The document provides information about energy efficiency learnings and models in Finland. It discusses Finland's targets for 2020 related to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing the share of renewables and energy efficiency. It describes the various tools Finland uses to promote energy efficiency, including legislation, subsidies, voluntary agreements and energy auditing. It also outlines the typical steps involved in energy auditing and management in Finland, and provides examples of energy savings identified in audits of industrial facilities.

1. Energy efficiency – Learnings and Models in Finland
Zambia – Finland Energy Workshop
June 3, 2015
Lusaka, Zambia
Juha Pakarinen, Head of Unit, Motiva Services Oy
juha.pakarinen@motiva.fi
+358407222207

2. ENERGY EFFICIENCY
MATERIAL EFFICIENCY
RENEWABLE ENERGY
COMPANIES  CONSUMERS  PUBLIC SECTOR
solutions & methods
advice & trainingnetworks & cooperation
information & communications
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3. Energy use in Finland
Total energy consumption (incl. losses etc):
- 1 391 PJ (33.2 Mtoe, 386 TWh)
- 255 GJ / capita (6.09 toe/capita)
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4. Targets for 2020
European
Union
Finland
Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions 1) -20 % EU-target
Emission trading sector 2) -21 % EU-target
Sector outside of emission trading scheme 2) -10 % -16 %
Share of renewables of end use 20 % 38 %
Share of biofuels of traffic fuels 10 % 20 %
Increasing energy efficiency 3) +20 % EU-target
1) Compared to 1990
2) Compared to 2005
3) Compared to estimation made in 2007
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5. 10.6.2015
State’s (Finland) tools for energy
efficiency
Communication
Subsidies
Legislation
Energy
Authority
Energy
Auditing Advisory
Services
Voluntary
Agreements
Energy
Management

6. 10.6.2015
…From companies poit of view:
Legislation
Customer’s
demands
Costs decrease
Bublic image
Owner’s
demands
Competitiveness
Motivation

7. Example from energy intensive industry
• Turnover: 100 M USD / year
• Profit : 5 M USD / year
• Energy cost: 10 M USD / year
• Energy Savings (by systematic work for energy
efficiency) : 1 M USD / year
Profit increases 20% !
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8. 1) Know where you are -> energy audit
2) Set targets and plan energy efficiency actions -> more
detail planning based on energy audits
3) Do actions -> investments, adjustments
4) Check and monitor results -> How much did we save?
5) Do new energy audits
Steps:
”From a project to a process”
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Energy management

9. The steps of energy efficiency
project – Motiva’s way
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Savings[€/t]
Time [months]
Starting
audit and
energy
efficiency
plan
Make clear
saving measures
and do more
detail planning
Improving of
measuring
equipment
Updating of plan
Verifi-
cation
Verifi-
cation
Verifi-
cation
Sum-
mary
Target
Project #1
Project #2
Project #3

10. Energy Efficiency Auditing in Finland

11. - 30 years of formal energy audits
- Several public models for different objects / sectors (buildings,
industry, energy production…)
- New audit models are published frequently
- Obligatory energy audits for large enterprises
- Subsidied energy audits for SMEs
- Systematic energy auditor training program (authorization and
annual training sessions)
- Quality control for subsidiced and obligatory audits
Energy auditing in Finland
- In a nutshell
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12. 10.6.2015
Same targets in every audit model
• Comprehensive and practical study
• Heating
• Electricity
• Fuels
• Renewables
• Water use
• Results
• Reduced consumption
• Better understanding of energy costs, energy consumption, etc.
• Proposals for saving measures
• Justification
• Economy (savings, investments, profitability…)
• Other effects and impacts

13. Energy audit models in Finland
• Buildings
• Building Energy Inspection – small building
• Building Energy Audit – service sector buildings with two categories
• Simple buildings (schools, offices etc.)
• Complicated buildings (swimming halls, ice arenas
• Building Follow-up Energy Audit – upgrade of energy audit
• Industry
• Energy inspection - very small SME’s
• Industry Energy Audit
• Industry Energy Analysis (process-oriented)
• Process Industry Energy Analysis (two phases, process-oriented)
• Energy sector
• Power Plant Energy Analysis
• District Heating Audit - the model for district heating plants and heat distribution
networks
• Others
• Energy Audit of Transportation Chains
• Renewable Energy Municipal Audit
• Compressed Air Efficiency PATE
• Cool efficiently KYTE
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14. 10.6.2015
Case Finland: Implementation rate of saving
potential by pay back time; industrial sector
Industry (energy consumption > 500 GWh/a): 302 buildings, 3 261 measures
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
8,0
0 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10
Pay back time (year)
Savingsmillion€
Implemented Decided Considered Not implemented No information

15. 10.6.2015
Energy Audit Steps
SELECTION OF AUDITING OBJECT AND PRELIMINARY
INFORMATION
REQUEST FOR QUOTATION AND SELECTION OF AUDITORS
AUDIT SUBSIDY APPLICATION*
KICK-OFF MEETING
COLLECTION OF BACKROUND MATERIAL
FIELD WORK AND MEASUREMENTS
ANALYSIS OF SAVING POTENTIAL
REPORTING
PRESENTATION AND HAND OVER OF THE REPORT
ENERGY AUDIT SUBSIDY PAYMENT

16. Saving potential in different sectors
• Service Sector
• Heat: 16 %
• Electricity: 7 %
• Water: 7 %
• Industry (energy use < 10 GWh/a)
• Heat: 24 %
• Electricity: 8 %
• Water: 12 %
• Industry (energy use 10-70 GWh/a)
• Heat: 20 %
• Electricity: 6 %
• Water: 7 %
• Industry (energy use 70-500 GWh/a)
• Heat: 15 %
• Electricity: 3 %
• Water: 7 %
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17. Typical actions for energy savings
- Industry
HVAC
• Heat conservation and recovery
solutions
• Drying processes in paper, wood,
concrete, food industries etc.
• Chemical processes generating heat
• Intelligent ventilation control systems
using variable speed controls
• Heat recovery from cooling systems
• Hall heat conservation, recovery and
cooling solutions
• Recovered heat is used in other sub-
processes (e.g pre-heating)
• Investments are required – payback time
is rather short
• Heat distribution and generation
• Fossil fuels to renewable energy
• Improvements in distribution systems
Electricity
• Operating time and variable speed
controls for motors
• Intelligent pumping and blowing control
systems – decrease of throttling, by-pass
and bleed-air controls
• Decrease of pressure losses and
leaks in process piping
• E.g. Compressed air systems
• Illumination control and technology
• Bulbs to LED
• Motion detectors
• Reuse of process water
• Cleaning / filtering technology
• Less water – less energy
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Water

18. Typical actions for energy savings
- Buildings
HVAC
• Heat conservation and recovery
solutions
• Heat recovery from ventilation exhaust air
-> heating of supply air
• Utilization of outdoor conditions in cooling
systems
• Heat distribution and generation
• Fossil fuels to renewable energy
Electricity
• Operating time and variable speed
controls for motors
• Ventilation control according to need, e.g.
offices
• Illumination technology and control
• Bulbs to LED
• Motion detectors
• Using habits
• The latest water saving toilet
fixtures
• Less water – less energy
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Water

19. An Example of Energy Audit Content
- Industry sector
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20. Report – Chapter 1
1 SUMMARY OF ENERGY ECONOMY IN AUDITING FACILITIES AND
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ENERGY SAVING ACTIONS
1.1 Auditing object
Introduction to auditing object including written description of key information (production etc.)
1.2 Energy economy and saving potential
Description of consumption levels, saving potential, saving opportunities and recommendations for
actions. Subtitles can be divided into heat, electricity and water, or other suitable energy consumption
distribution
Table 1. Summary of energy consumption and energy saving potential
Table 2. Summary of energy saving actions
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21. Report – Chapter 2
2 BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUDITING OBJECT
2.1 Object
Name
Address
Buildings and facilities
Construction year(s)
Renovation or enlargement year(s)
Type of constructions / functions
Building volumes
Building surface areas
Operating times
.
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22. Report – Chapter 2
2.2 Field of industry, production rates and personnel
Field of industry for auditing object and written description of operations: production, production rate,
personnel etc.. Operation of production unit and main processes are described in graphical
presentations (flow charts: raw materials -> processes -> end products)
Incoming raw materials for production
Main processes in order
Essential energy-consuming processes and process equipment
Schematic functional description of process
End products and production rate
2.3 Connections to municipal technology
Description of heat, electricity and water purchase or production.
2.4 Use, service and maintenance
Description of service and maintenance organizations, consumption monitoring and reporting system
and service contracts in auditing object. Existing energy consumption monitoring and reporting system is
evaluated in the report and possible recommendations for developing the consumption monitoring and
reporting are presented.
.
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23. Report – Chapter 3
3 ENERGY AND WATER CONSUMPTION AND COSTS
Total consumptions, cost distributions, specific consumption and consumption and cost development
during the last few years are given. It is recommended that effects of changes in production structure
and volume and in number of personnel on consumption changes are presented in the report.
3.1 Purchase of energy and water
Detailed written description of purchase and production of different energy forms.
3.2 Total consumptions, total costs and specific consumptions
Numerical and graphical presentation, information from several years, if available. Specific consumption
is calculated per produced product unit in production building.
It is clearly brought out in this point, If electric heating or fossil fuels are used. It is informed in which
point of the report detailed analysis considering these items are given.
3.2.1 Heat and fuels
3.2.2 Electricity
3.2.3 Water
3.2.4 Other total consumptions and costs
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24. Report – Chapter 3
3.3 Energy distributions (AUDIT)
Energy distributions are numerically presented so that systems and equipment groups with consumption
of at least 5 % from total consumption are allocated
3.3 Energy balances (ANALYSIS)
Energy balances from primary and secondary energy flows are presented both numerically and
graphically so that energy flows which are at least 5% of total consumption are allocated.
Following energy flow allocation is used:
Buildings (Building services and structures)
Mill service systems (allocated)
Production processes
Main processes (production lines)
Sub-processes (Main equipment of production line)
Main process equipment
3.3.1 Heat and fuels
3.3.2 Electricity
3.3.3 Water
3.3.4 Other allocations and balances
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25. Report – Chapter 4
4 A BASIC SCAN OF BUILDING SERVICES AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Description of main components of building services, possibilities to use renewable energy forms,
operational criteria and status.
4.1 District heating systems
4.2 HVAC-systems
4.3 Electricity systems
4.4 Building automation system
4.5 Cooling service systems
4.6 Other building service systems
4.7 Buildings and structures
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26. Report – Chapter 5
5 A BASIC SCAN OF MILL SERVICE SYSTEMS AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Description of main components of mill service systems, possibilities to use renewable energy forms,
operational criteria and status
5.1 Water-circulated heating systems
5.2 Steam systems
5.3 Hot oil systems
5.4 Gas distribution systems
5.5 Compressed-air systems
5.6 Process ventilation systems
5.7 Process cooling systems
5.8 Process electricity systems
5.9 Process water and sewerage systems
5.10 Other service systems
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27. Report – Chapter 6
6 A BASIC SCAN OF PROCESS EQUIPMENT AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION
(ANALYSIS)
When performing energy audit of industry sector, process description can be given as in section 2.2.
Instead, production sub-processes and equipment and energy balances are presented in energy
analysis of industry sector. In the case of challenging auditing objects, energy balances are given for
each sub-process and equipment. Detected deficiencies and incorrect functions of processes or
equipment, which may affect energy consumption, are given. In addition to technical information of
processes and equipment possible energy savings have to be reported. Possibilities to use renewable
energy forms are reported, too.
6.1 Sub-Process / process equipment A
6.1.1 Functional description
6.1.2 Energy balance
6.2..n Sub-Process / process equipment B…n
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28. Report – Chapter 7
7 ENERGY SAVING AND PROFITABILITY OF RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
Description of all recommended energy saving actions and possibilities to use renewable energy forms.
Arguments for saving and investment calculations are presented in tabular form. Actions with
calculations and arguments, which are not recommended to be implemented in the report, can be
presented in chapter 7
7.1 Building services and structures
7.2 Mill service systems
7.3 Process equipment (ANALYSIS)
7.4 Other findings and recommendations
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29. 10.6.2015
Case Genencor International Oy
• Genencor International Oy is a
Finnish biotehchnology company
• Energy audit for Hanko Factory mill
• Saving potential:
• Heat: 15 % (200.000 €/a)
• Electricity: 9 % (100.000 €/a))
• Water: 9 % (76.000 €/a)
Source:
http://www.motiva.fi/julkaisut/energiakatselmukset/in_eng
lish/biotechnology_1-02.1042.shtml

30. 10.6.2015
Case Stora Enso Imatra mill
• Stora Enso Imatra mill is an integrate
producin about 900.000 tons of
bleached pulp and more than million
tons of paper every year.
• Energy audit: saving potential more
than 1.000.000 €/a
Source:
http://www.motiva.fi/julkaisut/energiakatselmukset/in_eng
lish/industrial_power_plants_2-04.1042.shtml

31. Thank you very much!