The document discusses the current status and growth of the electrospinning equipment market. It notes that interest in electrospinning technology to produce nanofibers has grown significantly in recent years due to various applications. This has led to growth in the number of lab-scale electrospinning equipment manufacturers and models available, ranging from basic to advanced systems. Key factors influencing the choice of equipment include modularity, sample size, throughput, safety, and price, depending on whether it will be used for academic or industrial research. The market for electrospinning equipment is expected to continue expanding rapidly to enable further research and industrial adoption of nanofiber technologies.

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CURRENT STATUS OF ELECTROSINNING EQUIPMENT MARKET
C. TEKMEN
ELMARCO, Czech Republic
cagri.tekmen@elmarco.com
Abstract: Electrospinning is a unique method of producing nanofibers. It has received a great deal of
attention in recent times due to the significant benefits of using nanofibers in wide range of applications
including filtration, technical textile, energy and medical. In parallel to this rising interest the electrospinning
equipment market is rapidly growing and has already produced increased competition particularly among
laboratory-scale equipment suppliers. Today, a wide range of laboratory scale equipments from very basic to
advanced specifications are available. It has been observed that modularity, sample size, throughput, safety
and price are key decision parameters for end-user. This paper takes a closer look at electrospinning
equipment manufacturers by highlighting key specifications.
Keywords: Electrospinning, Nanofiber, Equipment, Market
1. Introduction
Electrospinning provides a simple and versatile method for producing nanofibers from a rich variety of
materials that include polymers, composites, and ceramics with diameters ranging from several nanometers
to several micrometers. The first description of a process recognizable as –electrospinning– was in 1902
when Cooley filed a United States patent entitled “Apparatus for electrically dispersing fluids”. In his patent
(US 692631), he describes a method of using high voltage power supplies to generate yarn. In a typical
process, an electrical potential is applied between a droplet of a polymer solution, or melt, held at the end of
a capillary tube and a grounded target. When the applied electric field overcomes the surface tension of the
droplet, a charged jet of polymer solution is ejected from the tip of the Taylor cone and the discharged
polymer solution jet undergoes an instability and elongation process, which allows the jet to become very
long and thin. Meanwhile, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind a charged polymer fiber. In the case of the
melt the discharged jet solidifies when it travels in the air. A typical scanning electron microscope (SEM)
image of electrospun polymeric nanofibers is shown in Figure 1. With small fiber diameter, low density, large
specific surface area, small pore size, interconnected pore structure, and high porosity, electrospun
nanofibers have been successfully applied in various fields, such as, tissue engineering scaffolds, technical
textile, air and liquid filtration, pharmaceutical, optical electronics, solar and fuel cells and batteries [1-4].
Figure 1. A typical SEM image of polymeric nanofibers at different magnifications a) x5000 and b) x600

2. Interest into electrospinning technology is
and 150 patents have been published in 2011
of published articles. Among patent
topics. A detailed analysis can be found in
a significant market. According to a recent market research report global revenues for na
products were an estimated US$382 million in 2011, growing to around $852 million by 2017 [
markets for polymer nanofibers are in air and
Figure 2. Statistics of published a) articles and b) patents about electrospun nanofibers. (
and electrospinning, Web of Science Database)
The growing nanofiber market has leads an increase in nanofiber production equipment manufacturer
increase is particularly significant for lab
technologies, which are Nanospider
(centrifugal spinning) from Fiberio. In addition, there are several suppliers offering multi
electrospinning equipment. However, these systems are subject to problems related to polymer clogging at
the spinneret nozzle, which may limit the achievable throughput of conti
paper will address only the lab-scale equipment.
is given in Figure 3. Combining of up to four spinning units, NS
throughput for cost effective nanofiber
Figure
2. Methods and Results
A recent study shows that about twenty
globally. Based on equipment specifications and
be found in the market for a wide range of price
classified based on some key specifications as listed
simplest type of equipment comprises only a high
rotating drum) which are the minimum requirements to start producing nanofibers.
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technology is constantly growing. As shown in Figure 2
and 150 patents have been published in 2011. Statistics shows that USA, China, and South Korea hold
patent applications filtration media, methods, and apparatus
can be found in a recent review by Persano et al., [5]. This strong interest
. According to a recent market research report global revenues for na
products were an estimated US$382 million in 2011, growing to around $852 million by 2017 [
markets for polymer nanofibers are in air and water filtration, composites and textiles.
Statistics of published a) articles and b) patents about electrospun nanofibers. (Keywords
and electrospinning, Web of Science Database)
The growing nanofiber market has leads an increase in nanofiber production equipment manufacturer
increase is particularly significant for lab-scale equipments as production at industrial scale is limited with few
technologies, which are Nanospider™ (free-surface electrospinning) from Elmarco [
Fiberio. In addition, there are several suppliers offering multi
electrospinning equipment. However, these systems are subject to problems related to polymer clogging at
the spinneret nozzle, which may limit the achievable throughput of continuous production processes. This
scale equipment. An industrial-scale electrospinning equipment from Elmarco
Combining of up to four spinning units, NS Production Lines deliver high volume
nanofiber production.
Figure 2. NS 8S1600U – Nanospider™ Production Line
about twenty companies are supplying lab-scale electrospinning
Based on equipment specifications and accessories a variety of model, from basic to advanced, can
be found in the market for a wide range of price. Since the selection is wide, lab
classified based on some key specifications as listed in Table 1. As seen from Figure
simplest type of equipment comprises only a high-voltage supply, a syringe pump and a collector (plate or
rotating drum) which are the minimum requirements to start producing nanofibers.
Istanbul Textile Congress 2013
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2, more than 400 articles
USA, China, and South Korea hold 70%
filtration media, methods, and apparatus are the main
his strong interest created
. According to a recent market research report global revenues for nanofiber related
products were an estimated US$382 million in 2011, growing to around $852 million by 2017 [6]. Main
water filtration, composites and textiles.
Keywords: polymer, nanofibers
The growing nanofiber market has leads an increase in nanofiber production equipment manufacturers. This
scale equipments as production at industrial scale is limited with few
surface electrospinning) from Elmarco [7] and Forcespinning™
Fiberio. In addition, there are several suppliers offering multi-needle/nozzle
electrospinning equipment. However, these systems are subject to problems related to polymer clogging at
nuous production processes. This
scale electrospinning equipment from Elmarco
Production Lines deliver high volume
electrospinning equipment
a variety of model, from basic to advanced, can
the selection is wide, lab-scale equipments are
Figure 3a, “starter” is the
voltage supply, a syringe pump and a collector (plate or

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Extensive basic research has shown the outstanding benefits of nanofibers in a variety of applications in
environment, energy and medical. The availability to produce nanofibers at industrial scale allows successful
transfers from basic research to industrial applications. Such potential also created a demand in more
advanced lab-scale equipments with additional specifications and accessories. Some specifications are
required for process and safety reasons. For example, an atmosphere control system is important to produce
nanofibers with desired properties since environmental conditions (temperature and humidity) strongly
influence the electrospinning process. Also, a ventilation system might be necessary in case of using
solvents. An example for “advanced” type equipment (NS 1WS500U) is shown in Figure 3b. Based on
Elmarco‘s proprietary needle-free electrospinning process, the NS 1WS500U combines industrial production
technology with features of high-end laboratory tool [3].
A: Syringe pump
B: Single needle
C: High voltage supply
D: Fibers
E: Collector
Figure 3. Lab-scale electrospinning equipment a) starter type (single needle) and b) advanced type (needle-free)
Among the manufacturers, the majority is supplying basic and standard type equipment based on needle
type electrospinning. Almost one third of the manufacturers are from Czech Republic, Japan and India.
Depending on the technology, quality, specifications and available accessories the price of lab-scale
equipment is ranging from ten to hundred thousand of US dollars. Only leading suppliers provide on-site
training and customer support.
Table 1. Classification of lab-scale equipment based on main specifications
Specification Starter Basic Standard Advanced
Single jet ● ● ● ●
Plate collector ● ● ● ●
Rotating drum ● ● ● ●
Rotating disc ● ● ●
Core-shell ● ● ●
Chamber ● ● ●
Polarity ● ● ●
Axis control ● ● ●
Insulation ● ●
Ventilation ● ●
Multi jet ● ●
Conveyer belt ● ●
Air flow ●
Atmosphere control ●
Remote control ●
Safety ●

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Another result of this study shows modularity, samples size, throughput, safety and price are the main
factors influencing the decision when buying lab-scale equipment. For example, for academic research –
modularity– is very important for an equipment to be capable of carrying out different research projects. Also,
–price– is a key factor since most academia and governmental institutions have limited budget. Conversely,
for industrial research and development –sample size– and –throughput– are more important factors. In
addition to these key factors, uniformity, homogeneity, reproducibility, and ability to scale up are other
important parameters that have to be taken into account.
Table 2. Key decision making parameters
Modularity Sample size Throughput Safety Price
Starter ●●●● ● ● ● ●
Basic ●●● ●● ●● ●● ●●
Standard ●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●●
Advanced ● ●●●● ●●●● ●●●● ●●●●
(●–lowest; ●●●●–highest)
3. Conclusion
The market of lab-scale electrospinning equipment is expected to grow significantly due to the unique
benefits of nanofibers and their application in a wide range of industrial fields including environment, energy,
biotechnology and pharmaceutics. The continuous development driven by basic and applied research will
stimulate the demand for lab-scale equipment. Many technological solutions are already being transferred
from basic research to industrial applications. Several companies are active as providers of electrospinning
equipment as well as of nanofiber based products.
References
[1] Li, D. & Xia, Y.: Electrospinning of Nanofibers: Reinventing the Wheel?, Advanced Materials, 16, 1151-
1170, (2004).
[2] Doshi, J. & Reneker, D.H.: Electrospinning Process and Applications of Electrospun Fibers, Journal of
Electrostatics, 35, 151-160, (1995).
[3] Tucker, N.; Stanger, J,; Staiger, M.P.; Razzaq, H. & Hofman, K.: The History of the Science and
Technology of Electrospinning from 1600 to 1995, Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, 7(2), 63–
73, (2012).
[4] Ramakrishna, S.; Fujihara, K. & Teo, W.E.: An Introduction to Electrospinning and Nanofibers, World
Scientific Publishing, ISBN 981-256-415-2, (2005).
[5] Persano, L.; Camposeo A.; Tekmen, C. & Pisignano, D.: Industrial Upscaling of Electrospinning and
Applications of Polymer Nanofibers: A Review, Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, (2013)
[6] The Global Market for Nanofibers, Future Markets Inc, Technology Report No. 61, Second Edition,
(2012)
[7] http://www.elmarco.com/