6. Grammar
- The set of rules that explain how words
are used in a language.
7. The foundational knowledge of sentence
structure, subject/verb agreement, pronoun
use, verb tenses, etc. will be learned by
example through listening to other people
speak correctly. Conversely, if poor speech is
modeled, it will become the standard.
13. Inference
- The act or process of reaching a conclusion
about something from known facts or evidence.
14. One simplified model for teaching inference
includes the following assumptions:
1. We need to find clues to get some answers.
2. We need to add those clues to what we
already know.
3. There can be more than one correct answer.
4. We need to be able to support inferences.
15. Why Listening?
Children who engage in listening activities are free to
devote their attention to the inference-making aspects of the
comprehension process.
Another reason for choosing listening over reading as
a means for helping a student learn to infer is the fact that
teachers have the opportunity to select instructional
materials without looking upon for the readability of those
materials. This makes it possible to use the many fine trade
books written for children, as well as any recordings of
those books.
20. Teaching the skill of listening cannot be
emphasized enough in a communicative
classroom. For second language learners,
developing the skill of listening comprehension is
extremely important. Students with good listening
comprehension skills are better able to participate
effectively in class (Brown, 2001).