Endometriosis
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Endometriosis is a non-neoplastic condition where functional ectopic endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, influenced by ovarian hormones before menopause. Common sites include ovaries, pelvic cavity, uterine ligaments, tubes, and rectovaginal septum. Symptoms include infertility, pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and dysuria. Microscopically, lesions appear as reddish-blue or yellowish-brown nodules up to 2 cm containing endometrial glands and stroma. Theories for its pathogenesis include retrograde menstruation, metaplasia of coelomic epithelium, and lymphatic or vascular spread from the uterus
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Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, most commonly on the ovaries, pelvic peritoneum, fallopian tubes, and intestines. This ectopic tissue can cause severe pain, especially during menstruation. Symptoms include severe menstrual cramps, pain during or after sex, chronic pelvic pain, painful bowel movements or urination, and infertility. Diagnosis is made when biopsy of the ectopic tissue shows endometrial glands and stroma. Treatment options include hormonal medications like birth control pills or progestins to suppress menstruation, as well as surgery to remove the endometrial growths.
Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a medical condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, commonly in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvic lining. It affects 6-10% of women and causes pain, irregular bleeding, and infertility. The exact cause is unknown but theories include retrograde menstruation, genetic factors, and environmental toxins. Diagnosis involves a medical history, physical exam, ultrasound, MRI, and laparoscopy to visualize lesions. Stages range from minimal to severe based on location, size, and depth of implants. Treatment focuses on pain management and hormone therapy to suppress menstruation. Differential diagnoses include pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian cysts, and uterine fibroids.
Endometriosis
This document provides information on endometriosis including its definition, incidence, pathophysiology, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. Some key points:
- Endometriosis is a condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, most commonly on the ovaries, pelvic peritoneum, and ligaments. Its cause is unknown but theories include retrograde menstruation and immune/genetic factors.
- It has a prevalence of 10% in women between menarche and menopause. Symptoms include pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility.
- Diagnosis involves physical exam, ultrasound, and laparoscopy. Treatment options include pain management
ENDOMETRIOSIS - DR SHASHWAT JANI
This document provides information on endometriosis from Dr. Shashwat Jani, including:
- Definitions and descriptions of endometriosis, including common sites of lesions.
- Theories on the causes and pathophysiology of endometriosis such as retrograde menstruation and coelomic metaplasia.
- Clinical features like pelvic pain and infertility.
- Diagnostic methods including clinical exam, imaging, biomarkers, and laparoscopy - the gold standard.
- Staging and treatment approaches are also briefly covered.
Endometriosis
Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus that induces a chronic inflammatory reaction. There are several proposed theories for its pathogenesis, including retrograde menstruation, coelomic metaplasia, and metastasis. Symptoms include pelvic pain and infertility. Diagnosis is typically made by laparoscopy to visualize lesions. Treatment involves pain management, preservation of fertility, and involves medical therapy with hormones or NSAIDs and surgery. The goal of management is individualized based on the patient's symptoms, disease severity, and fertility desires.
Pelvic endometrioma.prof.salah
Endometriomas, also known as endometrial cysts, are cysts that form on the ovaries due to endometrial tissue. They are commonly seen in women with endometriosis. Transvaginal ultrasound and laparoscopy are effective diagnostic tools. Treatment options include conservative laparoscopic excision or drainage of the cyst, medical management, and in severe cases, radical surgery such as hysterectomy. The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent recurrence while preserving fertility potential.
Endometriosis
This document discusses endometriosis, a condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus. It causes pain and infertility. The document covers the pathogenesis, risk factors, classification into superficial, ovarian, and deep infiltrating types based on location and severity. Symptoms include painful periods and sex. Diagnosis involves physical exam, ultrasound, MRI and laparoscopy. Staging uses the ASRM system from minimal to severe based on extent of disease and adhesions. Treatment aims to control symptoms and improve fertility.
Endometritis
Endometritis is an inflammation of the uterine lining caused by an infection, usually due to bacteria entering the uterus after childbirth or certain medical procedures. Common symptoms include abnormal bleeding, discharge, fever and abdominal pain. Diagnosis involves physical exam, cultures and other tests. Treatment involves antibiotics, rest, and treating any sexual partners. Without treatment, complications like infertility or pelvic infection can occur. Risk can be reduced through sterile medical techniques and preventing sexually transmitted infections.
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Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, most commonly on the ovaries, pelvic peritoneum, fallopian tubes, and intestines. This ectopic tissue can cause severe pain, especially during menstruation. Symptoms include severe menstrual cramps, pain during or after sex, chronic pelvic pain, painful bowel movements or urination, and infertility. Diagnosis is made when biopsy of the ectopic tissue shows endometrial glands and stroma. Treatment options include hormonal medications like birth control pills or progestins to suppress menstruation, as well as surgery to remove the endometrial growths.
Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a medical condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, commonly in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvic lining. It affects 6-10% of women and causes pain, irregular bleeding, and infertility. The exact cause is unknown but theories include retrograde menstruation, genetic factors, and environmental toxins. Diagnosis involves a medical history, physical exam, ultrasound, MRI, and laparoscopy to visualize lesions. Stages range from minimal to severe based on location, size, and depth of implants. Treatment focuses on pain management and hormone therapy to suppress menstruation. Differential diagnoses include pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian cysts, and uterine fibroids.
Endometriosis
This document provides information on endometriosis including its definition, incidence, pathophysiology, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. Some key points:
- Endometriosis is a condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, most commonly on the ovaries, pelvic peritoneum, and ligaments. Its cause is unknown but theories include retrograde menstruation and immune/genetic factors.
- It has a prevalence of 10% in women between menarche and menopause. Symptoms include pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility.
- Diagnosis involves physical exam, ultrasound, and laparoscopy. Treatment options include pain management
ENDOMETRIOSIS - DR SHASHWAT JANI
This document provides information on endometriosis from Dr. Shashwat Jani, including:
- Definitions and descriptions of endometriosis, including common sites of lesions.
- Theories on the causes and pathophysiology of endometriosis such as retrograde menstruation and coelomic metaplasia.
- Clinical features like pelvic pain and infertility.
- Diagnostic methods including clinical exam, imaging, biomarkers, and laparoscopy - the gold standard.
- Staging and treatment approaches are also briefly covered.
Endometriosis
Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus that induces a chronic inflammatory reaction. There are several proposed theories for its pathogenesis, including retrograde menstruation, coelomic metaplasia, and metastasis. Symptoms include pelvic pain and infertility. Diagnosis is typically made by laparoscopy to visualize lesions. Treatment involves pain management, preservation of fertility, and involves medical therapy with hormones or NSAIDs and surgery. The goal of management is individualized based on the patient's symptoms, disease severity, and fertility desires.
Pelvic endometrioma.prof.salah
Endometriomas, also known as endometrial cysts, are cysts that form on the ovaries due to endometrial tissue. They are commonly seen in women with endometriosis. Transvaginal ultrasound and laparoscopy are effective diagnostic tools. Treatment options include conservative laparoscopic excision or drainage of the cyst, medical management, and in severe cases, radical surgery such as hysterectomy. The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent recurrence while preserving fertility potential.
Endometriosis
This document discusses endometriosis, a condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus. It causes pain and infertility. The document covers the pathogenesis, risk factors, classification into superficial, ovarian, and deep infiltrating types based on location and severity. Symptoms include painful periods and sex. Diagnosis involves physical exam, ultrasound, MRI and laparoscopy. Staging uses the ASRM system from minimal to severe based on extent of disease and adhesions. Treatment aims to control symptoms and improve fertility.
Endometritis
Endometritis is an inflammation of the uterine lining caused by an infection, usually due to bacteria entering the uterus after childbirth or certain medical procedures. Common symptoms include abnormal bleeding, discharge, fever and abdominal pain. Diagnosis involves physical exam, cultures and other tests. Treatment involves antibiotics, rest, and treating any sexual partners. Without treatment, complications like infertility or pelvic infection can occur. Risk can be reduced through sterile medical techniques and preventing sexually transmitted infections.
Endometriosis (ayesha sherzada)
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Endometriosis is a disorder where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, most commonly on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and tissues lining the pelvis. Main symptoms include pelvic pain and infertility in nearly half of those affected. While the exact cause is unknown, possible explanations include retrograde menstruation, transformation of peritoneal cells, and transportation of endometrial cells through blood or lymphatic vessels. Treatment options include pain medication, hormone therapy using contraceptives or GnRH agonists/antagonists, and surgery for severe cases or infertility.
Endometriosis 1
Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, often attaching to other organs. It is a common disease among women of childbearing age that causes pain and sometimes infertility. While its exact causes are unknown, endometriosis is thought to be due to retrograde menstruation or genetic/immune factors. It has no cure and is diagnosed through laparoscopy, though various hormone treatments, surgery, pregnancy, and alternative therapies can help manage symptoms. Endometriosis can range from minimal to severe depending on the extent and location of tissue growth outside the uterus.
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The document provides an overview of endometriosis, including its introduction, epidemiology, risk factors, sites, theories of pathogenesis, clinical features, types, and impact on fertility. It describes endometriosis as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, most commonly involving the ovaries, pelvic peritoneum, and deep infiltrating sites. Retrograde menstruation and coelomic metaplasia are discussed as theories for how it develops. Clinical features include pelvic pain and infertility.
Endometriosis and
This document discusses endometriosis and adenomyosis. It defines endometriosis as endometrial tissue growing outside the uterine cavity, most commonly in the pelvis. Symptoms include painful periods and infertility. Diagnosis requires laparoscopy. Treatment options include pain medications, hormonal therapies, and surgery. Adenomyosis involves the growth of endometrial tissue into the uterine muscle wall. It causes heavy painful periods and a swollen uterus. Ultrasound and MRI can identify adenomyosis, while treatment may involve hormones or hysterectomy.
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The document summarizes endometriosis and adenomyosis. Endometriosis occurs when endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, most commonly on the ovaries, uterine ligaments and pelvis. It causes pain and infertility. Adenomyosis involves endometrial tissue in the uterine wall. Both can be diagnosed by laparoscopy and treated through drugs or surgery, with hysterectomy providing definitive treatment for severe adenomyosis.
ENDOMETRIOSIS
Endometriosis is a common benign gynecological condition defined by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus. It has a prevalence of 8-10% in reproductive aged women. Risk factors include early menarche, heavy periods, delayed childbirth, nulliparity, and family history. The exact cause is unknown but theories include retrograde menstruation implanting cells, coelomic metaplasia, and lymphatic/vascular spread. Common sites of lesions are the ovaries, pouch of Douglas, and uterosacral ligaments. Treatment involves laparoscopy for diagnosis and staging, with medical management using hormonal therapies or surgery for deep infiltrating disease.
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This document provides an overview of the diagnosis of endometriosis. It discusses the typical clinical presentations of endometriosis including dysmenorrhea, abnormal menstruation, and dyspareunia. Imaging modalities for diagnosis include transvaginal ultrasound, MRI, and laparoscopy which is considered the gold standard for definitive diagnosis. The document also reviews risk factors, classification systems, histological diagnosis, and biochemical markers of endometriosis.
Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a disease where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, most commonly in the pelvis. It can cause pelvic pain, infertility, and other symptoms. Treatment involves surgery to remove lesions and adhesions, as well as medical therapy using hormones to suppress ovarian function and estrogen production. Newer medical treatments targeting aromatase and local estrogen production are also showing promise for reducing endometriosis-associated pain.
Endometriosis
Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, commonly causing pelvic pain and infertility. It is a progressive disease that is diagnosed via laparoscopy. Treatment options include hormone therapy, surgery, or a combination, with the goal of relieving symptoms and potentially improving fertility. Recurrence rates after surgery are estimated to be around 19% after 5 years but are lower with more extensive surgical intervention such as oophorectomy.
Endometriosis
This document discusses various modalities used to investigate endometriosis, including serum markers, imaging, and laparoscopy. It provides details on CA-125 serum markers and various imaging techniques like ultrasound, MRI, CT, and color Doppler. Transvaginal ultrasound is highlighted as the most useful imaging method. Laparoscopy is described as the gold standard for diagnosing endometriosis and allows visualization of different types of endometriotic lesions. Histologic examination of biopsied tissue during laparoscopy provides confirmation of endometriosis.
Adenomyosis
Adenomyosis is a benign condition where endometrial tissue grows into the myometrium. It causes the uterus to enlarge asymmetrically, especially on the posterior wall. Women with adenomyosis typically experience heavy menstrual bleeding and painful periods that can occur throughout the month. Ultrasound and MRI can detect adenomyosis by showing cysts in the thickened myometrium and an indistinct endomyometrial junction. Treatment depends on a woman's age and fertility desires, ranging from medication like NSAIDs and oral contraceptives to hysterectomy for older, parous women.
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Endometriosis
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Great Treated for Endometriosis @ GIFT Gyno Hospital Cochin
GIFT Gyno IVF Centre is one of the best fertility clinics in Kerala provides advanced gyno and reproductive treatments at an affordable cost.
For more details
Contact us@https://www.giftivf.com/giftgynoivfcontact.html
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- The exact etiology is unknown but theories include retrograde menstruation, coelomic metaplasia, lymphatic or hematogenous spread, and direct transplantation from tissue trauma or surgery.
- Risk factors include infertility, early menarche, shorter menstrual cycles, and nulliparity.
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Endometriosis (ayesha sherzada)
endometriosis, its incidence, causes, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, classifications are discussed in detail.
Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a disorder where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, most commonly on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and tissues lining the pelvis. Main symptoms include pelvic pain and infertility in nearly half of those affected. While the exact cause is unknown, possible explanations include retrograde menstruation, transformation of peritoneal cells, and transportation of endometrial cells through blood or lymphatic vessels. Treatment options include pain medication, hormone therapy using contraceptives or GnRH agonists/antagonists, and surgery for severe cases or infertility.
Endometriosis 1
Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, often attaching to other organs. It is a common disease among women of childbearing age that causes pain and sometimes infertility. While its exact causes are unknown, endometriosis is thought to be due to retrograde menstruation or genetic/immune factors. It has no cure and is diagnosed through laparoscopy, though various hormone treatments, surgery, pregnancy, and alternative therapies can help manage symptoms. Endometriosis can range from minimal to severe depending on the extent and location of tissue growth outside the uterus.
ENDOMETRIOSIS
The document provides an overview of endometriosis, including its introduction, epidemiology, risk factors, sites, theories of pathogenesis, clinical features, types, and impact on fertility. It describes endometriosis as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, most commonly involving the ovaries, pelvic peritoneum, and deep infiltrating sites. Retrograde menstruation and coelomic metaplasia are discussed as theories for how it develops. Clinical features include pelvic pain and infertility.
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Endometriosis is a disease where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, most commonly in the pelvis. It can cause pelvic pain, infertility, and other symptoms. Treatment involves surgery to remove lesions and adhesions, as well as medical therapy using hormones to suppress ovarian function and estrogen production. Newer medical treatments targeting aromatase and local estrogen production are also showing promise for reducing endometriosis-associated pain.
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Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, commonly causing pelvic pain and infertility. It is a progressive disease that is diagnosed via laparoscopy. Treatment options include hormone therapy, surgery, or a combination, with the goal of relieving symptoms and potentially improving fertility. Recurrence rates after surgery are estimated to be around 19% after 5 years but are lower with more extensive surgical intervention such as oophorectomy.
Endometriosis
This document discusses various modalities used to investigate endometriosis, including serum markers, imaging, and laparoscopy. It provides details on CA-125 serum markers and various imaging techniques like ultrasound, MRI, CT, and color Doppler. Transvaginal ultrasound is highlighted as the most useful imaging method. Laparoscopy is described as the gold standard for diagnosing endometriosis and allows visualization of different types of endometriotic lesions. Histologic examination of biopsied tissue during laparoscopy provides confirmation of endometriosis.
Adenomyosis
Adenomyosis is a benign condition where endometrial tissue grows into the myometrium. It causes the uterus to enlarge asymmetrically, especially on the posterior wall. Women with adenomyosis typically experience heavy menstrual bleeding and painful periods that can occur throughout the month. Ultrasound and MRI can detect adenomyosis by showing cysts in the thickened myometrium and an indistinct endomyometrial junction. Treatment depends on a woman's age and fertility desires, ranging from medication like NSAIDs and oral contraceptives to hysterectomy for older, parous women.
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Endometriosis is a painful disorder in which tissue that normally lines the inside of your uterus the endometrium grows outside your uterus.
Great Treated for Endometriosis @ GIFT Gyno Hospital Cochin
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For more details
Contact us@https://www.giftivf.com/giftgynoivfcontact.html
#Endometriosis #GIFTGYNO #Cochin
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This document provides information about endometriosis. It defines endometriosis as the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, most often found in the ovaries and pelvis, which induces chronic inflammation. Some key points include:
- Endometriosis is most common in women of reproductive age.
- The exact etiology is unknown but theories include retrograde menstruation, coelomic metaplasia, lymphatic or hematogenous spread, and direct transplantation from tissue trauma or surgery.
- Risk factors include infertility, early menarche, shorter menstrual cycles, and nulliparity.
- Symptoms include pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dys
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The document discusses endometrial hyperplasia and various types of uterine cancers. It defines endometrium as the inner lining of the uterine wall that grows and sheds during menstruation. It describes endometrial hyperplasia as an increased proliferation of endometrial glands relative to the stroma. Endometrial hyperplasia is classified as simple, complex, or atypical depending on the presence of cell changes. The document also discusses endometrial carcinoma, the most common type of which is adenocarcinoma arising from the endometrium. Less common types include sarcomas arising from the uterine stroma or myometrium. Risk factors, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and
MULLERIAN ANOMALIES
The document provides an overview of Mullerian anomalies, which occur due to maldevelopment of the Mullerian ducts during embryonic development. It discusses the embryology of the female reproductive system and classifies Mullerian anomalies according to the American Fertility Society system. Common anomalies include septate uterus, bicornuate uterus, and uterine didelphys. Clinical features vary depending on the specific anomaly and whether it causes obstruction. Imaging can help identify the anomaly and determine appropriate surgical management when needed.
Approach to a patient of breast lump
This document provides an overview of evaluating and managing a breast lump. It discusses the anatomy of the breast and describes the triple assessment approach including clinical examination, imaging studies, and biopsy. Common benign and malignant breast conditions are outlined. Fine needle aspiration, core needle biopsy, and excisional biopsy techniques are also summarized. The document reviews breast cancer staging and provides examples of evaluating specific breast lumps.
PRIMARY AMENNORHOEA
This document discusses primary amenorrhea, defined as the absence of menstruation by age 15 with normal secondary sexual characteristics or by age 13 without normal secondary sexual characteristics. It classifies amenorrhea as physiological, pathological, primary, or secondary. Causes of primary amenorrhea include anatomical abnormalities, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and asynchronous pubertal development. Specific anatomical causes discussed in more detail include imperforate hymen, transverse vaginal septum, cervical atresia, and Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome. The document outlines the evaluation, history, exam findings, and investigations for a patient presenting
Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a disease where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, most commonly on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and peritoneum. It typically affects women during their reproductive years and some of the main symptoms include painful periods, pain with intercourse, and infertility. Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical examination, imaging like ultrasound, and laparoscopy which remains the gold standard for direct visualization and biopsy of suspicious lesions. Common signs seen at laparoscopy include powder burn-like black or blue lesions on the pelvic organs and peritoneum.
L35 Endometriosis
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, most commonly on the pelvic peritoneum and ovaries. It affects 5-10% of women and is a common cause of pelvic pain and infertility. While the exact cause is unknown, theories include retrograde menstruation through the fallopian tubes and genetic or immunological factors. Diagnosis involves laparoscopy to visualize lesions, and ultrasound or MRI may also help. Treatment depends on symptoms but may include pain medications, hormonal therapy, or surgery to remove growths or the ovaries/uterus. Surgical treatment can help fertility in mild-moderate cases.
Undescended Testis
Undescended testis, or cryptorchidism, is a common condition in infants where one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum. It occurs in approximately 3% of term male infants and is more common in premature infants. Left untreated, undescended testis can lead to infertility and an increased risk of testicular cancer. The standard treatment is orchidopexy surgery to bring the testis into the scrotum, which is usually performed between 6-12 months of age. For intra-abdominal undescended testes, a two-stage surgical approach may be used.
Leiomyomata uteri
A leiomyoma is a benign smooth muscle tumor that originates in the uterus. They are very common, affecting 20-40% of women during their reproductive years. The most common symptoms are abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pressure or pain. Treatment options include observation, medication/hormonal therapy, myomectomy (surgical removal), or hysterectomy depending on the severity of symptoms, size and location of fibroids, and desire for future fertility. Laparoscopic and vaginal approaches for myomectomy have benefits of less pain and faster recovery compared to open abdominal myomectomy.
Bladder
This document discusses various pathologies of the ureter, bladder, and urethra. It begins by describing common congenital anomalies of the ureter including double and bifid ureters as well as ureteropelvic junction obstruction. It then discusses non-neoplastic conditions of the bladder such as vesical diverticula, cystitis, and various metaplastic lesions. Neoplastic conditions covered include urothelial carcinoma and adenocarcinomas of the bladder. Finally, it briefly mentions primary carcinoma of the urethra.
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Uterine fibroid (leiomyoma) and new treatment modalities
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Tuberculosis (extra pulmonary)
The document summarizes tuberculosis (TB) pathology. It describes the bacteriology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis, which are common causes of TB. The pathogenesis of TB involves an initial inflammatory response followed by macrophage infiltration and formation of granulomas containing epithelioid cells and Langhans giant cells. TB lesions can be either productive or exudative depending on the organ involved. Microscopic findings include caseous necrosis surrounded by epithelioid and giant cells. TB can spread locally, via lymphatics or bloodstream to cause extrapulmonary or miliary disease. Organ involvement and response depends on factors like bacterial load, host immunity, and previous exposure.
Menopause (Signs and Symptoms)
1) The document discusses the clinical features, differential diagnosis, and investigations of menopause. It describes various symptoms that can occur during perimenopause and menopause such as hot flashes, sleep issues, mood changes, and changes to the skin, hair, cardiovascular and genitourinary systems.
2) Differential diagnoses are provided for different symptoms. Investigations like hormonal tests and imaging can help determine if symptoms are due to menopause or other potential medical conditions.
3) Natural menopause is diagnosed if a woman over age 40 has 12 months of amenorrhea accompanied by menopausal symptoms and elevated FSH levels on two separate occasions.
Genetic disorders 4
This document discusses the biochemical and molecular basis of single gene or Mendelian disorders. It explains that these disorders can be caused by mutations that affect protein or gene product synthesis, including transcription, mRNA processing, and translation. It provides examples of how abnormal proteins can directly or indirectly influence phenotype. Specific mechanisms covered include enzyme defects, defects in membrane receptors and transport systems, alterations in non-enzyme proteins, and genetically determined adverse drug reactions. Marfan syndrome is used as an example of a disorder of structural proteins caused by a mutation in the FBN1 gene for fibrillin-1.
Genetic disorders 3
The document discusses different patterns of inheritance for single gene disorders:
- Autosomal dominant disorders are expressed when only one copy of the abnormal gene is present and there is a 50% chance of passing it to offspring. Examples include Huntington's disease.
- Autosomal recessive disorders require two copies of the abnormal gene to be expressed and carriers can be unaffected. Examples include many inborn errors of metabolism.
- X-linked disorders are sex-linked, with recessive disorders mostly affecting males and dominant disorders affecting females. Examples include G6PD deficiency and vitamin D-resistant rickets.
Genetic disorders 2
The document summarizes genetic disorders caused by mutations, including different types of mutations and how they can cause disease. It discusses Mendelian disorders which result from mutations in single genes. These include autosomal dominant and recessive disorders as well as X-linked disorders, which are inherited in predictable patterns. Specific examples like sickle cell anemia are provided to illustrate different concepts.
Genetic disorders 1
The document discusses genetics and genetic disorders. It provides background on chromosomes, genes, Gregor Mendel's foundational work in genetics, DNA structure, mRNA, tRNA, amino acids, and the genetic code. It also covers topics like genetic engineering, gene therapy, and molecular techniques used to study human diseases.
ALS and BTLS
The document describes a case of successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on a 45-year-old military officer who collapsed during exercise. Bystanders immediately began CPR and the patient was defibrillated multiple times, regaining a pulse after 94 minutes of resuscitation efforts. He survived without neurological deficits. The case demonstrates the importance of early CPR and defibrillation for cardiac arrest patients.
Airway obstruction and management
The document discusses airway obstruction and management. It defines the airway and why maintaining a clear airway is important. Three key reasons maintaining an airway is important are: sensitive organs like the brain and heart can die within minutes without oxygen; the trauma patient's airway should be addressed first; and the crucial first few minutes after injury. The document outlines various airway rescue methods including manual maneuvers like head tilt and chin lift, instrumentation like oropharyngeal airways and endotracheal tubes, and surgical options like cricothyroidotomy if other methods fail.
Acute renal failure
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ACLS 2010
The document discusses the 2010 AHA guidelines for ACLS (Advanced Cardiac Life Support). It notes that ACLS is an extension of BLS (Basic Life Support) and focuses on monitoring, defibrillation, cardioversion, airway management, IV access, and drug administration during CPR. The summary highlights some of the key changes from the 2005 to 2010 guidelines for cardiac arrest, tachyarrhythmias, and bradyarrhythmias. It also emphasizes the importance of high-quality CPR with an adequate rate and depth, minimizing interruptions, and allowing full chest recoil.
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The document discusses Plasmodium, the parasite that causes malaria. It describes the different Plasmodium species that infect humans, including P. falciparum which causes the most severe form of malaria. The life cycle is explained, involving an asexual replication phase in humans and a sexual phase in mosquitos. Symptoms include fever, anemia, and enlarged spleen. Diagnosis involves examining blood smears under a microscope to identify the Plasmodium species and recommend treatment, usually chloroquine for sensitive strains.
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Endometriosis
- 14. COLONIC WALL (higher magnif.)
- 15. CLASSIFICATION (correlation b/w histological, morphological and functional activity) White nodule or flattened fibrotic scar No response Glands only HEALED Papule and (later) nodule Proliferative, variable secretory change, no menstruation Glands and stroma ENCLOSED Haemorrhagic vesicle /bleb Proliferative, secretory and menstrual changes Surface epithelium, glands and stroma FREE Laparoscopic appearance Hormonal response Components Histological subtype
- 20. IN THE END A SMALL VIDEO AND THANK YOU