Electric motors
Editorial - Policy solutions - Facts - Interview - Success stories - Improving market surveillance - Extended product approach - Motor maintenance and refurbishment - Accelerated replacement of less efficient motor stock - Developing powertrains for electric mobility free of critical raw materials - World landscape
The goal of DecarbEurope is to engage decision-makers in policy and industry with solutions that can, in a cost-effective manner, decarbonise Europe at the scale and speed that is needed to achieve our climate goals.
As an ecosystem of twenty sectors — and growing — the initiative connects technologies, policies, and markets. Partners of DecarbEurope commit themselves to common values of deep decarbonisation, cost-effectiveness, circularity, sector-coupling and consumer engagement.
Electric motors play a major role in all economic sectors (industrial, tertiary, residential, agricultural and in transportation), to deliver in a reliable and efficient way mechanical power to a huge variety of processes and services
Recent technological developments have led to the introduction of very efficient motors, often referred to as Super- and Ultra- Premium Efficiency Motors, with efficiencies well above the IE3 level (mandatory in the USA and in the EU). Cost-effective induction motors (IM) with efficiencies above the IE4 threshold are now widely available on the market and other advanced technologies (Permanent Magnet Motors and Synchronous Reluctance) have enabled manufacturers to produce motors that exceed the IE4 and even meet IE5 thresholds.
This webinar gives an overview of these advanced technologies, their principles of operation, potential efficiency gains, benefits and drawbacks.
A flywheel, in essence is a mechanical battery - simply a mass rotating about an axis.Flywheels store energy mechanically in the form of kinetic energy.They take an electrical input to accelerate the rotor up to speed by using the built-in motor, and return the electrical energy by using this same motor as a generator.Flywheels are one of the most promising technologies for replacing conventional lead acid batteries as energy storage systems.
Contents of this presenation entitled 'Introduction of different Energy storage systems used in Electric & Hybrid vehicles' is useful for beginners and students
Recent technological developments have led to the introduction of very efficient motors, often referred to as Super- and Ultra- Premium Efficiency Motors, with efficiencies well above the IE3 level (mandatory in the USA and in the EU). Cost-effective induction motors (IM) with efficiencies above the IE4 threshold are now widely available on the market and other advanced technologies (Permanent Magnet Motors and Synchronous Reluctance) have enabled manufacturers to produce motors that exceed the IE4 and even meet IE5 thresholds.
This webinar gives an overview of these advanced technologies, their principles of operation, potential efficiency gains, benefits and drawbacks.
A flywheel, in essence is a mechanical battery - simply a mass rotating about an axis.Flywheels store energy mechanically in the form of kinetic energy.They take an electrical input to accelerate the rotor up to speed by using the built-in motor, and return the electrical energy by using this same motor as a generator.Flywheels are one of the most promising technologies for replacing conventional lead acid batteries as energy storage systems.
Contents of this presenation entitled 'Introduction of different Energy storage systems used in Electric & Hybrid vehicles' is useful for beginners and students
An electric vehicle (EV) is one that operates on an electric motor, instead of an internal-combustion engine that generates power by burning a mix of fuel and gases. Therefore, such as vehicle is seen as a possible replacement for current-generation automobile, in order to address the issue of rising pollution, global warming, depleting natural resources, etc. Though the concept of electric vehicles has been around for a long time, it has drawn a considerable amount of interest in the past decade amid a rising carbon footprint and other environmental impacts of fuel-based vehicles.
Electric cars are automobiles, which are powered by the electric engine and electric energy. The development of the electric vehicles is a very perspective and important process. Scientists and engineers managed to create electric engines which are no less effective than the ordinary engines used today. It is obvious that electric cars are more ecologically safe and require less energy for work. EVs provide fast acceleration by delivering power instantly to the wheels by providing high torque at low speeds; they give a feel of smooth and quick responsiveness (Technology).
This Ppt gives a short but complete content about the losses occuring in electric drives, different methods to improve the losses occuring in drives and detail description about 3 methods for improving efficiency of drives
ALCOHOL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL IN IC ENGINEraj kumar
As vehicles are increase their is demand of fuel and using of fossil fuels,which emits CFS gases which damages ozone layer and harmful for human. I'm going to explain how we can Use of alternative fuel to reduce pollution and also to save the fossil fuels.Alcohol on combustion emits carbondoixiode and water which is again absorbed by the plants.
A ppt on Alternative Fuels.
I hope this ppt would be useful for u all.
It describes the different types of alternative fuels which can be used in today's era
for saving the excessive consumption of conventional fuels.
Alternative fuels are also known as Non-Conventional fuels or Green Fuels.
Energy efficient motors use less electricity, run cooler, and often last longer than NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) B motors of the same size.This presentation is on ' ENERGY EFFICIENT INDUCTION MOTOR ' which is mostly use in industries.
An electric vehicle (EV) is one that operates on an electric motor, instead of an internal-combustion engine that generates power by burning a mix of fuel and gases. Therefore, such as vehicle is seen as a possible replacement for current-generation automobile, in order to address the issue of rising pollution, global warming, depleting natural resources, etc. Though the concept of electric vehicles has been around for a long time, it has drawn a considerable amount of interest in the past decade amid a rising carbon footprint and other environmental impacts of fuel-based vehicles.
Electric cars are automobiles, which are powered by the electric engine and electric energy. The development of the electric vehicles is a very perspective and important process. Scientists and engineers managed to create electric engines which are no less effective than the ordinary engines used today. It is obvious that electric cars are more ecologically safe and require less energy for work. EVs provide fast acceleration by delivering power instantly to the wheels by providing high torque at low speeds; they give a feel of smooth and quick responsiveness (Technology).
This Ppt gives a short but complete content about the losses occuring in electric drives, different methods to improve the losses occuring in drives and detail description about 3 methods for improving efficiency of drives
ALCOHOL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL IN IC ENGINEraj kumar
As vehicles are increase their is demand of fuel and using of fossil fuels,which emits CFS gases which damages ozone layer and harmful for human. I'm going to explain how we can Use of alternative fuel to reduce pollution and also to save the fossil fuels.Alcohol on combustion emits carbondoixiode and water which is again absorbed by the plants.
A ppt on Alternative Fuels.
I hope this ppt would be useful for u all.
It describes the different types of alternative fuels which can be used in today's era
for saving the excessive consumption of conventional fuels.
Alternative fuels are also known as Non-Conventional fuels or Green Fuels.
Energy efficient motors use less electricity, run cooler, and often last longer than NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) B motors of the same size.This presentation is on ' ENERGY EFFICIENT INDUCTION MOTOR ' which is mostly use in industries.
Building Energy Efficiency Into Energy EquationIJERDJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The increasing demand of energy in the world has causes the pollution and devastation of environment and also depletion of the resources. It imminent that cannot be avoided, however, There is agitation and confrontation from country to country which later realised that only energy efficiency practices is the means of minimizing the impact to the environment, but developing countries like Nigeria centered only on end users.These studies see how energy efficiency will be built into energy generation processes and the benefit to the environment, economic growth and development of a country.
Low cost, high performance fuel cell energy conditioning system controlled by...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Fuel cells are an important option for the generation of renewable, efficient and environmentally friendly electricity. Although there are commercial applications in the industrial, residential and automotive sectors, it is not yet a mature technology and requires much research, particularly to reduce its costs to a level competitive with other technologies. This research is currently focused not only on the structure of the cell but also on the additional elements and sub systems required for its implementation as an energy solution. In this article, we propose an electrical energy conditioning scheme for the Formic acid fuel cell (direct formic acid fuel cellor DFAFC). This fuel cell was selected for its high performance, and low cost in low and medium power applications. The proposed system consists of a direct current-direct current (DC-DC) regulator supported by a power converter controlled by a Cortex-M3 ARM processor. This CPU is used to propagate a static neural network trained with the non-linear dynamics of the power converter. The power circuit is modeled and simulated to produce the training parameters. The neural network is trained externally and runs off-line on the processor. The results show not only the regulation capacity of the control scheme but also its response speed to sudden changes in the load.
Genius Energy - Steel Energy - Flywheel Energy Storage (Kinetic Storage)Davide Serani
How flywheel energy storage can help electrical grid? Are you willing to contribute to the development of a technology that is able to revolutionize the entire energy sector? For further informations please contact me davide.serani@gmail.com
A new generation of instruments and tools to monitor buildings performanceLeonardo ENERGY
What is the added value of monitoring the flexibility, comfort, and well-being of a building? How can occupants be better informed about the performance of their building? And how to optimize a building's maintenance?
The slides were presented during a webinar and roundtable with a focus on a new generation of instruments and tools to monitor buildings' performance, and their link with the Smart Readiness Indicator (SRI) for buildings as introduced in the EU's Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD).
Link to the recordings: https://youtu.be/ZCFhmldvRA0
Addressing the Energy Efficiency First Principle in a National Energy and Cli...Leonardo ENERGY
When designing energy and climate policies, EU Member States have to apply the Energy Efficiency First Principle: priority should be given to measures reducing energy consumption before other decarbonization interventions are adopted. This webinar summarizes elements of the energy and climate policy of Cyprus illustrating how national authorities have addressed this principle so far, and outline challenges towards its much more rigorous implementation that is required in the coming years.
Auctions for energy efficiency and the experience of renewablesLeonardo ENERGY
Auctions are an emerging market-based policy instrument to promote energy efficiency that has started to gain traction in the EU and worldwide. This presentation provides an overview and comparison of several energy efficiency auctions and derives conclusions on the effects of design elements based on auction theory and on experiences of renewable energy auctions. We include examples from energy efficiency auctions in Brazil, Canada, Germany, Portugal, Switzerland, Taiwan, UK, and US.
A recording of this presentation can be viewed at:
https://youtu.be/aC0h4cXI9Ug
Energy efficiency first – retrofitting the building stock finalLeonardo ENERGY
Retrofitting the building stock is a challenging undertaking in many respects - including costs. Can it nevertheless qualify as a measure under the Energy Efficiency First principle? Which methods can be applied for the assessment and what are the results in terms of the cost-effectiveness of retrofitting the entire residential building stock? How do the results differ for minimization of energy use, CO2 emissions and costs? And which policy conclusions can be drawn?
This presentation was used during the 18th webinar in the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy on February 3, 2022.
A link to the recording: https://youtu.be/4pw_9hpA_64
How auction design affects the financing of renewable energy projects Leonardo ENERGY
Recording available at https://youtu.be/lPT1o735kOk
Renewable energy auctions might affect the financing of renewable energy (RE) projects. This webinar presents the results of the AURES II project exploring this topic. It discusses how auction designs ranging from bid bonds to penalties and remuneration schemes impact financing and discusses creating a low-risk auction support framework.
This presentation discusses the contribution of Energy Efficiency Funds to the financing of energy efficiency in Europe. The analysis is based on the MURE database on energy efficiency policies. As an example, the German Energy Efficiency Fund is described in more detail.
This is the 17th webinar in the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy.
Recordings are available on: https://youtu.be/KIewOQCgQWQ
(see updated version of this presentation:
https://www.slideshare.net/sustenergy/energy-efficiency-funds-in-europe-updated)
The Energy Efficiency First Principle is a key pillar of the European Green Deal. A prerequisite for its widespread application is to secure financing for energy efficiency investments.
This presentation discusses the contribution of Energy Efficiency Funds to the financing of energy efficiency in Europe. The analysis is based on the MURE database on energy efficiency policies. As an example, the German Energy Efficiency Fund is described in more detail.
This is the 17th webinar in the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy.
Recordings are available on: https://youtu.be/KIewOQCgQWQ
Five actions fit for 55: streamlining energy savings calculationsLeonardo ENERGY
During the first year of the H2020 project streamSAVE, multiple activities were organized to support countries in developing savings estimations under Art.3 and Art.7 of the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED).
A fascinating output of the project so far is the “Guidance on Standardized saving methodologies (energy, CO2 and costs)” for a first round of five so-called Priority Actions. This Guidance will assist EU member states in more accurately calculating savings for a set of new energy efficiency actions.
This webinar presents this Guidance and other project findings to the broader community, including industry and markets.
AGENDA
14:00 Introduction to streamSAVE
(Nele Renders, Project Coordinator)
14:10 Views from the EU Commission and the link with Fit-for-55 (Anne-Katherina Weidenbach, DG ENER)
14:20 The streamSAVE guidance and its platform illustrated (Elisabeth Böck, AEA)
14:55 A view from industry: What is the added value of streamSAVE (standardized) methods in frame of the EED (Conor Molloy, AEMS ECOfleet)
14:55 Country experiences: the added value of standardized methods (Elena Allegrini, ENEA, Italy)
The recordings of the webinar can be found on https://youtu.be/eUht10cUK1o
This webinar analyses energy efficiency trends in the EU for the period 2014-2019 and the impact of COVID-19 in 2020 (based on estimates from Enerdata).
The speakers present the overall trend in total energy supply and in final energy consumption, as well as details by sector, alongside macro-economic data. They will explain the main drivers of the variation in energy consumption since 2014 and determine the impact of energy savings.
Speakers:
Laura Sudries, Senior Energy Efficiency Analyst, Enerdata
Bruno Lapillonne, Scientific Director, Enerdata
The recordings of the presentation (webinar) can be viewed at:
https://youtu.be/8RuK5MroTxk
Energy and mobility poverty: Will the Social Climate Fund be enough to delive...Leonardo ENERGY
Prior to the current soaring energy prices across Europe, the European Commission proposed, as part of the FitFor55 climate and energy package, the EU Social Climate Fund to mitigate the expected social impact of extending the EU ETS to transport and heating.
The report presented in this webinar provides an update of the European Energy Poverty Index, published for the first time in 2019, which shows the combined effect of energy and mobility poverty across Member States. Beyond the regular update of the index, the report provides analysis of the existing EU policy framework related to energy and transport poverty. France is used as a case study given the “yellow vest” movement, which was triggered by the proposed carbon tax on fuels.
Watch the recordings of the webinar:
https://youtu.be/i1Jdd3H05t0
Does the EU Emission Trading Scheme ETS Promote Energy Efficiency?Leonardo ENERGY
This policy brief analyzes the main interacting mechanisms between the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) and the EU Emission Trading Scheme (ETS). It presents a detailed top-down approach, based on the ODYSSEE energy indicators, to identify energy savings from the EU ETS.
The main task consists in isolating those factors that contribute to the change in energy consumption of industrial branches covered by the EU ETS, and the energy transformation sector (mainly the electricity sector).
Speaker:
Wolfgang Eichhammer (Head of the Competence Center Energy Policy and Energy Markets @Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI)
The recordings of this webinar can be watched via:
https://youtu.be/TS6PxIvtaKY
Energy efficiency, structural change and energy savings in the manufacturing ...Leonardo ENERGY
The first part of the presentations presents the energy efficiency improvements in the manufacturing sector since 2000, and the role of structural change between the different branches and energy savings. It will compare the improvements in Denmark and other countries with EU average. This part is based on ODYSSEE data.
The second part of the presentation presents the development in Denmark in more detail, and it will compare the energy efficiency improvement, corrected for structural change, with the reported savings from the Energy Efficiency Obligation Scheme.
Recordings of the live webinar are on https://youtu.be/VVAdw_CS51A
Energy Sufficiency Indicators and Policies (Lea Gynther, Motiva)Leonardo ENERGY
This policy brief looks at questions ‘how to measure energy sufficiency’, ‘which policies and measures can be used to address energy sufficiency’ and ‘how they are used in Europe today’.
Energy sufficiency refers to a situation where everyone has access to the energy services they need, whilst the impacts of the energy system do not exceed environmental limits. The level of ambition needed to address energy sufficiency is higher than in the case of energy efficiency.
This is the 13th edition of the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy, and number 519 in the Leonardo ENERGY series. The recording of the live presentation can be found on https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEAdYbI0wDI&list=PLUFRNkTrB5O_V155aGXfZ4b3R0fvT7sKz
The Super-efficient Equipment and Appliance Deployment (SEAD) Initiative Prod...Leonardo ENERGY
The Super-efficient Equipment and Appliance Deployment (SEAD) Initiative Product Efficiency Call to Action, by Melanie Slade - IEA and Nicholas Jeffrey - UK BEIS
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
2. 2
The goal of DecarbEurope is to engage decision-makers in policy
and industry with solutions that can, in a cost-effective manner,
decarbonise Europe at the scale and speed that is needed to
achieve our climate goals.
As an ecosystem of twenty sectors — and growing — the
initiative connects technologies, policies, and markets. Partners
of DecarbEurope commit themselves to common values of deep
decarbonisation, cost-effectiveness, circularity, sector-coupling
and consumer engagement.
About
3. 3
Electric motors play a major role in all economic sectors (industrial,
tertiary, residential, agricultural and in transportation), to deliver in
a reliable and efficient way mechanical power to a huge variety of
processes and services.
The electric motor market has witnessed a major change in the last
decades in several aspects: in structure, with company mergers
contributing to a more global market, in content with energy-
efficiency policies, and in its economy due to increasing electricity
prices, all aspects contributing to push the market towards more
energy-efficient and sustainable products.
Technological developments have led to the market introduction
of very efficient motors with efficiencies well above the IE3/
NEMA Premium levels. The growing market penetration of Variable
Speed Drives (VSD), also leads to large energy savings in systems
with variable loads, besides providing improved reliability and
quality control. The widespread application of energy-efficient
motor systems translates into 3100 TWh of global electricity
savings by 2040 (about 15% of the World motor systems electricity
consumption). Motor system efficiency should be increased at
least up to the level of the lowest life-cycle cost.
Two major areas of growth for electric motors in the next decades
are electric mobility for clean transportation and space heating/
cooling with high efficiency heat pumps. As a consequence, the
share of electricity in final energy consumption is expected to
Editorial
4. 4
increase significantly. These two applications can play a major role
in the new, low-carbon economy due to the fast decarbonisation
of the electrical power sector. In both cases, a variety of benefits
can be achieved such as the replacement of imported fossil fuels
by renewable electricity, decrease of emissions both at local and
at global level, as well as allowing the integration of variable
renewable generation, since for example electric vehicle charging
or heating and cooling of buildings can be used to balance supply
and demand.
The energy transition is only sustainable if material use is taken
into account. The expected rise in the number of motors poses
the question whether those motors have the potential to function
in a circular economy to ensure ease of maintenance, repair and
remanufacture. Research & Innovation support for rare earth-
free motor development, as well as concepts such as Design for
Recycling (DfR) can lead the way.
Anibal de Almeida, Professor at
University of Coimbra, Institute
of Systems and Robotics
(Photo: Motor Summit 2018)
5. 5
Electric motors are a major component of the technological world
in which we are living. A home today easily contains fifty electric
motors. Apart from the obvious ones (the washing machine, vacuum
cleaner and kitchen mixer), there are pump systems in the heating
boiler, hot water boiler and dishwasher, as well as fan systems in
bathroom ventilation, computer and microwave ovens. In industry,
electric motors are even more widespread and often hidden in
closed systems such as fans, pumps or compressors.
In the energy transition, the role of electric motor systems will
continue to grow, therefore making those systems highly energy
efficient is imperative.
The technology to make motor systems more energy efficient is
available on the market and its adoption is mostly beneficial from
a life-cycle costing perspective. A lot of progress has already been
achieved: since 2011, minimum efficiency performance standards
(MEPS) for the major motor categories are mandatory in the EU, with
new efficiency levels and categories updated in 2019. Nevertheless,
there remains a savings potential that could be tapped into through
better adoption of existing standards, more emphasis on a systems
approach, accelerated replacement of existing motor stock and
extension of MEPS to broader power ranges and product categories.
Motors power the
energy transition
6. 6
Indeed, an electric motor does not function in isolation: the motor
driven unit consists of the electric motor, sometimes controlling
equipment such as a soft starter or variable speed drive, supporting
mechanical equipment (gear, belt, clutch, brake…) and the
application it is driving (pump, fan, compressor).
The motor system also includes all other components that suffer
from energy losses while executing its function (water or air ducts,
throttles, valves). Optimizing this entire motor system is the best
way to minimize energy use and CO2 emissions.
8. 8
Promote a systems approach.
Assessingtheenergyefficiencyoftheentiremotorsystem
is difficult but could be achieved through mandatory
motor system audits. A systems approach can also be
promoted through propagation of energy management
principles and through education and training initiatives.
International standardisation should be further supported
to facilitate the development of appropriate test methods,
performance metrics and efficiency classifications.
Connect energy and carbon savings with the circular
economy.
The energy transition leads to an increased use of material
in electric motors. This can be made sustainable through
the principles of the circular economy. They translate into
design for easy maintenance and repair (which can double
or treble the life of energy-efficient motors), reduced use
of critical raw materials, strong end-of-life requirements
and strengthened management systems.
Accelerate the replacement of the existing motor stock.
The average life of motors below 7.5 kW is about 12 years,
which increases progressively with power, reaching 20
years for motors above 75 kW. In the EU the vast majority
of motors over 15 years old are either IE0 or IE1 (low
efficiency levels). Therefore there is a significant and
cost-effective energy savings potential.
Policy solutions
1.
2.
3.
9. 9
Revise periodically MEPS regulation to reflect
technological progress and set the right ambition
level.
The introduction of MEPS for motors at IE4 level is
a positive step forward placing the EU in a leading
position. However, the power range could be more
ambitious starting with motors below 75kW (e.g. 7,5
kW) and going beyond 200 kW (e.g. up to 375 kW). The
same applies for the efficiency of variable speed
drives (IE3 instead of IE2) and the scope of products
(add certain categories currently excluded, such as
increased safety motors).
Reinforce market surveillance of existing regulation.
There is a lack of capacity in the EU to check motor
efficiency compliance. The INTAS project proposes
a promising portfolio of measures to improve
market surveillance of industrial projects, such as
dedicated European task forces, notification to MSAs,
cooperation among stakeholders and witness testing
according to standardised procedures (see www.
intas-testing.eu).
Support sustainable technologies for electric
mobility.
The number of electric motors in this sector is
expected to grow exponentially, so the technologies
used should use as little critical raw materials as
possible. There are rare earth-free alternatives which
can match the power and torque density required by
the automotive sector, in combination with a high
efficiency level, needed to maximise the range of the
vehicle.
4.
5.
6.
10. 10
Electric motors and the applications they drive (pumps,
fans and compressors) are the single largest use of
electricity, consuming > 2.5 times as much as lighting.
Electric motor systems use over 50% of global electricity
and around 70% of global industrial electricity.
With proper market surveillance, the new EU regulation for
electric motors and variable speed drives should lead to at
least 23 TWh savings per year.
Each kilogram of copper added to an electric motor to
increase its efficiency will save up to 10 MWh electricity
over the motor’s lifetime.
The use of lower loss grade steels allows to increase the
motors efficiency level. Simply by changing to a lower
loss grade, an IE2 electrical machine can be brought up
to the IE3 level. IE3 is the minimum energy performance
standard in Europe today.
Facts
1.
4.
3.
2.
5.
11. 11
Electric motor-driven systems used in heat pumps
and electric vehicles save a factor three or more in
final energy compared to combustion technologies.
Electric motors are everywhere - a modern home
contains at least 50 motors; a luxury car has over 100
motors of different sizes. Large factories can contain
hundreds or thousands of motors.
40-60% of all motor systems would benefit from
the proper use of Variable Frequency Drives (VFD)
to improve the energy efficiency of industrial motor
systems.
When coupled to storage systems such as building
heating, water distribution or certain industrial
processes, electric motors can provide highly
responsive flexibility services to the electricity
system.
When adequately designed and optimised, induction
and synchronous reluctance technologies, which
don’t use any critical raw material, can provide as
much specific power and torque as permanent
magnet motors for use in electric vehicles.
6.
7.
Sources: OECD, IEA, 4E EMSA, Swiss Topmotors Program, ArcelorMittal, ECI,
ReFreeDrive.
8.
9.
10.
12. 12
Interview
Why are motors important to decarbonising Europe’s energy system?
Motor systems utilize more than half of the world’s electrical energy
so the efficiency of these systems is crucial. The components of
motor systems (motors and variable speed drives) already have
decent efficiencies, so the biggest effect will be on the system
level. The third main part of a motor system - the driven equipment
– is the next frontier for higher energy savings.
For example, downthrottling is most often used as a regulation
mechanism, but it wastes energy that could be saved by simply
slowing down the motor. Pumps and fans are the best candidates
for this. The extended product approach as defined in standards (IEC
61800-9-2) helps customers quantify the potential energy savings.
How can Europe ensure leadership in efficient motor systems?
Through standardization. For example, the EN 50598 series –
standards on how to determine the efficiency of motor driven
systems – was published in 2016 and has now been converted into
global IEC standards: the IEC 61800-9 series. The next step will be to
align this methodology with the application standards (fans, pumps,
compressors etc.) so it will be possible to optimize on the entire
system. By setting the standards, the European industry takes lead
in the development.
13. 13
How will the digital and circular economy impact the motors sector?
Variable speed drives are by their very nature digital and will perform
as intelligent sensors very close to the process, opening possibilities
for further system level energy optimization. Digitalisation also
opens opportunities for new business models and services like
predictive maintenance.
The circular economy initiative will first impact the motor side.
There the challenge is to achieve a balance between the efficiency
and material requirements e.g. on the use of rare earths. The impact
on variable speed drives is different and here the main challenge
will the balance between liability and durability on the one side and
recyclability and reparability on the other side.
How can motor systems deliver flexibility services in smart grids?
In current design, the possibilities for demand flexibility are low.
However, many applications exist where the requirements are not
always carved in stone – for example it is possible to reduce the
fan speed in a HVAC system if there is
not enough power available without
immediately impacting the comfort of
people in the affected areas. Pumping
systems in water treatment can also
have interesting flexibility potentials.
Jesper Jerlang, Standardization
Manager, Business Development,
Danfoss Drives
(Photo: Jesper Jerlang)
14. 14
Success stories
GRAVEL PLANT
Switzerland
HASTAG (Zürich) AG
is a company in the
construction material
sector located in
Northeast Switzerland.
The raw gravel stockpile
and the gravel plant are
connected via a conveyor belt that is 153 metres long and transports
approximately 700 tonnes of raw gravel per hour to a height of 46
metres. The old 150 kW motor built in 1981 was replaced by a new
high-efficiency motor IE4. The specific energy consumption per
tonne of material was cut by 10%. The savings achieved (4000 francs
per year) paid back the investment in 4.2 years.
SLAUGHTERHOUSE
Denmark
The slaughterhouse in Horsens, Denmark, processes more than
20,000 pig carcasses daily, demanding high performance of all
machinery. Danish Crown has approximately 1,000 variable speed
drives installed throughout the plant, controlling everything
from simple conveyor belts to more advanced applications. The
slaughterhouse went in 2016 through a big motor replacement
project combined with automation drives. The new solutions save
30,000 EUR annually.
15. 15
MANUFACTURING PLANT
Switzerland
IVF Hartmann AG manufactures medical products. Three pumps
of efficiency level IE1 were responsible for 5% of the electricity
consumption of the plant, i.e. 170 MWh/year. These were replaced
by three new pumps IE4 efficiency level, cutting the electricity
consumption by more than 30%. The payback time is four years,
saving more than 8000 CHF per year.* These 15 kW pumps are very
intensively used (4400 to 5400 hours per year).
BELFAST AIRPORT
Northern Ireland
The airport installed
variable speed drive
controls on the 28 fans
on the air handling units
covering 35 – 40 % of the
main airport. The investment was paid back in less than a year, while
improving comfort conditions for the customers. The airport saves 1
million kWh per year, representing €112,000 annually.
PHOTOS
(Opposite) HASTAG (Zürich) AG - Switzerland. Source: Topmotors Best Practice No. 08
(Above) Airport solutions. Source: Danfoss Drives
* Topmotors Best Practice No. 07
16. 16
Improving market
surveillance
Given the enormous numbers of electric motors sold in the EU,
setting up a system for compliance verification is challenging.
The INTAS project (www.intas-testing.eu) proposes a promising
portfolio of measures to improve market surveillance of industrial
projects:
• Set up a dedicated European market surveillance task force.
• Establish a mandatory notification to market surveillance
authorities for certain product categories.
• Foster cooperation with national stakeholders.
• Allow market surveillance authorities to conduct market
surveillance actions at manufacturers’ site.
• Insert clauses to deter circumvention.
The US system for market surveillance could also be used to identify
good practices, such as a website for reporting non-compliant
motors, random compliance testing and fines for non-compliance.
17. 17
The extended product
approach
A system approach should be followed to minimise the energy
losses in all components, including both the motor driven unit and
the application (for example, a pump or compressor) and all the
mechanical connections in between. Given the complexity of such
a procedure and the unique character of each application and its
load, promoting motor system efficiency is not a straightforward
task.
One potential path forward is to actively promote the standard
for the extended product approach (IEC 61800-9), as well as the
development of a software tool that can assist in implementing this
standard. Another complementary possibility is to promote motor
system efficiency via Energy Management Systems.
The upcoming new version of the Technical Specification on rotating
electrical machines (IEC 60034 Part 31 - Application guidelines for
the selection of energy-efficient motors including variable speed
applications) will also contribute to make further progress in this
field.
18. 18
Motor maintenance and
refurbishment
Maintenance, re-use and refurbishment of energy efficient machines
mustbegivenpriorityoverreplacementaspartofthecirculareconomy
concept. An important consideration, however, is that relevant energy
savings potential exists in the renovation of the older, less efficient
motor stock.
Because the energy consumption during the use phase is dominant
in the life cycle impact and cost of a motor, waiting for replacement
until a motor fails will not be the best option if higher efficiency models
have become the standard on the market. An early replacement of
an electric motor is often paid back in a very short time by improved
energy efficiency, reduced maintenance costs, and avoided outages
and their associated losses.
Apartfromthisconsideration,ifaneffortismadetoextendtheusefullife
of an energy efficient motor, care should be taken to at least maintain
the existing efficiency level and to avoid compromising its reliability.
Proper predictive maintenance based on condition monitoring can be
a good base to work from.
An international standard defining the circular economy requirements
for electric motors has been published in January 2019 (IEC 60034
– Part 23:2019, Rotating Electrical Machines: Repair, Overhaul and
Reclamation). The standard ensures that repaired machines meet their
original rated performance figures and satisfy the requirements of the
circular economy.
19. 19
Acceleratedreplacementof
lessefficientmotorstock
The average lifetime of motors is usually accepted to be:
• Up to 7.5 kW: 12 years
• 7.5 – 75 kW: 15 years
• 75 – 250 kW: 20 years
The first tier of EU motor efficiency standards was enforced from
2011 at IE2 level. We can accordingly expect that 30% of small motors,
around50%ofmediummotors,andover60%oflargemotorsincurrent
operation were purchased before that date and are still below IE2 level.
Much bigger amounts apply to the IE3 motor regulation which was
enforced in 2015. Therefore there is a significant energy and economic
savings potential.
Up until 2014, Topmotors assessed 4124 separate motor systems in 18
Swiss factories. The analysis showed that 56% of all motors and their
respective systems were older than their expected operating life time
(some were twice the expected age).
Motorsageandsizedistribution.
Source:Topmotors
20. 20
Developing powertrains
for electric mobility free
of critical raw materials
So far, permanent magnet technologies using rare earths have
dominatedthelandscapeofelectricmobilityduetotheirhighpowerand
torque density, as well as their high efficiency. The number of electric
motors in this sector is expected to grow exponentially. However, rare
earths have the highest risk of disruption in the EU supply among all
critical raw materials (CRM), according to the European Commission
list of CRMs.
Therefore, there is a concern on the viability of this technology for mass
production.
Research and development of rare earth-free alternatives should
be supported. The performance ratios achieved by their permanent
magnet counterparts can be reached and even exceeded. Initiatives
such as ReFreeDrive (H2020 EU funded project, www.refreedrive.eu)
are pushing the boundary of the current induction and synchronous
reluctance technologies, achieving unprecedented values of power
and torque density, combined with the highest efficiency levels.
Further support for innovation and industrialisation of rare earth-free
technologies would help the European industry to go through the
critical raw materials bottleneck in electric mobility.
.
21. 21
World landscape
Over the past decade the worldwide electricity use by electric motor
driven systems has grown steadily from 43-46% to 53%. This electricity
use (10,700 TWh in 2014) corresponds to the combined electricity
consumption of China, USA and EU approximately. Industry is the main
sector with a share of 60% (6 000 TWh).
Recognition of the contribution of motors to the global electricity
consumption has led to the introduction of MEPS (minimum energy
performancestandards)inmostindustrializedcountries.Theefficiency
classes for Direct-on-Line (DOL) motors are defined in IEC 60034-
30-1. This standard is widely accepted as the global standard making
efficiency classes comparable worldwide. It defines classes IE1 to IE4,
with growing efficiency.
EfficiencylevelsinIEC60034-30-
1(2014)standardfor50Hz,4pole
motors
22. 22
ThemainmotorMEPSworldwide cover motors inthe range of0.75-375
kW at IE2 and/or IE3 level.
TheintroductionofMEPShaspushedthemarkettowardshigherenergy
efficiency motors, whilst simultaneously removing the worst products
from the market. In regulated markets motors of higher efficiency
classes IE3 and IE4 are now readily available on the market and can
be delivered in a large variety of nominal output power and poles. The
price of IE3 premium motors is 15%-20% higher than the less efficient
IE2class.ThepriceofthenextgenerationIE4motorsis15%-25%higher
than IE3 motors [1].
This evolution of the world market towards higher motor efficiency
levels generates a positive business outlook for motor suppliers,
through extra revenues, and for end-users, through lower total cost of
ownership.
There is a potential for the efficiency of electric motor driven systems
to increase by 35% between 2017 and 2040 [2]. For this the majority
of motors’ energy use in 2040 will need to come from the super-
premium efficiency IE4 level, with the remainder at IE3 level. To ensure
this development governments will need to continue applying and
strengthening MEPS.
The EU acts as first mover and has recently revised the motor MEPS
to make a first step towards tier level IE4: for 75 – 200 kW motors the
minimum level will be raised to IE4 (2, 4, 6 poles) per mid-2023. Other
changes include a wider scope in power range (0.12-1,000kW) and type
of motors, and a minimum efficiency level for variable speed drives of
IE2 (0.75 – 1,000 kW).
23. 23
While the efficiency of individual electric motors has risen due to
globally co-ordinated national policies, there is an opportunity to
access very significant further reductions in energy consumption by
addressing the electric motor driven system.
MotorMEPSmustbecoupledwiththeincreasedapplicationofvariable
speed drives (VSDs) and the driven applications like pumps, fans
and compressors. To effectively access this potential, governments,
industry and standardization bodies should co-ordinate activities to
develop relevant standards and regulations for these electric motor
driven systems.
Sources
[1] Topmotors Market Report 2018; Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE, May
2019, www.topmotors.ch/en/market; Maarten van Werkhoven, TPA advisors
Netherlands & Rita Werle, Impact Energy Switzerland.
[2] World Energy Outlook 2016, IEA, Paris.
24. 24
Making DecarbEurope
solutions work together
Motors are present in multiple DecarbEurope solutions: appliances,
demand response, electric vehicles, goods transport, passenger
transport, building automation and heat pumps. Also electric
generators used in wind power and cogeneration share the same
technology as motors.
Multiple appliances are now regulated by the Ecodesign directive
and many of them use motors, such as air conditioners, air heating
and cooling products, comfort fans, circulators, dishwashers,
washing machines, refrigerators and freezers, vacuum cleaners and
ventilation units. These products have to combine the efficiency
of multiple components, including motors, to deliver the required
system efficiency.
Heat pumps have improved their efficiency continuously in the last
years. Multiple factors have played a role here but with no doubt the
use of high efficiency motors in combination with variable speed
drives has contributed significantly to such progress. A relevant
portion of the heat pump market is regulated by the Ecodesign
directive, as indicated above.
Transport in all its forms is called to become climate-neutral in
the next decades. Stricter CO2
emission standards for cars and
vans have recently been set in the EU, targeting >30% reduction
in CO2
by 2030 compared to 2021 levels. Electrification is a basic,
25. 25
economically efficient strategy, which will impact significantly
the number of electric motors in use. A sustainable and reliable
material supply is a key consideration, as the use of critical raw
materials should be minimised or avoided.
Demand response will be increasingly valued in an electricity
landscape dominated by variable renewables. The bulk of electricity
consumption at industrial level takes place in motors (fans, pumps,
compressors and conveying belts) which could be modulated
within certain limits, notably in those applications where product
or thermal storage capacities exist. Also, at buildings level, in
combination with automation and control systems, heating and
cooling powered by heat pumps can deliver relevant demand
response capacities.
Acknowledgments
• Anibal de Almeida, Professor at University of Coimbra,
Institute of Systems and Robotics
• Martin Doppelbauer, Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. - Karlsruher Institut
für Technologie (KIT)
• Jos Habets, Engineer Electrical - Solution Expert & Installation
Responsible, Sitech Services
• Sigrid Jacobs, Expert for Electrical Steels, ArcelorMittal
Global R&D
• Jesper Jerlang, Standardization Manager, Business
Development, Danfoss Drives
• Thomas Marks, Tim Marks, Association of Electrical and
Mechanical Trades
• Rudolf Moos, Co-Founder & CDO | Breuckmann eMobility
• Maarten van Werkhoven, TPA advisors Netherlands
• Rita Werle, Impact Energy Switzerland