this Paper discuss that a transition energy can be reached by the lining streaming of Supply, Demand, Infrastructure, Commerciality and regulation. However, any transitional energy has to consider the technology, existing power generation and the ability to absorb and competitiveness
Study about Germany’s efforts to implement the energy transition is summarized in the book “Energy Transition in Nutshell: 8 Q & A on the German Energy Transition and Its Relevance for Indonesia”
Conferencia de Jeffrey Sachs en Madrid el 28 de mayo de 2019, en la jornada "La transformación ineludible: investigación e innovación para acelerar el cumplimiento de la Agenda 2030"
My presentation at the "Third Annual Conference of the Transatlantic University Collaboration for Climate and Energy Law" on 28 April 2021 in Oslo https://www.jus.uio.no/nifs/english/research/events/2021/04-28-tucccel.html
Transition from coal fire power generation to renewable energy for public.pptxSampe Purba
the global and national fact sheet shows, despite the campaign to renewable energy, the dependence on fossil based energy is the reality. Every country needs to make a comprehensive assessment in line to its national interest, without leaving the responsibility as global citizen sharing the same universe.
Study about Germany’s efforts to implement the energy transition is summarized in the book “Energy Transition in Nutshell: 8 Q & A on the German Energy Transition and Its Relevance for Indonesia”
Conferencia de Jeffrey Sachs en Madrid el 28 de mayo de 2019, en la jornada "La transformación ineludible: investigación e innovación para acelerar el cumplimiento de la Agenda 2030"
My presentation at the "Third Annual Conference of the Transatlantic University Collaboration for Climate and Energy Law" on 28 April 2021 in Oslo https://www.jus.uio.no/nifs/english/research/events/2021/04-28-tucccel.html
Transition from coal fire power generation to renewable energy for public.pptxSampe Purba
the global and national fact sheet shows, despite the campaign to renewable energy, the dependence on fossil based energy is the reality. Every country needs to make a comprehensive assessment in line to its national interest, without leaving the responsibility as global citizen sharing the same universe.
After multiple discussions around the world, this is an emerging view on the future of energy that is being shared for further comment and feedback. Events in London, Dubai, Shanghai, Delhi and New York have explored key drivers of change. Other events elsewhere have added in additional perspectives.
Oracle Report Reveals the Need for an Energy Revolution to meet 2050 Vision of a Low Carbon Economy. The Research, conducted by The Future Laboratory and involving a global panel of experts, highlights the electricity issues that must be addressed and the trends that will combine to make the smart grid and smart energy a reality.
Energy security of India and the problems our country is facing and most importantly why they are facing. Also gives a brief as to how our government is taking steps to eradicate those problems. Discusses the various policy options that our government is planning.
Today it's easy to start using your existing wind / solar power to become a producer of clean green hydrogen - so you can produce, distribute and sell the hydrogen at the highest bidder - and thus creating a second revenue stream from your renewable power generation - extremely interesting when the guaranteed feed-in tarif comes to an end!
This presentation is an introduction to the sustainable energy challenge. It gives an overview over fossil fuels, the laws of energy, energy efficiency and conservation, and renewable energy sources. The focus is on providing students with the scientific tools for understanding the magnitude of the challenge and analyzing potential solutions.
Electricity Markets Regulation - Lesson 8 - PricingLeonardo ENERGY
Once the revenue requirements are established they should be converted into tariff systems. This session explains the major economic principles of electricity pricing and the general pricing models using average and marginal costs. Moreover the session explores the major pricing models for the electricity activities including: generation, transmission, distribution and retail activities.
* Pricing principles : economic efficiency - cost recovery
* General pricing models : average cost pricing - marginal cost pricing
* Cost allocation issue
* Pricing for different activities in the electricity industry : generation pricing - transmission pricing - distribution pricing - retail supply pricing
Hydrogen Energy has a production process represented by different colors. This means that Hydrogen Energy can be produced with different energy sources.
These; It can be classified as Gray Hydrogen produced with fossil fuels, Blue Hydrogen produced with natural gas, Turquoise Hydrogen obtained by thermal cracking of methane, which is still in the experimental stage, and Green Hydrogen obtained by renewable energy.
Green Hydrogen is seen as an opportunity both to fulfill the commitments of the Paris Climate Agreement and to solve the world's energy problem.
The Asia CCUS Network has been successfully launched on 22-23 June 2021 with initially 13 countries (all ASEAN member countries, the United States, Australia, and Japan) and more than 100 international organisations, companies, financial and research institutions that share the vision of CCUS development throughout the Asian region.
The Network members have expressed their intention to participate to share the vision of the Asia CCUS Network that aims to contribute to the decarbonisation of emissions in Asia through collaboration and cooperation on development and deployment of CCUS.
The Asia CCUS Network provides opportunities for countries in the region to work and collaborate on the low emission technology partnership that will eventually help to build countries’ capability to lower the cost of CCUS technology and its deployment through the collaboration of research and innovation.
At the 2nd Asia CCUS Network (ACN) Knowledge Sharing Conference, the Asia CCUS Network is very pleased to invite experts from the Department of Energy, United States of America (USDOE) to share their insights and experiences about CCUS development and policy to support the deployment of CCUS technology.
The ACN will be an active forum to bridge the knowledge gap on CCUS technologies, policy development to support the development and deployment of CCUS in Asia. Thus, this conference hosted in collaboration with IEA will help to bring in update knowledge, opportunity for investment in CCUS in Asia.
Reassessment energy transition to the right trackSampe Purba
this presentation discuss that the energy mix policy should be based on the needs of a nation to the best interest of the people. the competitiveness of domestic primary energy, affordability to the people, infrastructure and priority of a state. that's the essence of energy independence and sovereignty
Case study for enabling net metering as a means of broadening a nations energy mix and facilitating increased investment in the renewable energy sector
After multiple discussions around the world, this is an emerging view on the future of energy that is being shared for further comment and feedback. Events in London, Dubai, Shanghai, Delhi and New York have explored key drivers of change. Other events elsewhere have added in additional perspectives.
Oracle Report Reveals the Need for an Energy Revolution to meet 2050 Vision of a Low Carbon Economy. The Research, conducted by The Future Laboratory and involving a global panel of experts, highlights the electricity issues that must be addressed and the trends that will combine to make the smart grid and smart energy a reality.
Energy security of India and the problems our country is facing and most importantly why they are facing. Also gives a brief as to how our government is taking steps to eradicate those problems. Discusses the various policy options that our government is planning.
Today it's easy to start using your existing wind / solar power to become a producer of clean green hydrogen - so you can produce, distribute and sell the hydrogen at the highest bidder - and thus creating a second revenue stream from your renewable power generation - extremely interesting when the guaranteed feed-in tarif comes to an end!
This presentation is an introduction to the sustainable energy challenge. It gives an overview over fossil fuels, the laws of energy, energy efficiency and conservation, and renewable energy sources. The focus is on providing students with the scientific tools for understanding the magnitude of the challenge and analyzing potential solutions.
Electricity Markets Regulation - Lesson 8 - PricingLeonardo ENERGY
Once the revenue requirements are established they should be converted into tariff systems. This session explains the major economic principles of electricity pricing and the general pricing models using average and marginal costs. Moreover the session explores the major pricing models for the electricity activities including: generation, transmission, distribution and retail activities.
* Pricing principles : economic efficiency - cost recovery
* General pricing models : average cost pricing - marginal cost pricing
* Cost allocation issue
* Pricing for different activities in the electricity industry : generation pricing - transmission pricing - distribution pricing - retail supply pricing
Hydrogen Energy has a production process represented by different colors. This means that Hydrogen Energy can be produced with different energy sources.
These; It can be classified as Gray Hydrogen produced with fossil fuels, Blue Hydrogen produced with natural gas, Turquoise Hydrogen obtained by thermal cracking of methane, which is still in the experimental stage, and Green Hydrogen obtained by renewable energy.
Green Hydrogen is seen as an opportunity both to fulfill the commitments of the Paris Climate Agreement and to solve the world's energy problem.
The Asia CCUS Network has been successfully launched on 22-23 June 2021 with initially 13 countries (all ASEAN member countries, the United States, Australia, and Japan) and more than 100 international organisations, companies, financial and research institutions that share the vision of CCUS development throughout the Asian region.
The Network members have expressed their intention to participate to share the vision of the Asia CCUS Network that aims to contribute to the decarbonisation of emissions in Asia through collaboration and cooperation on development and deployment of CCUS.
The Asia CCUS Network provides opportunities for countries in the region to work and collaborate on the low emission technology partnership that will eventually help to build countries’ capability to lower the cost of CCUS technology and its deployment through the collaboration of research and innovation.
At the 2nd Asia CCUS Network (ACN) Knowledge Sharing Conference, the Asia CCUS Network is very pleased to invite experts from the Department of Energy, United States of America (USDOE) to share their insights and experiences about CCUS development and policy to support the deployment of CCUS technology.
The ACN will be an active forum to bridge the knowledge gap on CCUS technologies, policy development to support the development and deployment of CCUS in Asia. Thus, this conference hosted in collaboration with IEA will help to bring in update knowledge, opportunity for investment in CCUS in Asia.
Reassessment energy transition to the right trackSampe Purba
this presentation discuss that the energy mix policy should be based on the needs of a nation to the best interest of the people. the competitiveness of domestic primary energy, affordability to the people, infrastructure and priority of a state. that's the essence of energy independence and sovereignty
Case study for enabling net metering as a means of broadening a nations energy mix and facilitating increased investment in the renewable energy sector
Combating Climate Change & Energy Poverty in the PhilippinesWorldwatch Institute
The Philippines have an extremely high vulnerability to climate change and high levels of energy poverty (17% of 16 M people nationwide without electricity access). They also have a high dependence on fossil fuel imports, unsustainble use of fuelwood, and an economically, socially & environmentally unsustainable energy system. This presentation discusses current trends, future challenges, and insights into bringing sustainable energy to the Philippines.
Helen Hoka Osiolo, The Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis
Presentation given at “Unlocking Investment in Africa’s Renewables: What are the Binding Constraints?” event, organised by the Institute of Development Studies and held on 19 January 2017 at the Wellcome Collection, London. For more information, please visit http://www.ids.ac.uk/events/unlocking-investment-in-africa-s-renewables-what-are-the-binding-constraints.
The ScottMadden Energy Industry Update – August 2014ScottMadden, Inc.
We are pleased to announce our Summer 2014 issue of the ScottMadden Energy Industry Update. This semi-annual publication offers our view of major events and emerging trends in the energy industry.
The energy and utility industries continue to anticipate and react to potential fundamental shifts in the 100+ year-old model of investment, regulation, and earnings. Policy and regulatory changes are big factors driving the design of the new landscape. For many of these changes, significant investment in existing and new infrastructure is needed across all parts of the energy value chain. And by the way, load growth is no longer, so investment and cost recovery are uncertain. Themed “I Feel the Earth Move under My Feet,” this issue surveys a broad array of strategic issues.
For more information, please visit www.scottmadden.com.
Enhancing The Regulatory Framework for Non Conventional Geothermal ResourcesFernando Penarroyo
This paper focuses on supportive legal and regulatory frameworks, subsidy schemes and other incentive programs that will shift the current geothermal development strategies in order to revitalize non-conventional development.
ScottMadden's Energy Industry Update for the 2019 Utility Supply Chain Confer...ScottMadden, Inc.
As economic growth continues, and policies are increasingly driven by state and regional issues, utilities are placing bets, with large investments, on various growth strategies. They continue to face opposition and challenges from various stakeholders with disparate interests. Energy and utility companies will try to thread the needle of developing and upgrading much needed infrastructure, while satisfying those interests.
During the 2019 Utility Supply Chain Conference, Cristin Lyons reviewed the latest Energy Industry Update and shared key highlights for topics including:
- Electrification: A summary of increased electrification activities (ie: transportation/space heating) being promoted by electric industry stakeholders, and electrification’s pros and cons
- Wholesale energy infrastructure development: A discussion of proposed gas and power transmission projects, potential regulatory changes, and surrounding issues/implications
- Grid modernization: Noteworthy efforts around the nation, including both the programs and the common themes.
Learn more at www.scottmadden.com.
Mylene Capongol, Department of Energy - Philippine Experience in Furthering R...OECD Environment
Presentation by Mylene Capongol, Department of Energy - OECD Focus Group Discussion: Investment models for scaling up renewable energy deployment in Indonesia's eastern islands, 21 October 2020
Renewable and fossil based energy challenge and opportunity : New ParadigmSampe Purba
this slide presentation discuss the fact sheet of fossil based and renewable in Indonesia energy mix. the way to boost renewable energy in electricity system hand in hand with strengthening PT PLN, while maintaining competitive advantage in existing fossil based energy is proposed as new shifting paradigm policy
Implementing Net Metering in the Developing WorldRuchir Punjabi
Distributed Energy (www.de.energy) is a platform to match investors with renewable energy projects. We are always looking for ways to promote renewable energy growth in developing countries. This Powerpoint was prepared as a case study to promote the implementation of net metering in a particular country and examines its feasibility as an enabling policy and to what extent it is designed to foster private investment in renewable energy and broaden the nation’s energy mix. The case study examines and provides evidence to support the implementation of net metering and puts forward a convincing case from an economic, social and environmental standpoint. Country-specific references further indicate how net metering has helped respective countries achieve their energy targets and facilitated a transition towards clean energy.
Global Renewables Transition Requires Dedicated ETRM CapabilitiesCTRM Center
Renewable energy resource development is accelerating around the globe as the push to reduce carbon emissions continues to gain momentum.
As the pace of renewable energy expansion quickens, market participants will continue to adjust to the commercial and financial implications as well as production variability and intermittency, reliability, and grid stability. In this white paper we will explore the changing nature of power markets, the complexities that will challenge utilities, power off-takers and traders, and the critical ETRM systems they rely on to ensure profitability.
The Australian National Energy Market has seen significant increases in the price of electricity. How has this happened in a continent blessed with energy resources?
Forward-looking cities, companies and institutions have begun to embrace 24/7 carbon-free energy procurement—tracking their energy load temporally, shifting their demand, and purchasing carbon-free energy on an hourly basis to match their usage.
This slide deck provides an introduction to the idea of hourly matching and 24/7 carbon-free energy procurement. It addresses questions such as: What is 24/7 carbon-free energy? Why should a city, company, or other institution pursue it? And how can your jurisdiction begin to explore it?
Similar to Energy Transition - A comprehensive approach (20)
IPO of Oil and Gas SOE - Business Risk and Governance.pdfSampe Purba
This short presentation describes the benefit and concern over the Initial Public Offering of Oil and Gas State owned enterprises.
The very concern is to harmonize between the Good Corporate Governance (internal regulation) and Business Judgment Rules (external concern) where many Law Enforcement Officers sometimes not consider both in balance
Energy - Geostrategy and Geoeconomy - UNHAN - public.pptxSampe Purba
Collaborative and inclusiveness and fairness are the key to attack Climate Change
DS 592 dispute on NICKEL ... seems we still need long way journey for justice.
Tax treaty Application on PSC Contracts.pptxSampe Purba
This short presentation describes general feature of PSC (conventional cost recovery and gross split), pretax split and post tax split, tax treaty in general, specific issues on PPh ps 26(4) in PSC
USU - Migas dalam konteks ketahanan energi nasional.pptxSampe Purba
Empat sub topik bahasan meliputi Geopolitik Energi, Ketahanan Energi dalam Perspektif Dinamika Global, Transisi Energi - Climate Change and geoeconomy issues, serta substansi arsitektur RUU Migas
Energy Transition and CO2 Emission Fact Sheet.pptxSampe Purba
This presentation reveals three important facts :
1. Big Countries to emit most of the CO2 from the past to present
2. The Energy mix for Electricity is dominated by Fossil based energy
3. Indonesia is one of the LOWEST CO2 emitter per capita in the world
Energy Disruption - Electricity - Emission.pptxSampe Purba
This presentation displays that Indonesia is the LOWEST CO2 per Capita emission in the world.
We should aware an implication of a continuing conflict of Russia and NATO in Ukraine with respect to energy security
Non Dollar Currency and Non LIBOR Interest in.pptxSampe Purba
This presentation describes the history of the long US based Dollar and England based interest rate LIBOR - established up to the post world war II, being challenged by the new emerging powerful Natural Resources Based Economy such as Russia and club of BRICS. The dependency of European Union to Russian Gas is a test case, whether this long established financial and monetary order can be dethroned
IBU KOTA NUSANTARA sebagai Center of Gravity-1.pptxSampe Purba
Presentasi singkat ini mengcapture isue isue terkaut dengan pemindahan ibu kota suatu negara. Ibu kota adalah Center of Gravity, yang memiliki dimensi Kesejahteraan, Pertahanan, Iptek dan Hukum.
Pemindahan ibu kota bukan sekedar pemindahan orang dan infrastruktur.
This presentation discuss on the role and responsibility of global community in order to accelerate the achievement of decarbonization through a smooth, just and equitable transition
This short presentation discussing the Bureaucracy concept to fulfill its public service - in the era of post covid 19, from the perspective of moving from VUCA to BANI Concept, when responding from uncertain dynamics to an incomprehensible environment
Geopolitics and Payment System - a challenge to US dollar domination .pptxSampe Purba
This presentation discusses the historical perspective of world peace and security order post World war II, the rise of US dollar as International payment instruments and challenge to its domination - triggered by Russia - NATO Conflict.
As the concluding remarks are :
1. Geopolitics – Geostrategy – Geo economy are dynamics
2. New Equilibrium in Global Politics and Economy Power Sharing, might shock the global order temporarily
3. Money is the blood of modern global economy. You control the money circulation, meaning you already control more than half of the POWER
4. While Pact sunt servanda is the credo of Civic Society, at the end of a day it is the NATIONAL INTEREST to govern the State Political Behaviour
Energy : Geopolitics - Geostrategy - Geoeconomy, Lesson learned from Russia -...Sampe Purba
This presentation describes how in terms of geoeconomics, capitalizing the political and economy geography can be utilize as a bargain position to pursue geopolitical objectives
Cop26 Rowing between global and national interestSampe Purba
This presentation discloses how the countries behave and react towards the climate change. While all agrees that climate change is a serious issues, but when it comes to reality, all countries do look inward and into its own interest.
Logam tanah jarang rare earth a strategic critical mineral Sampe Purba
this presentation discovers that rare earth - is a very important component to support sophisticated products and renewable energy products. Yet, we find an anomaly, as most of the reserves and products are controlled by PRC countries, while the other G 7 countries not eager to discover and develop more. Indonesia has an abundance potential of rare earth resources yet to materialize
Green economy - Green Energy - Energy transition Sampe Purba
1. Developed countries should bear the burden balanced with the environmental impact of the manufacturing industry emitting carbon significantly, and from electricity consumed massively
Carbon trading as an instrument that offsets emissions, in essence, only transfers the calculation of the surplus minus the carbon balance
2. Developed countries should understand that in developing countries like Indonesia, the existing electricity generation system is very significant using coal-based fuels.
3. Access to finance, market restrictions and product embargoes and green certificates imposed by developed countries should be based on the achievement of NDCs in each country.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
2. Energy Transition defined
• What : Pathway toward transformation of the global
energy sector from fossil based to zero – carbon, by
the second half of this century
• Why : Reducing energy-related CO2 emissions for
climate change
• How : Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
• Instruments : Information Technology, Smart
Technology, Policy Frameworks and Market
Instruments
https://www.irena.org/energytransition
June 20 2
3. Indonesia supports Energy Transition
• Energy Law nr. 30, 2007
• National Energy Council Established
• Some Regulations Enacted
• Government attending and committing to Climate
Change Conferences
• Policy set, Programs planned and realized (i.e National
Energy Policy, National Energy General Planning, etc)
YET ==➔ Renewable Energy Mix Target Realization is
still below expected plan
June 20 3
4. Potrait of Our Energy Mix
Jun-20 4
• 2015 - 2019
✓ Total Energy
Increased by
Quantity
182 MTOE → 219
MTOE = 20,33%
✓Renewable Energy
- Increased by Qt
8.03 MTOE → 20.04
MTOE
- % Increased
doubled
4.4% → 9.15%
5. The Five Elements
Required to The Energy Transition Ecosystem Successful Implementation
The Five
Elements
ISSUES
1 Supply of Primary
Energy
Capacity Factor, Energy Efficiency, Availability, Continuity/
sustainability of Feedstock Supply, Transferability
2 Demand for energy Monopsony or multi buyers , Sensitivity to Economy
trend, Substitutive, Elasticity, buyer’s credibility, End user
3 Infrastructures On Grid, Cluster, stand alone, off grid
4 Price and Commerciality PPA Terms, Competitiveness, Affordability,
5 Regulatory and Policy Protecting Industry, Market or Consumers ?
Incentive Policy, Govt Priority and Capability; Established
market interestJune 20 5
6. Typical issues Primary Energy - simplified
Energy Primer Issues
Hydro Complex Feasibility Study, Land access and permit, Environment
Conservation, Forestry, cultural heritage, transferability
(evacuation power), Civil work risk, Financial Support
Geothermal High Exploration Risk, Land access and permit, Remoteness from
Consumers, PPA Commercial Terms; Investment cost issues
Solar and
Wind
Farming field required, Technology, production industrial scale,
Local content (substance and how to meet), local partner
credibility, intermittent, Financial Support
Biomass,
Biogas, Waste
Feedstock continuity – communal or industrial level
Waste : Tipping Fee, continuity, Local Partner issues, City clean
healthy or energy issue
June 20 6
1
7. Cost structure of several power generation primary –
energy-related-source
• Different cost structure,
drives commerciality
- PPA Terms
- Financing Model
- Off taker
- Take or Pay
- Volume
Source : Levelized Cost of Electricity Indonesia, IESR 2019
Jun-20 7
Cost Electricity
Cent/ KwH
9. Demand For Energy
✓Monopsony or multi buyers
✓ Sensitivity to Economy trend
✓ Substitutive
✓ Elasticity
✓ Off takers’ credibility
✓ End users
June 20 9
2
For Highly Regulated and Imperfect Market Competition, a proper policy, regulatory
framework and professionalism of the Industries are called for
10. Pattern and Trend of Global Primary Energy Across the region
• Fossil (Coal, Gas, Oil) dominate
across the region
• Trend and pattern grows steadily
• Asia : Dominant using Coal, Oil
and Gas (Competitiveness,
Availability, Multiplier effect)
• Europe balance (Nuclear,
Renewables dan Hydro) → Energy
transition is technology matter.
Affordability and availability no
more issues
• US, Canada maintaining a balance
combination of Fossil and and
Renewable Energy → Realistic
Jun-20 10Source : BP Statistical Review, 2020
11. Infrastructures
Sumatera : Source abundant,
Customer rare. Potential Energy
Java - Bali : Infrastructure ok,
Power Generation ok, Primary
Energy from outer islands
Kalimantan : Gas, Coal, Crude
Sulawesi – Nusa Tenggara :
Need massive infra structure
connecting to source
Maluku – Papua : Infrastructure
required, Population rare
June 20
11
3
• Geographically wide spread
• Imbalances of
Infrastructures – Primary
Energy – Demand for energy
• Existing Electricity System
Power Generation
12. Our Electricity Chain
• Issues :
✓Supply – demand
✓Economy growth
✓Variety of
Customers
✓BPP - Power
Generation Cost
✓Losses
✓Electricity Prices
✓Reliability
✓Expansion of grid
June 20 12
13. Ends – Ways - Means
• A sound energy mix
policy has to take into
account :
✓ Existing Power
Generation, Technical and
Economical age
✓Utilization of domestics
Primary Energy
✓Gradual Shifting to
increase proportion of RE
✓Reliable, compatible and
affordable RE Technology
Jun-20 13
ENDS : An affordable energy price, accessible and Reliable.
Renewable Energy getting higher in the energy mix
Irwandi Arif, 2019
14. Opportunity Market Creation for Renewable Energy
• Utilization of Renewable Energy Has been
the Global Concern
✓Technology
✓Funding
✓Market
✓Green Certificate
➔ as smelter will be developed more in
Indonesia, there is an opportunity to
increase the utilization of RE
June 20 14
Indicative Energy required for
52 Smelters
15. Price and Commerciality
Rule of Thumb : Long term and healthy Partnership can only
long last when fairness exist
Price ➔ Reflection of Economics (wide consideration),
commerciality and Bargain Position
Bargain Position : ➔ Reflected in Terms PPA (Right and
Obligation, Take/ Deliver or Pay; Quantity Adjustment; A,B,C,D
Components; IRR, Transfer of Asset; Settlement Dispute
Mechanism, etc).
Urgency, Relevance and Soundness of the Industry Ecosystem
along the value chain
June 20 15
4
16. Price - The Things that Matter
✓Fossil Energy (Coal, Gas)
- Indonesia can play a role
in global energy
- Competitive Price
- High multiplier effect
(employment, State and
Regional Revenue, Services
industry and feedstock)
✓Renewable Energy
- Access to Funding and
Market for product
- Diversification of source
- Energy ResilienceSource : Levelized Cost of Electricity Indonesia, IESR 2019
Jun-20 16
17. Clustering and categorizing Strategy (Large – Medium – Small)
Hydropower and Geothermal (L):
Solar and Wind (M):
Biomass (S)
• The Things That Matters
✓Technology
✓Cost
✓Output volume
✓Risk
✓Price
✓Benefit
June 20 17
18. Regulatory And Policy
✓Protecting infant industries
✓ Maintaining Competitiveness on Existing Strength
✓Legal Protection on Pilot Projects and innovation
✓Creating the market
Incentive and affirmative policy to Renewable Energy considering :
✓Roadmap Industry Development
✓Regional Development Economy Plan
✓Financial and Fiscal Capability of State
✓The ability of PT PLN to maintain a sound electricity tariff within the
range as directed by Government, and to provide reliable service
June 20 18
5
19. Global Economy : Pandemic Covid 19 Effect
➔ Priority for people protection (health, economy, social)
June 20 19
20. Risk Should Commensurate With Return
• Who bear the
cost and absorb
the risk
• Who take
benefit
• How robust the
sponsor is
• How to prioritize
the limited fund
resources
➔ Reflected in
supply of energy
and price
June 20 20
Conceptual Risk Model On Geothermal Project, Robertson – Tait et al. 2015
21. Increase electricity ratio
Refocusing and Prioritizing Quality
✓RE to develop in line with
available local energy, electricity
infrastructures and demographic
spread
✓To integrate with economy
cluster.
✓Inter Ministerial and Corporation
collaboration to enhance
✓To Regulate the Market and
Players→ Economy of scale and
fair competition among the same
level playing field
Jun-20 21
22. Gov’t to refocusing on Quality Program for Energy Resilience and
Cleaner Energy ➔ On the right track
Programs to study and being implemented
Oil Bio Fuel Program;
Gas CNG, Iso tank, LNG For Transportation; Conversion of Diesel to Gas for
Power Generation
Coal Syngas to down streaming; Relocation of Coal Fire Plant approaching the
Source (mine mouth or to industry); Enhancing Source reliability
Solar PV Renewable Energy Based Economics Development for Frontier, outermost
for frontier; rooftop for public buildings;
Hydro and
Geothermal
Self use Power Generation and Connected to grid
Wind Connected to grid, create the industrial complex
New Energy Downstream of minerals for battery development
June 20 22
23. Concluding Remarks :
✓Based Assumption on Energy Mix Formulation
➢ Economy Growth (size, structure and strength)
➢ Demand for electricity growth
➢ Regulatory framework (National Energy Policy, Govt Reg, Pres Order etc)
✓Energy Transition : Ends – Ways – Means
➢Ends : Sufficient available and reliable energy at affordable price
➢ Ways : Electricity Infrastructures, Primary Energy mix to optimize
➢ Means : Regulatory, Fiscal, Security and Better Bureaucratic Services
✓Competitiveness of Fossil Base Energy is a reality at present time
✓Renewable Energy is necessary to enhance our Energy Resilience and
Sustainability, by taking into accounts :
➢ Technology proven, compatible and widely available
➢ Existing Power Generator
➢ Benefit to the community, industry and Our Nation
Jun-20 23
24. Thank you – Namaste – Terima kasih
• Sampe L. Purba
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• linkedin.com/in/sampepurba
• Twitter.com/sampepurba
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du/SampePurba
June 20 24
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