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Change Agent Strategies: Emotion of Change
This document discusses managing emotions during organizational change. It begins by stating that change is personal and involves feelings, yet emotions are often ignored in management. It then discusses how emotions color perception and are critical to change projects. It describes different emotional states people experience during change, such as denial, resistance, and commitment. The document presents models for understanding how emotions affect behavior and outlines strategies managers can use to help people transition through change, such as communication, training, and facilitating exploration of new roles. These strategies aim to minimize discomfort during the change process.
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Change Agent Strategies: Emotion of Change
- 1. Emotion of Change ●Chee Liung Wun ● Lim Shieh Chern ● Ng Yee Jie ●
- 2. Change is intenselypersonal and fundamentally about feelings. However, emotions are frequently perceived as “uncomfortable knowledge” and are to be avoided or ignored in management. Thus, companies that want their workers to contribute with their heads and hearts have to accept that emotions are essential to the new management style (Duck, 1993) Introduction
- 3. Emotions color allperception, thinking, and behavior, and often are critical variables in both effective and ineffective change projects (Lundberg & Young, 2001) Terminology of Emotion
- 5. An organization deniesthe validity of emotions or permits only certain kind of emotions in the workplace causes: Managers cut themselves off from their own emotional lives The ideas, solutions, and new perspectives were cut off Importance of Emotion
- 6. People do nothave problem with change itself, but rather with transition. Change is the situation, but transition is “psychological” (Bridges, 1991) Recognizing and Knowing Emotion of Change
- 7. Stage 1: Denial Employeesdo not accept the changes Stage 2: Resistance Employees in this state tend to slow down the change process Stage 3: Exploration Employees begin to explore their new role when they realize they cannot resist the change Stage 4: Commitment Employees are mutually committed in change process Emotional States Kubler - Ross Grief Model
- 8. Lundberg andYoung (2001) Two Phenomena of Emotions • Vary from weak to strong in intensity, are relatively short in persistence, and are not diffuse in that they have particular stimuli. Affective reactions • Less intense, typically of longer duration, and are diffuse in that they are not associated with anything in particular. Moods
- 9. Three Dimensions: TwoPhenomena of Emotions (cont.) • Felt strength of an emotion • Duration of an emotion over time • Whether emotion is focused or targeted on an object
- 10. Dimensions of AffectiveResponse and Mood High Positive (joyful, energetic & exhilarated) Low Positive (apathetic, sluggish & listless) Low Negative (calm, content & placid) High Negative (anger, sorrow & anxiety) Unpleasant (sad, distress & sober) Pleasant (happy, pleased & carefree) Aroused (restless, astonished & changeable) Unaroused (peaceful, quiescent & controlled) Source: Adapted from Weiss and Cropanzano (1996)
- 11. Emotions Affect Behavior Affectivereactions are object- focused, shorter in durations, and vary in intensity. Affective reactions response to particular perceived events. Moods are less intense, more diffuse, with an object focus – reflect a person’s life events (especially changes in status and power) How emotions relate to observable behavior begins with a perceived event, which triggers an affective response, sometimes conditioned by a mood. Affective reactions primarily, and moods are more distally, have an impact on cognitive processed, that is, attention, judgment, reasoning, analysis, creativity in problem solving, efficiency, and thoroughness in decision-making.
- 12. Cognitive processed, in turn,result in social behavior. Social behavior is filtered through “feeling rules” or “display rules”. Conformance to these rules are termed “emotional labor”. Emotional labor is managing dissonance between felt emotions and the emotions one is expected to portray. Emotions Affect Behavior (cont.)
- 13. The Model ofEmotion-Influenced Behavior Perceived Events Affective Reactions Mood Cognitive Processes Behavior Emotional Display Rules Emotional Labor Cost Source: From Lundberg and Young (2001)
- 14. New management paradigmsays that: Managing people is managing feelings. The issue is not whether employees have “negative” emotions, but rather how to manage them. Managing Emotion of Change
- 15. Edgar Schein ManagingEmotion of Change SurvivalAnxiety The experienced tension between what is desired and what is perceived to be the present reality LearningAnxiety The prospect of learning something new Greater Than
- 16. 1. Communication andstimulating conversation Managing Emotion of Change (cont.)
- 17. 2. Preparing employeesthru trainings & coaching 3. Facilitation Managing Emotion of Change (cont.) To minimize the discomfort and anxiety of the change process A process guide to make a process easier or more convenient for the employees during change.
- 18. Transition Managementis a way of dealing with people that makes everyone feel more comfortable when facing organizational change. Transition Management Phrase I, Letting Go Phrase II, Leading people through neutral zone Phrase III, Launching new beginning
- 19. Pietersen’s framework isbased on six principal elements that can minimize resistance and assist the successful implementation of change Create a simple, compelling statement Communicate constantly and honestly Maximise participation If at else fails, remove those who resist Generate short-term wins Set a shining example Pietersen Framework
- 20. For Change Agents Conversationsand sharing experience with peers/competitors in other organizations Talking with friends who work in the same field Formal networking with other sustainable development types Attendance at training courses and learning programmes Signing up to e-newsgroups, email groups or web-based discussion forums Informal networking (e.g. ‘green drinks’, socializing, occasional coffees)
- 21. Emotion involvementis inevitable part of any organization change process. Employees do not resist change per se but rather, the impact of the change on them. Thus the new paradigm in managing people during change process is managing emotion. The strategy is to make everyone feel more comfortable during the change process, using management frameworks and tools that are discussed above. Conclusion
- 22. Thank You Q &A Session
Editor's Notes
- #2 Welcome back from break Topic speaks right into your heart
- #3 You know why you emotional just now? Because........... You cannot have change without Emotion, these are like Siamese twins. Insaparable Therefore companies that want their workers to contribute with their heads and hearts have to accept that emotions are essential to the new management style. However most companies if not all Companies frequently perceived emotion as “uncomfortable knowledge” and are to be avoided or ignored in management. “Taboo” Whether u work in MNC of Local companies. Local Company-If too emotional-Useless employee, doesn’t listen to instruction- Fire MNC Company- If too emotional-Too negative – No promotion
- #4 Every Experience Change Agent, every consultant “know” that We can’t have full understanding of organization event if we ignore emotion Because every action is emotionally laden, whether we acknowledge it or not
- #6 Why is emotion so important? Because when………2 things happen -The first Even more important, they cut………. …………………..That people can contribute
- #7 As a good Change Agent, Change- New Boss, Reorganization “Psychology” – Loss of colleague, good friend Loss of comfortable/fun ways of doing things Loss of favorite parking, cozy room.
- #8 Org. has an element of loss Inherent in the Process & it’s this loss that’s deeply felt by employee To address the emotional issues associated with with, - Kubler Grief Model Why Grief? Introduced by Elizabeth, 1969, “On Death & Dying”- Describe Stage/process by ppl go thru grief & Tragedy(Terminal Illness, loss of loved ones) Stage 1: Can’t be happening” , not me Stage 2: Derail. A) Easiest- Heroes Openly indicate dissatisfaction, B) Denying-Reluctant to accept existing problem C) Understand but resist change, (Extra time & effort), D) Confused- Genuine or Used as Excuse D) Malicious – Pretend Stage 3: Both individual & Overall role of the group are specifically defined in this stage. Stage 4: Obstacles have been removed, focus is on successful implementation of the change
- #16 Survival Anxiety This is the feeling that unless we learn something new, we are going to be out of business or fail to achieve some important goals. Learning Anxiety Employees realize that new learning might cause them to be temporarily incompetent, expose them to rejection, or even losing their identity. Thus learning anxiety causes employees to react defensively by denying the reality and is the basis for resistance to change.
- #19 Phrase I, Letting Go: The ending of the old. Acknowledge employees’ feeling of depression & empathy with the reality and importance of perceived losses. Treat people with respect and communicate with them. Phrase II, Leading people through neutral zone: There is nothing to hold on to, and anxiety and self doubt are up. Motivation and efficiency are low. Give time for employees to go thru this tough time but keep them focus. Phrase III, launching new beginning. Explain purpose, give everyone a picture, have a plan & involve every staff members in brainstorming and encourage creativity.
- #21 For change agents to overcome the emotional effects, they need to create their own support system. The support system generally consists of trusted people that can provide emotional support and serve as advisor or listener to the change agents. The trusted people could be the change agents’ colleagues, the employees or the top management person in the organization.
- #22 As our conclusion: Emotion ……………..Like Siamese Twin, inseparable As it might cause them to temporarily incompetent, exposed to rejection worse still loss identity. …. Like facilitation, lots of training & promote communication