Stammering is a speech problem that causes low self-esteem in children. Some tips to help children overcome stammering include slowing down their speech, maintaining eye contact, not interrupting them or finishing their sentences, and encouraging them to speak as often as possible in a supportive environment. Aphasia is a disorder caused by brain damage that affects speaking, listening, reading, and writing. While some may recover on their own, speech therapy is often helpful and aims to improve communication through restoring language abilities and learning new methods. Family support plays an important role by simplifying language and including the person in conversations.

1. Stammering is a speech problem and it results in low self esteem and low confidence levels in the child. Children should be made to overcome stammering by figuring out the reasons. Here are some tips to overcome stammer. stammering

2. First, realise that you or your child doesn't have to be fluent all the time. Some form of stammering affects almost everyone in varying degrees. Even who you perceive as fluent speakers may say words like 'ah' or 'er' every now and again. Others repeat the same word a few times before carrying on, while others stammer or fumble over certain words. If you or your child stammers, you should aim on trying to reduce the amount of stammering, not on completely getting rid of it.

3. Slow down. People who stammer usually do get nervous when speaking to others, and this causes them to speak faster than normal. When their fast speech is coupled with stammering, their words get more even incoherent, and they may have to repeat themselves to make themselves understood. This naturally affects their confidence still further, worsening the stammering. So if your child stammers, he should consciously try to slow down his speech. If your child stammers while speaking to you, never interrupt him or finish off the sentence for him. Don't show impatience. Listen to him calmly and let him complete what he is saying, by himself. Maintain eye contact with your child when he is speaking. Looking away will give the impression that you are not listening to what he is saying.

4. Don't make him repeat certain words if he stumbles over them. He may repeat them fine this time, but it's not going to help him for the next time. Don't tell your child to take a deep breath before starting or to think about what he is going to say before saying it. These things don't help. Make your child read out a paragraph from a book aloud everyday. Reading out something is easier from speaking impromptu because you don't have to form the thoughts before saying something out aloud. Encourage your child to speak as often as possible. Invite your friends over and let your child speak to them for a while before going to his room.

5. Don't get frustrated with your stammering. If you are in a situation which makes you nervous, instead of shutting up completely ask questions of the other person. Don't try and distract the person from your stammering by making exaggerated body movements. You can move your hands around a little - it may help you get your point across - but don't try and hide your stammer.

6. aphasia Aphasia is a disorder that results from damage to the parts of the brain that contain language. Aphasia causes problems with any or all of the following: speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Damage to the left side of the brain causes aphasia for most right-handers and about half of left-handers. Individuals who experience damage to the right side of the brain may have additional difficulties beyond speech and language. Individuals with aphasia may also have other problems, such as dysarthria, apraxia or swallowing problems.

7. In some cases, a person will completely recover from aphasia without treatment. But for most cases, language recovery is not as quick or as complete. In these instances, speech-language therapy is often helpful. Recovery usually continues over a two-year period. Many health professionals believe that the most effective treatment begins early in the recovery process. Some of the factors that influence the amount of improvement include the cause of the brain damage, the area of the brain that was damaged, the extent of the brain injury, and the age and health of the individual.

8. Aphasia therapy aims to improve a person’s ability to communicate by helping him or her to use remaining language abilities, restore language abilities as much as possible, compensate for language problems, and learn other methods of communicating. Individual therapy focuses on the specific needs of the person, while group therapy offers the opportunity to use new communication skills in a small-group setting. Stroke clubs, regional support groups formed by people who have had a stroke, are available in most major cities. These clubs also offer the opportunity for people with aphasia to try new communication skills.

9. Family involvement is often a crucial component of aphasia treatment so that family members can learn the best way to communicate with their loved one. Family members are encouraged to: Simplify language by using short, uncomplicated sentences. Repeat the content words or write down key words to clarify meaning as needed. Maintain a natural conversational manner appropriate for an adult. Minimize distractions, such as a loud radio or TV, whenever possible. Include the person with aphasia in conversations. Ask for and value the opinion of the person with aphasia, especially regarding family matters. Encourage any type of communication, whether it is speech, gesture, pointing, or drawing. Avoid correcting the person’s speech. Allow the person plenty of time to talk. Help the person become involved outside the home. Seek out support groups such as stroke clubs.

10. Other treatment approaches involve the use of computers to improve the language abilities of people with aphasia. Studies have shown that computer-assisted therapy can help people with aphasia retrieve certain parts of speech, such as the use of verbs. Computers can also provide an alternative system of communication for people with difficulty expressing language. Lastly, computers can help people who have problems perceiving the difference between phonemes (the sounds from which words are formed) by providing auditory discrimination exercises.