolonialism theory examines the oppression experienced by colonized peoples and societies. It addresses factors like political, economic, social, cultural and psychological oppression imposed by colonial powers. Major postcolonial theorists include Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, and Frantz Fanon. They analyzed how colonizers imposed their values on colonized groups, influenced identities, and resisted colonial rule. Postcolonial criticism now examines themes like hybridity, exile, and double consciousness in former colonies' literature and culture.
This document provides an overview of the history of English literature from the Old English period through modern times. It outlines the major periods and authors, including Beowulf in the Old English period, Chaucer and the Canterbury Tales in the Middle English period, Shakespeare in the Elizabethan era, Milton's Paradise Lost in the 17th century, the Romantic era with Blake and Wordsworth, Victorian authors like Dickens and Doyle, and modernists like Joyce and Woolf. The history shows the evolution of English literature over hundreds of years through conquests, translations, and cultural movements.
This document provides an introduction to literature in English, covering key topics such as the definition of literature, importance of literature, kinds of literature (fiction and non-fiction), and elements of fiction such as setting, plot, characters, theme, style and language. It defines literature as written works valued as artworks, especially novels, plays and poems. The importance of literature is that it improves language skills, provides information about other cultures, and entertains readers.
The document provides an overview of the major periods in English literature from Old English to the Modern period. It summarizes the key historical events, literary movements, and important authors that defined each period, such as Beowulf in Old English, Chaucer in Middle English, Shakespeare in the Elizabethan period, and T.S. Eliot in the Modern period. Major genres and works that emerged are also mentioned for each literary time period outlined.
Introduction to Literature (Poetry, Drama, Prose)Dian Fadhilawati
This document defines and discusses different genres of literature including prose, poetry, and drama. It provides definitions of prose as ordinary written language, poetry as language written with rhythm and imagery, and drama as a story meant to be performed. The document also outlines different types of poetry such as concrete poems, narrative poems, and lyric poems. It discusses elements of stories like setting, characters, and plot. Finally, it provides examples of fiction and non-fiction genres.
Text features are parts of text that draw attention to important information. Some common text features include headings, titles, photographs, illustrations, captions, bold and italic text, and other graphic elements. Headings introduce topics and are often in bold or large print. Titles tell what a piece of writing is mostly about. Photographs and illustrations help readers understand concepts, while captions explain what is in pictures. Bold and italic text can signal important or new information. Learning to identify these various text features helps readers understand and get more from what they are reading.
Florendo, melania approaches in teaching language& literatureMelaniaAbajaFlorendo
This document discusses different approaches to using literature with language learners:
1. The language-based approach uses literary texts as a tool to build language skills rather than focusing solely on literary analysis. It provides stimulating language activities that allow students to appreciate literary texts on a deeper level.
2. The stylistic approach involves close analysis of linguistic features in a text to understand how meaning is conveyed and arrive at interpretations. It helps students use their language knowledge to understand literature while expanding their overall language awareness.
3. The paraphrastic approach simplifies texts through paraphrasing, simplifying language, or translation to make the original meaning clearer.
The document also discusses using literature as content to teach about
This document discusses reasons for teaching English as a foreign language in primary school. It argues that starting foreign language education as early as ages 5-7 allows students to spend more total years learning the language. Additionally, linking English teaching to primary school subjects like math, science, history and art can motivate students and reinforce their conceptual development in other areas. The document provides examples of how topics from the primary curriculum can be explored to help students learn English vocabulary and communication through hands-on activities.
The document discusses content-based instruction (CBI) as an approach to teaching a second language. CBI uses information from academic subjects as the basis for language lessons rather than focusing solely on linguistic skills. It has several key principles: students learn a second language more effectively when using it to acquire academic content; CBI aligns with learners' needs; and it integrates language and subject learning. The document also reviews different types of CBI, its rationale, observations of CBI principles in practice, and techniques used in CBI like dictogloss, graphic organizers, and process writing.
How a teacher presents information and motivates students to talk in English can seriously decide the efficiency of an English class; therefore, teachers need to explore sufficient approaches to stimulate students to talk. Coaching students to be involved in the process of communication can greatly satisfy individualized English learning. The author here will analyze teaching speaking based on multimodality and put forward some suggestions for English learners and teachers.
Many students find it hard to acquire and convey messages due to the lack of mastery in vocabulary. Since vocabulary plays a major role as the basic requirement to learning a language, its mastery became vital in learning English. On the other hand, lack of vocabulary impedes students’ understanding in reading comprehension texts especially in second language classrooms. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to obtain information regarding the effectiveness of using flip book in increasing Year 3 pupils’ mastery of vocabulary in English. This study investigated the use of flip book approach in helping the students to improve vocabulary through fun and meaningful learning. 15 participants were involved in the action research who were selected from a suburban school in Malaysia. Survey, written documents and field notes were used as the medium of data collection. The results showed significant positive changes in the performance of the students from time to time. Flip book approach was found to help the weak students who faced problems in understanding the meaning of the vocabulary taught in the classrooms. This study suggests that students need to enhance the mastery of the vocabulary in order to have a good grasp of the language including the four skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing.