This chapter discusses principles of reading and approaches to teaching reading. It covers:
1) The relationship between writing systems and speech, and controversies around whole-word vs phonics/decoding approaches.
2) Phonics/decoding advocates teaching sound-letter relationships first before meaning, while whole-word focuses on meaning over speech.
3) A universal four-phase reading program is proposed involving word, phrase, sentence and paragraph identification to develop fluency before reading books.
Tets types
Language Aptitude Test
Proficiency Tests
Placement Tests
Diagnostic Tests
Achievement Tests
Language Aptitude Test
Is designed to measure capacity or general ability to learn a foreign language and ultimate success in that undertaking. Language aptitude tests are ostensibly designed to apply to the classroom learning of any language. Two standardized aptitude tests have been used in the USA: the Modern Language Aptitude Test (MLAT) (Carroll and Sapon, 1958) and the Pimsleur Language Aptitude Battery (PLAB) (Pimsleur, 1966). Both are English language tests and require students to perform a number of Language-related tasks.
Analyzes the factors that affect Second Language Acquisition.
Compare the existence or the applicability of such factors in Children and adult.
Discuss both children and adult SLA.
Types of tests: proficiency, achievement, diagnostic, placement
Types of testing: direct vs indirect tests, discrete point vs integrative tests, criterion-referenced vs norm-referenced tests, objective vs subjective tests
Tets types
Language Aptitude Test
Proficiency Tests
Placement Tests
Diagnostic Tests
Achievement Tests
Language Aptitude Test
Is designed to measure capacity or general ability to learn a foreign language and ultimate success in that undertaking. Language aptitude tests are ostensibly designed to apply to the classroom learning of any language. Two standardized aptitude tests have been used in the USA: the Modern Language Aptitude Test (MLAT) (Carroll and Sapon, 1958) and the Pimsleur Language Aptitude Battery (PLAB) (Pimsleur, 1966). Both are English language tests and require students to perform a number of Language-related tasks.
Analyzes the factors that affect Second Language Acquisition.
Compare the existence or the applicability of such factors in Children and adult.
Discuss both children and adult SLA.
Types of tests: proficiency, achievement, diagnostic, placement
Types of testing: direct vs indirect tests, discrete point vs integrative tests, criterion-referenced vs norm-referenced tests, objective vs subjective tests
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
3. •Focus of this chapter is on nature and teaching
of reading
Principles of reading
1. Writing system and speech
2. The whole-word vs. phonics/decoding controversy
3. A universal four-phase reading program
4. 1.1 writing system based on speech
sound
-Writing is to present spoken word of
language
Writing is based on sound
meaning
orthography
Writing system and speech
5. Writing system and speech
a) Phoneme or syllables: each symbol represent a sound or
phoneme or syllable. There are many script or alphabet to
represent the sounds.
e.g. Cyrillic alphabet in Russia and etc.
most of these sounds are related to their orthography forms.
b) The unpredictable of English orthography: the English is not
consistent.
_ why English orthography poorly represents English phonemes?
Because the base of English is Latin and there are fewer
phonemes. So English had to make adaptation in order to suits
its language.
The adaptation of English:
1) A letter could be assign more than one sound. More on vowels.
2) The failure of English spelling to reflect the changes that the
spoken language has undergone.
6. Writing system and speech
The origin of English alphabet:
The origin of Roman alphabet lie with the Semitic peoples in the
middle east thousands of years ago. The Phoenicians adapted it to
their needs and then carried that alphabet to Greek, from where
it travelled to Rome. Both the Greek and then the Romans made
adaptation to suit their languages.
For example letter A went from the Semitic name aleph, to the
Greek alpha, to the Roman ah and the English a.
7. Writing system and speech
c) Meaning (morpheme):
Chinese and Japanese have the system which the symbols represents the
morphemes.
For example, kowtow is a Japanese word. It mean kneel and touch the
ground with one’s forehead.
8. The whole-word vs.
phonics/decoding controversy
Long-standing pervades reading theory and teaching methods concern what
The focus of learning should be.
Whole-word: advocate that focus be on meaning
Phonic/decoding: advocate that focus must be on speech and phoneme
Both goal is children’s reading fluently
9. Phonic/decoding approach
Nature of reading according to phonic/decoding:
Reading convert written word form of language to speech form. And
reading is the ability to decode reading materials into speech. They
believe that there is a meaning after speech.
they want children first learn the sound and letter combination, then
they would be able to read by decoding words. It means that children
must be able to decode written form into the phonemic form.
Supporting research evidence for phonic/decoding is sparse.
Most of the researchers know phonic better than whole-word. They
observe that children’s reading improve, but, Are they able to
recognize the meaning?
11. Whole-word approach
What should be done in teaching whole-word approach:
1. teaching reading should focuses on meaning and communication
and not on speech
2. Fluent readers use a whole-word strategy
3. Children learn to segment their native language, morphemically,
syntactically, and phonologically, by induction
4. Research evidence in support of learning letter-sound value by
induction
5. Learning to discriminate individual letter shapes: best in word
6. Reading should involve only meaningful words, phrases, and
sentences
7. Reading should not depending on teaching new language or new
concepts
8. Reading should be based on speech understanding and not on
speech production
9. Reading should not depend on the teaching of writing
10. Learning to read should be enjoyable
12. A universal four-phase reading programme
1. Word familiarization
2. Word identification
3. Phrase and sentence identification
4. Paragraph, stories, and book reading
Then the researchers recognize that a child is ready to read when
the child can understand spoken words
So early reading is good