3. What is disadvantaged, what does it
means : educational needs
• lacking in the basic resources or conditions (as
standard housing, medical and educational
facilities, and civil rights) believed to be
necessary for an equal position in society
• In Belgium 5 indicators: health, work, financial
situation, housing, educational history, more
of 3 negative= disadvantaged
4. What is disadvantaged, what
educational needs
• Less than 3 indicators= “unfortunated people”
they had no luck. There is no word in English
that describes this “kansengroep” ( group)
• Educational needs: (see Baert ) 4 levels
1. Feeling of dissatisfaction, not to express
2. Wording of a question, a need
3. Seeing the educational opportunities to answer
the educational question
4. Action: educational participation
5. First year 2010-2011
• Autobiographical stories, conclusions
presented in a practice theory (more survey
necessary)
learning process of adults in difficult
situations is typical:
6. Learning in difficult situations
• They all lived in an endangered world
• They have survival experiences
• They use their survival skills in learning
situations
• they set realistic outcomes from short terms
• yet they have long-term goals
• They have strong internal motivations
• They shows a very mature behavior
7. Learning in difficult situations
• The self-confidence, self-esteem is strong but
possible not related to diverse cultures (where
they live) so they have identity stress
• The locus of control is internal (is a theory in
personality psychology referring to the extent to
which individuals believe that they can control
events that affect them.)
• they are in charge of their destiny, they perceive
their ability to change events, to change their
lives
8. Learning in difficult situations
• They need a personal approach, they flourish
in an invironment where someone gives a
strong support
• The benefits of a diploma are stronger than
the costs
• Someone said: "if a mother is motivated to
learn, then you motivate the whole family”
• Mostly: mobility is not a threshold to start a
study
9. Learning in difficult situations
• They are adults, and adults learn different:
– Responsible
– + reinforcement is a strong part of the
teaching/learning process: “yes you can “
– Retention: not only accept information but also
repetition or recall of the information by
experiences, doing, observation, autobiographical
learning, so that information is meaningful
, significant
10. Learning in difficult situations-
- transferability: they want to use
information in a new setting
-practice orientated: the information must
be useful in the practice
- ….
11. LEARNING FROM DIFFICULT
SITUATIONS
• all the visual images were invented by the
students!
• Link to the movie:
12. Depth interviews
• +- 40 interviews carried out by the students:
• a list of questions about educational
capacity, based on Baert and co
• the questionnaire has not been processed, but
there are already noticeable trends:
– Locus of control is external
– Mobility is a threshold
– Socio-demographic characteristics are more important
by disadvantaged learners , the educational history is
different, expectations on a very short time (magic)
13. Depth interviews
• Low self-esteem
• Educational needs are very confused, vague
• Emphasis on costs ,contra’s
• A lot of structural problems: attractive
offer, time duration, pace of learning time
, price…
