This paper represent the innovative trends
and aspect of green nanotechnology development
challenges and opportunities in the field of alternative
technology to assist in future developments in this field.
There are various innovative applications of green Nanotechnology
in different- different fields like Energy,
Medicine and Drugs, Nano bio-technology, Nano devices,
Optical Engineering, Defence & Security, Bio
Engineering,Cosmetics,Nano Fabrics etc. Nanotechnology
improves the process of production and also improves the
quality of products. It works at the molecular level and
utilizes the more advanced concept, idea and research for
the development of different fields and production.
14th International Conference and Exhibition on Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutic...Evelyn Smith
Conference Series Ltd organizes highly notable pharmaceutical conferences throughout the world. Currently we are bringing forth “14th International Conference and Exhibition on Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology” (NanoMed 2018) scheduled to be held during April 09-11, 2018 at Amsterdam, Netherlands. The conference gathers all the participants across the globe to attend and share their insights and convey recent developments in the field of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Drug delivery. The main theme of the conference is “Emerging Importance of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology to Drive the Pharma Industry”.
NanoPharma 2018 aims to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers, research scholars, fellow key decision makers and experts all-around the Academic Institutions, Healthcare Institutes, Pharmaceutical, Biotech, Biomedical, Formulation scientists and researchers making the congress a perfect platform to share experience, foster collaborations through the research talks & presentations to put forward many thought provoking strategies. It's a perfect stage to brainstorm, discover new ideas, search for new skills and a platform to show your capabilities and discoveries to the world. It also provides a premier interdisciplinary platform for researchers, practitioners and educators to present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, and concerns as well as practical challenges encountered and solutions opted in the fields of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine.
Conference Highlights:
Nanomedicines and Biomedical Applications | Drug Discovery and Designing | Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology | Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering | Drug Delivery Research | Novel Drug Delivery Systems | Nano Pharmaceuticals | Nanobiotechnology | Graphene Medicine | Personalized Nanomedicine | Nanomedicine & Cancer | Pharmaceutical Companies and Markets | Business Opportunities in Nanotechnology
For more details Visit: http://nanotechnology.pharmaceuticalconferences.com/
Antitumor applications of nano-traditional Chinese medicineLucyPi1
An article by Deng et al. [1] that was first published in ACS Nano in 2019 revealed that nanoparticles extracted from cuttlefish ink (CINPs) could inhibit tumor growth by synergizing immunotherapy and photothermal therapy. The researchers found that these CINPs, which had significant antitumor efficacy, could effectively reprogram tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from the immune-suppressive M2-like phenotype to the antitumor M1-like phenotype.
Nanotechnology and potential in Cancer therapy and treatmentladen12
this presentation focuses on new nanotechnology and it possible use in detection and therapy with cancer. it was prepared by final year biochemistry student at NCU.
This power point presentation will tell you from basics to advance nano-technologies that are being used in health sciences. It will explain abut the various nano-materials that are helping in diagnostics, therapeutics and medical research.
14th International Conference and Exhibition on Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutic...Evelyn Smith
Conference Series Ltd organizes highly notable pharmaceutical conferences throughout the world. Currently we are bringing forth “14th International Conference and Exhibition on Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology” (NanoMed 2018) scheduled to be held during April 09-11, 2018 at Amsterdam, Netherlands. The conference gathers all the participants across the globe to attend and share their insights and convey recent developments in the field of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Drug delivery. The main theme of the conference is “Emerging Importance of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology to Drive the Pharma Industry”.
NanoPharma 2018 aims to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers, research scholars, fellow key decision makers and experts all-around the Academic Institutions, Healthcare Institutes, Pharmaceutical, Biotech, Biomedical, Formulation scientists and researchers making the congress a perfect platform to share experience, foster collaborations through the research talks & presentations to put forward many thought provoking strategies. It's a perfect stage to brainstorm, discover new ideas, search for new skills and a platform to show your capabilities and discoveries to the world. It also provides a premier interdisciplinary platform for researchers, practitioners and educators to present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, and concerns as well as practical challenges encountered and solutions opted in the fields of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine.
Conference Highlights:
Nanomedicines and Biomedical Applications | Drug Discovery and Designing | Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology | Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering | Drug Delivery Research | Novel Drug Delivery Systems | Nano Pharmaceuticals | Nanobiotechnology | Graphene Medicine | Personalized Nanomedicine | Nanomedicine & Cancer | Pharmaceutical Companies and Markets | Business Opportunities in Nanotechnology
For more details Visit: http://nanotechnology.pharmaceuticalconferences.com/
Antitumor applications of nano-traditional Chinese medicineLucyPi1
An article by Deng et al. [1] that was first published in ACS Nano in 2019 revealed that nanoparticles extracted from cuttlefish ink (CINPs) could inhibit tumor growth by synergizing immunotherapy and photothermal therapy. The researchers found that these CINPs, which had significant antitumor efficacy, could effectively reprogram tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from the immune-suppressive M2-like phenotype to the antitumor M1-like phenotype.
Nanotechnology and potential in Cancer therapy and treatmentladen12
this presentation focuses on new nanotechnology and it possible use in detection and therapy with cancer. it was prepared by final year biochemistry student at NCU.
This power point presentation will tell you from basics to advance nano-technologies that are being used in health sciences. It will explain abut the various nano-materials that are helping in diagnostics, therapeutics and medical research.
A nanometer is a billionth of a meter
It's difficult to imagine anything so small, but think of
something only 1/80,000 the width of a human hair
Ten hydrogen atoms could be laid side-by- side in a single nanometer.
Nanotechnology is the creation of useful materials, devices, and systems through the manipulation of matter on this miniscule scale
There are many interesting nanodevices being developed that have a potential to improve cancer detection, diagnosis, and treatment
Electronics and computational techniques are increasingly being used to analyze biological cells to diagnose diseases and develop methodologies to cure diseases inside the body. One such technology is ‘Nanotechnology’. The paper emphasizes on the best and effective utilization of Nanotechnology in the treatment of cancer. The design of nano device is based on the constant study of cancer cells and nanotechnology.
The nano device is injected to the patient which can travel through blood vessel, identify and destroy cancer cells. The system is fully automated whereby the device manages to move to the affected cells through certain algebraic calculations automatically wherever it might be placed. This would be loaded into a simple microprocessor like 8085 and can be embedded along with the nano device for automatic discovery of cancer cells. Manual guidance and monitoring is done to control the device explicitly, further more command signals are activated automatically or manually to destroy the affected cells through RF signals. The theme is based on the fact that the cancer cells get destroyed on exposure to RF signals, due to high heat generation.
In our paper we design a device that contains sensors, transceivers, motors and a processor which are made up of biodegradable compound. No more destruction of healthy cells due to harmful toxins and radiations generated through chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Electronics and computational techniques are increasingly being used to analyze biological cells to diagnose diseases, and develop methodologies to cure the diseases inside the human body.
The main aim of this paper deals with the eradication of cancer cells by providing a steady, possible method of destroying and curing the cancer in an efficient and safe way so that healthy cells are not affected in any manner. This technology also focuses on a main idea that the patient is not affected by cancer again. The purpose of using the RF signal is to save normal cells.
Contents: Intro to nanotach, nanomaterials, nanomedicine, timeline of nanomedicine, properties of nanomaterials, and applications of nanoparticles in medicine
The main aim deals with the eradication of cancer cells by providing a steady, possible method of destroying and curing the cancer in an efficient and safe way so that healthy cells are not affected in any manner. This technology also focuses on a main idea that the patient is not affected by cancer again. The purpose of using the RF signal is to save normal cells.
To help corporations survive amidst worldwide
quality competition, the authors have focused on the strategic
development of a Higher-Cycled Product Design CAE Model
employing a Highly Reliable CAE Analysis Technology
Component Model. Their efforts are part of principle-based
research aimed at evolving product design and CAE development
processes to ensure better quality assurance. To satisfy the
requirements of developing and producing high quality products
while also reducing costs and shortening development times, the
effectiveness of this model was verified by successfully applying it
to the technological problems of loosening bolts and other
product design bottlenecks at auto manufacturers.
The technical study had been performed on
many foreign languages like Japanese; Chinese etc. but the
efforts on Indian ancient script is still immature. As the Modi
script language is ancient and cursive type, the OCR of it is still
not widely available. As per our knowledge, Prof. D.N.Besekar,
Dept. of Computer Science, Shri. Shivaji College of Science,
Akola had proposed a system for recognition of offline
handwritten MODI script Vowels. The challenges of
recognition of handwritten Modi characters are very high due
to the varying writing style of each individual. Many vital
documents with precious information have been written in
Modi and currently, these documents have been stored and
preserved in temples and museums. Over a period of time these
documents will wither away if not given due attention. In this
paper we propose a system for recognition of handwritten
Modi script characters; the proposed method uses Image
processing techniques and algorithms which are described
below.
General Terms
Preprocessing techniques: Gray scaling, Thresholding,
Boundary detection, Thinning, cropping, scaling, Template
generation. Other algorithms used- Average method, otsu
method, Stentiford method, Template-based matching method
A nanometer is a billionth of a meter
It's difficult to imagine anything so small, but think of
something only 1/80,000 the width of a human hair
Ten hydrogen atoms could be laid side-by- side in a single nanometer.
Nanotechnology is the creation of useful materials, devices, and systems through the manipulation of matter on this miniscule scale
There are many interesting nanodevices being developed that have a potential to improve cancer detection, diagnosis, and treatment
Electronics and computational techniques are increasingly being used to analyze biological cells to diagnose diseases and develop methodologies to cure diseases inside the body. One such technology is ‘Nanotechnology’. The paper emphasizes on the best and effective utilization of Nanotechnology in the treatment of cancer. The design of nano device is based on the constant study of cancer cells and nanotechnology.
The nano device is injected to the patient which can travel through blood vessel, identify and destroy cancer cells. The system is fully automated whereby the device manages to move to the affected cells through certain algebraic calculations automatically wherever it might be placed. This would be loaded into a simple microprocessor like 8085 and can be embedded along with the nano device for automatic discovery of cancer cells. Manual guidance and monitoring is done to control the device explicitly, further more command signals are activated automatically or manually to destroy the affected cells through RF signals. The theme is based on the fact that the cancer cells get destroyed on exposure to RF signals, due to high heat generation.
In our paper we design a device that contains sensors, transceivers, motors and a processor which are made up of biodegradable compound. No more destruction of healthy cells due to harmful toxins and radiations generated through chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Electronics and computational techniques are increasingly being used to analyze biological cells to diagnose diseases, and develop methodologies to cure the diseases inside the human body.
The main aim of this paper deals with the eradication of cancer cells by providing a steady, possible method of destroying and curing the cancer in an efficient and safe way so that healthy cells are not affected in any manner. This technology also focuses on a main idea that the patient is not affected by cancer again. The purpose of using the RF signal is to save normal cells.
Contents: Intro to nanotach, nanomaterials, nanomedicine, timeline of nanomedicine, properties of nanomaterials, and applications of nanoparticles in medicine
The main aim deals with the eradication of cancer cells by providing a steady, possible method of destroying and curing the cancer in an efficient and safe way so that healthy cells are not affected in any manner. This technology also focuses on a main idea that the patient is not affected by cancer again. The purpose of using the RF signal is to save normal cells.
To help corporations survive amidst worldwide
quality competition, the authors have focused on the strategic
development of a Higher-Cycled Product Design CAE Model
employing a Highly Reliable CAE Analysis Technology
Component Model. Their efforts are part of principle-based
research aimed at evolving product design and CAE development
processes to ensure better quality assurance. To satisfy the
requirements of developing and producing high quality products
while also reducing costs and shortening development times, the
effectiveness of this model was verified by successfully applying it
to the technological problems of loosening bolts and other
product design bottlenecks at auto manufacturers.
The technical study had been performed on
many foreign languages like Japanese; Chinese etc. but the
efforts on Indian ancient script is still immature. As the Modi
script language is ancient and cursive type, the OCR of it is still
not widely available. As per our knowledge, Prof. D.N.Besekar,
Dept. of Computer Science, Shri. Shivaji College of Science,
Akola had proposed a system for recognition of offline
handwritten MODI script Vowels. The challenges of
recognition of handwritten Modi characters are very high due
to the varying writing style of each individual. Many vital
documents with precious information have been written in
Modi and currently, these documents have been stored and
preserved in temples and museums. Over a period of time these
documents will wither away if not given due attention. In this
paper we propose a system for recognition of handwritten
Modi script characters; the proposed method uses Image
processing techniques and algorithms which are described
below.
General Terms
Preprocessing techniques: Gray scaling, Thresholding,
Boundary detection, Thinning, cropping, scaling, Template
generation. Other algorithms used- Average method, otsu
method, Stentiford method, Template-based matching method
-In the field of Agriculture most important things
are fertility of soil, nutrition’s available in soil, water availability
in that area, atmospheric conditions .All these parameters are
playing the measure roll regarding the productivity of crop .In
this paper we are trying to go through the techniques which will
show us how to improve productivity with the minimum use of
natural resources like water, and avoid leaching of soil by using
fertilizers through drip. This can be used in greenhouse or open
environments to efficiently monitor soil moisture and
temperature, ambient temperature, and humidity. Wired
communications, sensor networks, and other complementary
technologies provide the necessary tools to compile and processes
physical variables, including temperature, humidity, and soil
moisture, pH of soil, fertilizer concentrations. Greenhouse and
precision agricultural, in general, demand real-time precise
measurement of these parameters in order to avoid unnecessary
exposure to unhealthy ambient conditions, assure maximum
productivity and provide value-added quality. This paper aims to
implement the basic application of automizing the irrigation field
by programming the components and building the necessary
hardware with ARM7 Processor. This is used to find the exact
field condition and maintaining their levels in the soil
In current year, endurable and entire renewable
energy resources are extensively used in electrical energy
generation system. Mainly, solar energy conservation systems
are apply in stand -alone system. Solar panels covert solar
radiation into direct electrical energy. Solar panels are one of
the most potential renewable energy technologies for refreshing
building. In this study, responsibility analysis of a solar system
installed in my collage academic block and hostel is
investigated. The system includes solar panel, battery,
generator, converter and loads. In this study we calculate
overall load in academic block (Electrical engineering
department and round building) and only boy hostel. After
knowing overall loads result for these buildings we simulate
this data through HOMER tool and we obtain the best result
which is presented in this paper.
The result obtained from the optimization gives the initial
capital cost as 296.000$ while operating cost is 2,882$/yr. Total
net present cost (NPC) is 332,846$ and the cost of energy
(COE) is 0.212$/kWh.
The main purpose of this research paper is that the
maximum demand of energy consumption for both academic
block and hostel are simulated through solar panel, for this
purpose which amount of solar panel and battery is required.
A supply chain consists of all parties involved
directly or indirectly, in fulfilling a customer request. The supply
chain includes not only the manufacturers and suppliers, but also
transporters, workhouse, retailers and even customers
themselves. Within each organization, such as a manufactures,
the supply chain includes all functions involved in receiving and
filling a customer request. These functions include, but are not
limited to, new product development, marketing operations,
distributions, finance, and customer service. Supply chain
management (SCM) is the management of an interconnected or
interlinked between network, channel and node businesses
involved in the provision of product and service packages
required by the end customers in a supply chain. Supply chain
management spans the movement and storage of raw materials,
work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of
origin to point of consumption. It is also defined as the "design,
planning, execution, control, and monitoring of supply chain
activities with the objective of creating net value, building a
competitive infrastructure, leveraging worldwide logistics,
synchronizing supply with demand and measuring performance
globally.
RFID-based public transport ticketing systems
rely on widespread networks of RFID readers that locate
the user within the transport network in real time to be
able to verify whether he can travel at that time with the
ticket he holds. This paper presents a system that uses that
same RFID-based location information to give the user
navigation indications depending on his current location
provided that the user has indicated beforehand the places
he intends to visit. The system was designed to be costeffectively
deployable on the short term but open for easy
extension. This paper is based on ticketing and
identification of the passenger in the public transport. In
the metropolitan city like Mumbai, Kolkata we have a
severe malfunction of public transport and various
security problems. Firstly, there is a lot of confusion
between the passengers regarding fares which lead to
corruption, Secondly due to mismanagement of public
transport the passengers faces the problem of traffic jam,
thirdly nowadays we have severe security problems in
public transport due anti-social elements.The entire
network comprises of three modules; Base Station Module,
In-Bus Modules and Bus Stop Module. The base station
module consists of monitoring system which includes GSM
and a PC. The In-Bus Modules consists of two
Microcontrollers, GSM Modem, GPS, Zigbee, RFID, LCD
and infrared sensor. RFID for ticketing purpose, GSM,
GPS is used for mobile data transmission and tracking
location. The Zigbee module is also interfaced with the
microcontroller which is used to send the bus information
to bus stop and to get the information from the bus stop to
bus. The Bus Stop Module is fixed at every bus stop
consists of Zigbee node which is interfaced with the
Microcontroller.
On the surface a packet is a chunk of information
but at the deeper level a packet is one unit of binary data capable
of being transferred through a network. Delivering data packets
for highly dynamic mobile ad hoc networks in a reliable and
timely manner. Driven by this issue, an efficient Position-based
Opportunistic Routing (POR) protocol which takes advantage of
the stateless property of geographic routing. In proactive routing
protocols the route discovery and recovery procedures are time
and energy consuming process. Once the path breaks, data
packets will get lost or be delayed for a long time until the
reconstruction of the route, causing transmission interruption.
but Geographic routing (GR) uses location information to
forward data packets, in a hop-by-hop routing fashion. Greedy
forwarding is used to select next hop forwarder with the largest
positive progress toward the destination while void handling
mechanism is triggered to route around communication voids. No
end-to-end route need to be maintained, leading to GR’s high
efficiency and scalability. In the operation of greedy forwarding,
the neighbour which is relatively far away from the sender is
chosen as the next hop. If the node moves out of the sender’s
coverage area, the transmission will fail. In GPSR (a very famous
geographic routing protocol), the MAC-layer failure feedback is
used to offer the packet another chance to reroute.
Cloud computing solves the problem of real
time demand information and visibility at different location by
which information can be delivered with reliability, scalability
and flexibility between the supplier and customer. Logistics
network requires effective information flow for technical support
by which logistics infrastructures can be totally utilized and
tracked the information collection, transmission and operation.
Cloud is fast growing technology which can effectively reduce the
intermediate cost of flow of information and improve the link
between the logistics partners and customers. This paper
analyzes the advantages of cloud based logistics network and
defines in which way a logistics network manages Information
Flow Control (IFC) over the cloud, which allows the logistics
network to do work effectively.
This research deals with study of Degradation
behavior of starch blended with different percentage of
polypropylene (PP) .Twin screw extruder at 160- 190 °C and 50
rpm is used for manufacture of blend sheet. Degradation test
achieved according to ASTM standard (D 638 IV and D570-98).
Studies on their degradation properties were carried out by Soil
burial test, Water absorption test and Hydrolysis test. The
morphology test of the polypropylene / starch blend samples
was obviously seen in the (Dino- Light- Digital Microscope),
Results of soil burial test show that tensile strength and
percentage of elongation of polypropylene / starch blend
decrease with increasing the starch content and burial time. The
hydrolysis test show the weight losses increasing with the
increasing amount of starch. High percent of polypropylene
found to decrease the amount of water absorption of the blend.
The physical appearance and morphology studies of
polypropylene / starch blend after burial test in soil and
hydrolysis in water environment showed that all blend samples
was obviously changed after 90-day study period, whereas the
pure polypropylene samples remained unchanged
The combination of steganography and
cryptography is considered as one of the best security methods
used for message protection, due to this reason, in this paper, a
data hiding system that is based on image steganography and
cryptography is proposed to secure data transfer between the
source and destination. Animated GIF image is chosen as a
carrier file format for the steganography due to a wide use in web
pages and a LSB (Least Significant Bits) algorithm is employed to
hide the message inside the colors of the pixels of an animated
GIF image frames. To increase the security of hiding, each frame
of GIF image is converted to 256 color BMP image and the
palette of them is sorted and reassign each pixels to its new index,
furthermore, the message is encrypted by LZW ( Lempel _
Ziv_Welch) compression algorithm before being hidden in the
image frames. The proposed system was evaluated for
effectiveness and the result shows that, the encryption and
decryption methods used for developing the system make the
security of the proposed system more efficient in securing data
from unauthorized users. The system is therefore, recommended
to be used by the Internet users for establishing a more secure
communication
A young astronomer’s by now ten years old
results are re-told and put in perspective. The implications are
far-reaching. Angular-momentum shows its clout not only in
quantum mechanics where this is well known, but is also a
major player in the space-time theory of the equivalence
principle and its ramifications. In general relativity, its
fundamental role was largely neglected for the better part of a
century. A children’s device – a friction-free rotating bicycle
wheel suspended from its hub that can be lowered and pulled
up reversibly – serves as an eye-opener. The consequences are
embarrassingly far-reaching in reviving Einstein’s original
dream
This study aims to employ low-cost agro waste
biosorbent tamarind (Tamarindus indica) pod shells and
activated carbon prepared by complete and partial pyrolysis of
tamarind pod shell for the removal of hexavalent chromium
ions from aqueous solution. The effect of parameters namely,
initial metal ion concentration, pH, temperature, biomass
loading on chromium removal efficiency were studied. More
than 96.9% removal of Chromium was achieved using crude
tamarind pod shells as biosorbent. The experimental data
obtained were fitted with Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and
Redlich-Peterson adsorption isotherm models. The
experimental data fits well to Langmuir, Freundlich and
Temkin isotherms with regression coefficient R2 more than 0.9.
For Redlich-Peterson adsorption isotherm the experimental
data does not fit so well. The crude tamarind had maximum
monolayer adsorption capacity of 40 mg/g and a separation
factor of 0.0416 indicating it as best adsorbent among the three
tested adsorbent. Further, an attempt is made to fit sorption
kinetics with pseudo first order and pseudo second order
reactions. Pseudo second order kinetics model fits well to the
experimental data for all three adsorbents.
When a ductile material with a crack is loaded in
tension, the deformation energy builds up around the crack tip
and it is understood that at a certain critical condition voids are
formed ahead of the crack tip. The crack extension occurs by
coalescence of voids with the crack tip. The “characteristic
distance” (Lc) defined as the distance b/w the crack tip & the void
responsible for eventual coalescence with the crack tip. Nucleation
of these voids is generally associated with the presence of second
phase particles or grain boundaries in the vicinity of the crack tip.
Although approximate, Lc assumes a special significance since it
links the fracture toughness to the microscopic mechanism
considered responsible for ductile fracture. The knowledge of the
“characteristic distance” is also crucial for designing the size of
mesh in the finite element simulations of material crack growth
using damage mechanics principles. There is not much work
(experimental as well as numerical) available in the literature
related to the dependency of “characteristic distance” on the
fracture specimen geometry. The present research work is an
attempt to understand numerically, the geometry dependency of
“characteristic distance” using three-dimensional FEM analysis.
The variation of “characteristic distance” parameter due to the
change of temperature across the fracture specimen thickness was
also studied. The work also studied the variation of “characteristic
distance”, due to the change in fracture specimen thickness.
Finally, the ASTM requirement of fracture specimen thickness
criteria is evaluated for the “characteristic distance” fracture
parameter. “Characteristic distance” is found to vary across the
fracture specimen thickness. It is dependent on fracture specimen
thickness and it converges after a specified thickness of fracture
specimen. “Characteristic distance” value is also dependent on the
temperature of ductile material. In Armco iron material, it is
found to decrease with the increase in temperature.
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of
70% ethanolic crude extract of Portulaca oleracea L on mice
orgons . (In vivo),In vivo, the acute toxicity of 70 % ethanolic
extract of the plant on normal mice was studied. No toxic effect
was noted on normal mice even at 9500 mg /kg B.W S/C
injection.Histopathological changes due to ethanolic extract of
the plant in healthy mice were summarized in hyperplasia of
white pulp with amyloid deposition, proliferation of
megakaryocytes and mononuclear cell infiltration in the liver and
kidney parenchyma. There were no significant lesions detected in
the brain, heart and ovary in all treated groups.
Bio-char can be produced by thermal conversion of
biomass. Palm shells were obtained from palm fruits (palmira).
They were air-dried to remove moisture. The dried palm shells
were ground to become powder and heated at 600ºC, 800ºC and
1000ºC for 2 h respectively. After heating, bio-char was obtained.
Structural properties of palm shell powder and bio-char were
examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) was used to observe microstructure of biochar.
Properties such as hydration capacity, pH were also
evaluated.
—Stochastic processes have many useful applications
and are taught in several university programmers. In this paper
we are using stochastic process with complex concept on Markov
chains which uses a transition matrix to plot a transition diagram
and there are several examples which explains various type of
transition diagram. The concept behind this topic is simple and
easy to understand.
Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is a signal
processing technique most commonly used in radar systems where
interference is a problem. The radar signal processor is used to
remove the unintentional cluttering effects caused by ground
reflections and echoes due to sea, desert, forest, etc. and intentional
jamming and make the received signal useful. In this paper a new
approach to STAP based on subspace projection has been described
in detail. According to linear algebra and three dimensional
geometry, if we project a range space on to a subspace spanned by
linearly independent vectors, we can suppress data which is
perpendicular to that subspace. In subspace based technique, the
received data is projected on to a subspace which is orthogonal to
clutter subspace to remove the clutter. The probability of target
detection can be find out in order to analyse the performance of the
proposed algorithm. Two existing algorithms, SMI and DPCA are
chosen to do the comparison. while plotting the detection Probability
against SINR , the results obtained are better for subspace technique
than DPCA and SMI. We got the SINR improved for subspace based
technique for same detection probability. The effect of subspace rank
on SINR was also analysed for understanding the computational load
caused by the technique. We also analysed the convergence of the
algorithm by taking plots of SINR against range snapshots.
This paper focuses on the numerous techniques that
have been proposed over the years for metamaterial
characterization. These techniques are categorized into
analytical, field averaging and experimental methods, which
provide various methods to determine the complex permittivity,
complex permeability and refractive index of metamaterials.
Suspended nanoparticles in conventional fluids,
called nanofluids, have been the subject of intensive study
worldwide since pioneering researchers recently discovered the
anomalous thermal behavior of these fluids. The heat transfer from
smaller area is achieved through microchannels. The heat transfer
principle states that maximum heat transfer is achieved in
microchannels with maximum pressure drop across it. In this
research work the experimental and numerical investigation for
the improved heat transfer characteristics of serpentine shaped
microchannel heat sink using Al2O3/water nanofluid is done. The
fluid flow characteristics is also analyzed for the serpentine
shaped micrchannel. The experimental results of the heat
transfer using Al2O3 nanofluid is compared with the numerical
values. The calculations in this work suggest that the best heat
transfer enhancement can be obtained by using a system with an
Al2O3–water nanofluid-cooled micro channel with serpentine
shaped fluid flow
The Application Programming Interface restricts
the types of queries that the Web service can answer. For
instance, a Web service might provide a method that returns the
books of a given author in fast manner, but it might not provide a
method that returns the authors of a given book. If the user asks
for the author of some specific book, then the Web service cannot
be called – even though the underlying database might have the
preferred piece of information, this scenario is called asymmetry.
This asymmetry is particularly problematic if the service is used
in a Web service orchestration system. In this survey, we propose
to use on-the-fly information extraction (IE).IE used to collect
values, and then the value can be used as parameter Bindings for
the Web service. This survey shows how the information
extraction can be integrated into a Web service orchestration
system. The proposed approach is fully implemented in a
prototype called Search Using Services and Information
Extraction (SUSIE). Real-life data and services are used to
demonstrate the practical viability and good performance of our
approach
Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of matter in atomic and molecular scale. It is emerging as a principal discipline that is integrating chemistry and materials science. It holds the promise of being a main driver of technology with significant impact for all aspects of society. Nano manufacturing is manufacturing at the nanoscale. It is an interdisciplinary field covering physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, and engineering. This paper provides an introduction to nano manufacturing. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Olukayode R. Egunjobi | Sarhan M. Musa "Nano Manufacturing: An Introduction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/38539/nano-manufacturing-an-introduction/matthew-n-o-sadiku
NANOMATERIALS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY: FUTURE EMERGING TECHNOLOGYIAEME Publication
This paper focuses on the problem of minimizing com plex electronic circuits to scale of 10-9 m (1 nano meter) thus helping in the process of fas t operation, better performance, low cost, reliability, simple in size and easy to fabricate. The materials which are used in the manufacturing o f nano electronic devices are commonly called as nano materials. The use of nano materials led to design and development of nano devices which ease t he process of design of logic circuits. The applications of nano technology include medical, en gineering and pure as well as applied sciences. In this paper, a detailed study of how the differen t nano materials are manufactured and how the manufacturing of nano electronic devices is done is clearly described. This paper illustrates the need for nano technology in modern era and facilitates t he use of nano technology as a prerequisite for the development of modern engineering technology.
Biogenic– Biosynthesis Metallic Nanoparticles (MNPs) for Pharmacological, Bio...Al Baha University
In future, the biogenic– biosynthesis MNPs have wide perspective synthesis in healthcare, sustainable and renewable energy and
other commercial products. MNPs produced by nanotechnology have received global attention due to their extensive applications in
the biomedical and physiochemical fields. Biomolecules present in live plants, plant extracts and microorganisms such as: bacteria,
fungi, seaweeds, actinomycetes, algae and microalgae can be used to reduce metal ions to MNPs in a single-step and green synthesis
process. Biological green synthesis of MNPs has been always beneficial, more economical, energy efficient and eco-friendly approach,
which is free of toxic contaminates as required in therapeutic applications. The biosynthesis reduction of metal ion to base metal is
quite rapid, readily conducted at room temperature, pressure and easily scaled up.
The reducing agents involved include the various water-soluble plant metabolites (e.g. alkaloids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids,
flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins and other nutritional compounds) and co-enzymes. The polysaccharides, proteins and lipids
present in the algal membranes act as capping agents and thus limit the use of non-biodegradable commercial surfactants, which are
difficult to remove after the synthesis of MNPs. Metallic nanoparticles viz. cobalt, copper, silver, gold, platinum, zirconium, palladium,
iron, cadmium and metal oxides such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, magnetite, etc. have been the particular focus of green biosynthesis.
Here we review the methods of making MNPs using plants extracts and microorganisms. Methods of particle characterization,
biomedical and environmental applications of MNPs are reviewed. In the near future, the application of clean, non-toxic, and ecofriendly
nanostructured material will be possible in industry and biomedicine.
Study on Carbon Nanotube Based Flexible Electronics.pptxesfar1
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as a revolutionary material in the field of flexible electronics, offering exceptional mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. These cylindrical structures, composed of rolled-up graphene sheets, exhibit remarkable strength, flexibility, and electrical conductivity, making them ideal candidates for the development of next-generation electronic devices.
The unique properties of CNTs stem from their nanoscale dimensions and the arrangement of carbon atoms, which result in exceptional electrical conductivity. CNTs can conduct electricity thousands of times better than traditional materials like copper while maintaining their structural integrity. This remarkable conductivity, coupled with their flexibility, opens up a world of possibilities for creating highly efficient and adaptable electronic devices. Flexible electronics, which involve the integration of electronic components onto flexible substrates, have garnered significant attention due to their potential for revolutionizing various industries. By utilizing CNTs, researchers have been able to overcome the limitations of traditional rigid electronic materials, such as silicon. CNT-based flexible electronics offer improved mechanical flexibility, allowing them to conform to complex and irregular surfaces, withstand bending and stretching, and even be incorporated into wearable devices or electronic textiles.
This slide is based on a study of CNT based Flexible Electronics.
Recent joint surgery studies reveal increased
revisions and resurfacing of the metal on metal hip joints. Metal
on metal hip implants were developed more than thirty years ago
and their application has been refined because of availability of
advanced manufacturing techniques and partly by advancements
in material science and engineering. Development of composite
materials may provide greater durability to metal-on-metal hip
implants .This review article is a study of the latest literature of
metal-on-metal hip implants and its various modeling techniques.
Numbers of methods are used for convergence and numerical
solution to investigate the performance of metal-on-metal hip
implant for accurate stable solution. This paper presents analysis
done by various researchers on metal-on-metal hip implants for
wear, lubrication, fatigue, bio-tribo-corrosion, design, toxicity
and resurfacing. After in vivo and in vitro studies, it is found that
all these methods have limitations. There is a need of more
insight for lubrication analysis, geometry of bearings, materials
and input parameters. The information provided in this work is
intended as an aid in the assessment of metal-on-metal hip joints.
Background Hospital contributes significantly tangible and intangible resources on a concurred plan by the scheduling of surgery on the OT list. Postponement decreases efficiency by declining throughput leads to wastage of resources hence burden to the nation. Patients and their family face economic and emotional implication due to the postponement. Postponement rate being a quality indicator controls check mechanism could be developed from the results. Postponement of elective scheduled operations results in inefficient use of the operating room (OR) time on the day of surgery. Inconvenience to patients and families are also caused by postponements. Moreover, the day of surgery (DOS) postponement creates logistic and financial burden associated with extended hospital stay and repetitions of pre-operative preparations to an extent of repetition of investigations in some cases causing escalated costs, wastage of time and reduced income. Methodology A cross-sectional study was done in the operation theaters of a tertiary care hospital in which total ten operation theaters of General Surgery Data of scheduled, performed and postponed surgeries was collected from all the operation theater with effect from March 1st to September 30th, 2018. A questionnaire was developed to find out the reasons for the postponement for all hospital’s stakeholders (surgeons, Anesthetist, Nursing Officer) and they were further evaluated time series analysis of scheduling of Operation Theater for moving average technique. Results Total 958 surgeries were scheduled and 772 surgeries performed were and 186 surgeries were postponed with a postponement rate of 19.42% in the cardiac surgery department during the study period. Month-wise postponement Rate exponential smoothing of time series data shows the dynamic of operating suits. To test throughput Postponement rate was plotted the postponed surgeries and on regression analysis is in a perfect linear relationship.
Introduction: Postponement of elective scheduled operations results in inefficient use of operating room (OR) time on the day of surgery. Inconvenience to patients and families also caused by postponements. Moreover, day of surgery (DOS) postponement creates logistic and financial burden associated with extended hospital stay and repetitions of pre-operative preparations to an extend of repetition of investigations in some cases causing escalated costs, wastage of time and reduced income. Methodology: A cross sectional study was done in the operation theaters of a tertiary care hospital in which total ten operation theaters of General Surgery Data of scheduled, performed and postponed surgeries was collected from all the operation theater with effect from march 1st to September 30th 2018. A questionnaire was developed to find out the reasons for the postponement for all hospital’s stakeholders (Surgeons, Anesthetist, Nursing officer) and they were further evaluated Time series analysis of scheduling of Operation Theater for Moving average Technique. Results: total 2,466 surgeries were scheduled and 1,980 surgeries were performed and 486 surgeries were postponed in the general surgery department during the study period. Month wise postponement forecast was in accordance with the performed surgeries and on regression analysis postponed surgeries were in perfect linear relationship with the postponement Rate.
In the present paper the experimental study of
Nanotechnology involves high cost for Lab set-up and the
experimentation processes were also slow. Attempt has also
been made to discuss the contributions towards the societal
change in the present convergence of Nano-systems and
information technologies. one cannot rely on experimental
nanotechnology alone. As such, the Computer- simulations and
modeling are one of the foundations of computational
nanotechnology. The computer modeling and simulations
were also referred as computational experimentations. The
accuracy of such Computational nano-technology based
experiment generally depends on the accuracy of the following
things: Intermolecular interaction, Numerical models and
Simulation schemes used. The essence of nanotechnology is
therefore size and control because of the diversity of
applications the plural term nanotechnology is preferred by
some nevertheless they all share the common feature of control
at the nanometer scale the latter focusing on the observation
and study of phenomena at the nanometer scale. In this paper,
a brief study of Computer-Simulation techniques as well as
some Experimental result
Solar cell absorber Kesterite- type Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films have been prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD). UV–vis absorption spectra measurement indicated that the band gap of as-synthesized CZTS was about1.68 eV, which was near the optimum value for photovoltaic solar conversion in a single-band-gap device. The polycrystalline CZTS thin films with kieserite crystal structure have been obtained by XRD. The average of crystalline size of CZTS is 27 nm
Multilevel inverters play a crucial part in the
areas of high and medium voltage applications. Among the three
main multilevel inverters used, the capacitor clamped multilevel
inverter(CCMLI) has advantage with respect to voltage
redundancies. This work proposes a switching pattern to improve
the performance of chosen H-bridge type CCMLI over
conventional CCMLI. The PWM technique used in this work is
Phase Opposition Disposition PWM(PODPWM). The
performance of proposed H-bridge type CCMLI is verified
through MATLAB-Simulink based simulation. It has been
observed that the THD is low in chosen CCMLI compared to
conventional CCMLI.
- In this paper, we introduce a practical mechanism of
compressing a binary phase code modulation (BPCM) signal
according to Barker code with 13 chips in presence of additive
white Gaussian noise (AWGN) by using a digital matched filter
(DMF) corresponding to time domain convolution algorithm of
input and reference signals using Cyclone II EP2C70F896C6
FPGA from ALTERA placed on education and development
board DE2-70 with the following parameters: frequency of
BPCM signal fIF=2 MHz, sampling frequency
f MHz SAM 50
,pulse period
T 200s
, pulse width
S 13sc
, chip width
CH 1sc
, compressing factor
KCOM 13
, SNRinp=1/1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5 and processing
gain factor SNRout/SNRinp=11.14 dB.
The results of filter operation are evaluated using a digital
oscilloscope GDS-1052U to display the input and output signals
for different SNRinp.
Flooding is one of the most devastating natural
disasters in Nigeria. The impact of flooding on human activities
cannot be overemphasized. It can threaten human lives, their
property, environment and the economy. Different techniques
exist to manage and analyze the impact of flooding. Some of these
techniques have not been effective in management of flood
disaster. Remote sensing technique presents itself as an effective
and efficient means of managing flood disaster. In this study,
SPOT-10 image was used to perform land cover/ land use
classification of the study area. Advanced Space borne Thermal
Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) image of 2010 was
used to generate the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The image
focal statistics were generated using the Spatial Analyst/
Neighborhood/Focal Statistics Tool in ArcMap. The contour map
was produced using the Spatial Analyst/ Surface/ Contour Tools.
The DEM generated from the focal statistics was reclassified into
different risk levels based on variation of elevation values. The
depression in the DEM was filled and used to create the flow
direction map. The flow accumulation map was produced using
the flow direction data as input image. The stream network and
watershed were equally generated and the stream vectorized. The
reclassified DEM, stream network and vectorized land cover
classes were integrated and used to analyze the impact of flood on
the classes. The result shows that 27.86% of the area studied will
be affected at very high risk flood level, 35.63% at high risk,
17.90% at moderate risk, 10.72% at low risk, and 7.89% at no
risk flood level. Built up area class will be mostly affected at very
high risk flood level while farmland will be affected at high risk
flood level. Oshoro, Imhekpeme, and Weppa communities will be
affected at very high risk flood inundation while Ivighe, Uneme,
Igoide and Iviari communities will be at risk at high risk flood
inundation level. It is recommended among others that buildings
that fall within the “Very High Risk” area should be identified
and occupants possibly relocated to other areas such as the “No
Risk” area.
Without water, humans cannot live. Since time began,
we have lived by the water and vast tracts of waterless land have
been abandoned as it is too difficult to inhabit. At any given
moment, the earth’s atmosphere contains 4,000 cubic miles of
water, which is just 0.000012% of the 344 million cubic miles of
water on earth. Nature maintains this ratio via evaporation and
condensation, irrespective of the activities of man.
There is a certain need for an alternative to solve the water
scarcity. Obtaining water from the atmosphere is nothing new -
since the beginning of time, nature’s continuous hydrologic cycle
of evaporation and condensation in the form of rain or snow has
been the sole source and means of regenerating wholesome water
for all forms of life on earth.
An effective method to generate water is by the separation of
moisture present in air by condensation. In this study, the water
present in air is condensed on the surface of a container and then
collected in an external jacket provided on the container.
Insulations are provided to optimize the inner temperature of the
container.
The method is although uncommon but has certain advantages
which make it a success. The process is economical and does not
require a lot of utilities. It also helps in further reducing the
carbon footprint.
In every moment of functioning the Li-Ion
battery must provide the power required by the user, to have a
long operating life and to and to provide high reliability in
operation. The methods for analysis and testing batteries are
ensuring that all these conditions imposed to the batteries are
met by being tested depending on their intended use.
The success rate of real estate project is
decreasing as there is large scale of project and participation of
entities. It is necessary to study the risk factors involved in the
project. This paper focused on types of risks involved in the
project, risk factors, risk management tools & techniques.
Identification of risk of the project in terms of the total cost of the
project has been divided under Technical, Financial, Sociopolitical
and Statutory cost centers. Large real estate projects
have to tackle the following issues: land acquisition, skilledlabour
shortage, non-availability of skilled project managers, and
mechanization of the construction process to cater to the growing
demands. Non- availability of supporting infrastructure, political
issues like instability of the government leading to regulatory
issues, social issues, marketing forms an important part in these
projects as this is a onetime investment and the purchase cycle is
long , long development period makes the same project be at
different points in the real estate value cycle.
- In the present scenario carbon emission and sand
mining are major concern due to its hazardous effect to
environment and making serious imbalance to the ecosystem.
Various studies have been conducted to reduce severe effect on
environment, using byproducts like copper slag as partial
replacement of fine aggregate. Different researchers have also
revealed numerous uses of copper slag as a replacing agent in
determining the strength of concrete. A comprehensive review of
studies has been presented in this paper for scope of replacement
of fine aggregate from copper slag in concrete
- Security is a concept similar to being cautious
or alert against any danger. Network security is the condition of
being protected against any danger or loss. Thus safety plays a
important role in bank transactions where disclosure of any data
results in big loss. We can define networking as the combination
of two or more computers for the purpose of resource sharing.
Resources here include files, database, emails etc. It is the
protection of these resources from unauthorized users that
brought the development of network security. It is a measure
incorporated to protect data during their transmission and also
to ensure the transmitted is protected and authentic.
Security of online bank transactions here has been
improved by increasing the number of bits while establishing the
SSL connection as well as in RSA asymmetric key encryption
along with SHA1 used for digital signature to authenticate the
user
Background: Septoplasty is a common surgical
procedure performed by otolaryngologists for the correction of
deviated nasal septum. This surgery may be associated with
numerous complications. To minimize these complications,
otolaryngologists frequently pack both nasal cavities with
different types of nasal packing. Despite all its advantages,
nasal packing is also associated with some disadvantages. To
avoid these issues, many surgeons use suturing techniques to
obviate the need for packing after surgery.
Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of trans-septal
suture technique in preventing complications and decreasing
morbidity after septoplasty in comparison with nasal packing.
Patients and methods: Prospective comparative study. This
study was conducted in the department of Otolaryngology -
Head and Neck Surgery, Rizgary Teaching Hospital - Erbil,
from the 6th of May 2014 to the 30th of November 2014.
A total of 60 patients aged 18-45 years, undergoing septoplasty,
were included in the study. Before surgery, patients were
randomly divided into two equal groups. Group (A) with transseptal
suture technique was compared with group (B) in which
nasal packing with Merocel was done. Postoperative morbidity
in terms of pain, bleeding, postnasal drip, sleep disturbance,
dysphagia, headache and epiphora along with postoperative
complications including septal hematoma, septal perforation,
crustation and synechiae formation were assessed over a follow
up period of four weeks.
Results: Out of 60 patients, 37 patients were males (61.7%)
and 23 patients were females (38.3%). Patients with nasal
packing had significantly more postoperative pain (P<0.05)><0.05). There was no significant difference between
the two groups with respect to nasal bleeding, septal
hematoma, septal perforation, crustation and synechiae
formation.
Conclusion: Septoplasty can be safely performed using transseptal
suturing technique without nasal packing.
The basic reason behind the need to
monitor water quality is to verify whether the examined
water quality is suitable for intended usage or not. This
study is conducted on Al -Shamiya al- sharqi drain in
Diwaniya city in Iraq to make valid assessment for the
level of parameters measured and to realize their effects
on irrigation. In order to assess the drainage water
quality for irrigation purposes with a high accuracy, the
Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) will be examined
and upgraded (integrated with GIS) to make a
classification for drainage water. For this purpose, ten
samples of drainage water were taken from different ten
location of the stuay area. The collected samples were
analyzed chemically for different elements which affect
water quality for irrigation.These elements are :
Calcium(Ca+2), Sodium(Na+
), Magnesium(Mg+2),
Chloride( ), Potassium(K+
), Bicarbonate(HCO3),
Nitrate(NO3), Sulfate( , Phosphate( , Electrical
Conductivity(EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total
Suspended Solids (TSS) and pH-values (PH). Sodium
Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Sodium Content (Na%)
have been also calculated. Results suggest that, the use of
GIS and Water Quality Index (WQI) methods could
provide an extremely interesting as well as efficient tool
to water resource management. The results analysis of
(IWQI) maps confirms that: 52% of the drainage water
in study area falls within the "Low restriction" (LR) and
47%of study area has water with (Moderate
restriction)(MR),While 1% of drainage water in the
study area classified as (Sever restriction) (SR). So, the
drainage water should be used with the soil having high
permeability with some constraints imposed on types of
plant for specified tolerance of salts
The cable-hoisting method and rail cable-lifting
method are widely used in the construction of suspension bridge.
This paper takes a suspension bridge in Hunan as an example,
and expounds the two construction methods, and analyzes their
respective merits and disadvantages.
Baylis-Hillman reaction has been achieved on
different organic motifs but with completion times of three to
six days. Micellar medium of CTAB in water along with the
organic base DABCO has been used to effect the BaylisHillman
reaction on a steroidal nucleus of Withaferin-A for the
first time with different aromatic aldehydes within a day to
synthesize a library of BH adducts (W1a –W14a) and (W1bW14b)
as a mixture of two isomers and W15 as a single
compound. The isomers were separated on column and the
major components were chosen for bio-evaluation. Cytotoxic
activity of the synthesized compounds was screened against a
panel of four cancer cell lines Lung A-549, Breast MCF-7,
Colon HCT-116 and Leukemia THP-1 along with 5-florouracil
and Mitomycin-C as references. All the compounds exhibited
promising activity against screened cell lines and were found to
possess enhaunced activity than parent compound. BH adducts
with aromatic systems having methoxy and nitro groups were
found to be more active.
This paper presents the details on the
experimental investigation carried out to get the desired fresh
properties of the SCC. Tests were performed on various mixtures
to obtain the required SCC. In the present research work we
have replaced 15% of cement with class F fly ash. By varying the
quantity of water and sand the mortar mix was prepared. Later
varying percentage of coarse aggregate was added to the mortar
to obtain the desired SCC.
The batteries used in electric and hybrid vehicles
consists of several cells with voltages between 3.6V battery and
4.2 V in series or parallel combinations of configurations for
obtaining the necessary available voltages in the operation of a
hybrid electric vehicle. How malfunction of a single cell affects
the behavior of the entire battery pack, BMS main function is to
protect individual cells against over-discharge, overload or
overheating. This is done by correct balancing of the cells. In
addition BMS estimates the battery charge status
This project aims at using (PD-MCPWM) Phase
disposition multi carrier pulse width modulation technique to
reduce leakage current in a transformerless cascaded multilevel
inverter for PV systems. Advantages of transformerless PV
inverter topology is as follows, simple structure, low weight and
provides higher efficiency , but however this topology provides a
path for the leakage current to flow through the parasitic
capacitance formed between the PV module and the ground.
Modulation technique reduces leakage current with an added
advantage without adding any extra components.
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Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
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An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
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INNOVATIVE TRENDS AND ASPECT OF GREEN NANO-TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
1. International Journal of Technical Research and Applications e-ISSN: 2320-8163,
www.ijtra.com Volume 2, Issue 3 (May-June 2014), PP. 72-74
72 | P a g e
INNOVATIVE TRENDS AND ASPECT OF
GREEN NANO-TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Sahnoor Mohammad1
, Mahmood Alam2
1
Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Integral University Lucknow India
Abstract— This paper represent the innovative trends
and aspect of green nanotechnology development
challenges and opportunities in the field of alternative
technology to assist in future developments in this field.
There are various innovative applications of green Nano-
technology in different- different fields like Energy,
Medicine and Drugs, Nano bio-technology, Nano devices,
Optical Engineering, Defence & Security, Bio
Engineering,Cosmetics,Nano Fabrics etc. Nanotechnology
improves the process of production and also improves the
quality of products. It works at the molecular level and
utilizes the more advanced concept, idea and research for
the development of different fields and production.
Index Terms— Green Nano Science, Carbon Nanotubes
(CNT), Single-walled Carbon Nano Tubes
(SWCNT),Multi-walled Carbon Nano Tubes
(MWCNT),Nano chemistry, Green engineering, Green
technology, TIM (Thermal Interface Materials).
I. INTRODUCTION.
Green engineering is the design, commercialisation
and use of processes and products that are feasible
and economical while:
Reducing the generation of pollution at the source,
minimizing the risk to human health and the
environment [1]. Nanotechnology improves the quality
of process which leads to the development of different
fields. A huge amount of research and development
activity has been devoted to Nano-scale related
technologies in recent years. The National Science
Foundation projects nanotechnology related products
will become a $1 trillion industry by 2015[2.]. The
concept of using Nano-fluids as a means of improving
coolant performance was proposed over a decade ago[3].
Reports of up to 100% increase in liquid thermal
conductivity with the addition of nanometre scale
particles motivated a large amount of scientific/technical
inquiry in the ensuing years
Figure 1.Application of nanotechnology
II. THE ROLE OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
IN NANOTECHNOLOGY
There is a very big role of mechanical engineering in
nanotechnology as mechanical have developed so many
useful instruments like Nano indenters and atomic force
microscopes for the mechanical testing, Nano scale
imaging and for precision measurement.
Mixtures of Nano- and micro- scale particles add
another dimension for controlling thermal, rheological
and mechanical properties [5].Of particular interest is the
use of carbon Nano-tubes for TIM (Thermal Interface
Materials) applications. The CNT is essentially a single
atomic layer of graphite (graphene) which is rolled up
onto itself. There are single- and multi-walled versions
of CNT which can exhibit thermal conductivity in excess
of 1000 Watts/meter ° Kelvin (for comparison, Cu =
400W/mK) and high tensile strength along the axis of
the tube. Applications to TIM have involved two basic
approaches:
Simple addition of CNT to the TIM matrix (grease,
gel,etc.)& Growth of vertically aligned CNT ‘carpets’ on
the heat sink or device package.
In the former approach, CNT loading is increased
until percolation of fibres provides a thermal path from
mating surfaces. In the latter growth method, the
individual CNT provide a direct high-conduction path
between surfaces [5,6].
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Research has shown that optimal particle loading
achieves improved thermal conductivity and low
modulus (to accommodate thermal expansion mis match
of components) with a variety of materials and particles
hopes/sizes [7].
III. FUEL AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
Nanotechnology can address the shortage of fossil
fuels such as diesel and gasoline as it-
Making the production of fuels from low grade raw
materials economical, It increasing the mileage of
engines, and it also make the production of fuels from
normal raw materials more efficient [1].Since
nanotechnology also deals with the fuels and making the
production of fuel economical by utilizing the modern
concept, current works and development of green
nanotechnology.
Figure.2 Green gasoline by catalytic fast pyrolysis
The above figure shows that how low grade material
like woody biomass is being used for making green
gasoline by catalytic fast pyrolysis process which makes
the production of fuel economical.
IV. NANO-TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO
SOLDERING SYSTEM
The industry has developed new solder alloys to
replace SnPb eutectic alloys, but the required processing
temperature must increase by about 35°C to
accommodate the alloy (tin silver copper family, SAC).
This increase in processing temperatures to about 235°C
to 245°C, results in additional unwanted thermal stress
on the electronic components being assembled as
compared to tin-lead assembly temperatures of about
210°C.Research is being conducted in the realm of
Nano-particle sized solder alloys. Metals undergo a
melting point depression when the particle size is
reduced to Nano-scale. Preliminary work by an iNEMI
Nano Solder Project Team [8] has worked towards
demonstrating that a reduction in melting temperature of
a solder alloy is feasible as a function of particle size.
V. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH & SAFETY
A critical feature of nanoparticles is their high
surface-area to-mass ratio. This property provides
additional sites for bonding or reaction with surrounding
material and results in unique characteristics such as
improved strength or heat resistance. Similarly, evidence
suggests that when in haled ,the large surface area of
insoluble nanoparticles creates the potential for greater
biological activity [9,10,11].Although dependent upon
their effective size in the body and other physio-
chemical characteristics, studies have also shown that
when nanoparticles are inhaled they may penetrate cell
swallowing direct access to the bloodstream and possibly
circumventing the blood-brain barrier or depositing in
other organs of the body [12,13].
Several studies have noted an increased risk of
biological responses from exposure to carbon Nano-
tubes [14, 15, 16, 17].
Both single-walled (SWCNT) and multi-walled
(MWCNT) carbon Nano-tubes are non-biodegradable
and resemble needle-like, carcinogenic asbestos fibres in
size, shape and cellular persistence. Until recently
several studies only suggested a potential link between
inhalation exposure to long MWCNTs and cancer, but
had not demonstrated that inhaled MWCNTs could
actually pass from the lung and into the surrounding
tissues [18, 19, 20].
Green Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary rapidly
developing knowledge base at the interface of
agriculture, chemistry ,physics ,medical sciences
etc.[21].
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health (NIOSH) researchers have reported new data
showing that MWCNTs can indeed migrate intact from
the lungs of mice and into the tissue surrounding the
lungs where asbestos induces a form of cancer known as
mesothelioma [22].Significant absorption of Nano-
material through the skin appears unlikely. Passive
diffusion appears to be the primary mechanism for
transport across the stratum corneum. The composition
of this outer layer of the skin creates an effective barrier
to dermal absorption of both chemicals. Although some
studies have indicated that penetration of particles in low
micron diameter size range is possible, penetration is
likely to be slow and not present an acute hazard [23].
VI. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITY
Nanotechnology, as an emerging technology,
presents an important opportunity scientific and business
community. Nanotech is unlike some other sectors of the
chemical industry, where significant capital is already
invested in the form of large plants and established
supply chains in which production techniques are
technologically and culturally embedded. In fact, the
need to develop both new Nano products and their
equally novel production techniques presents an
important opportunity for innovators. In this case, there
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74 | P a g e
is an unusual opportunity to use science, engineering and
policy knowledge to design novel products that are
benign as possible to human and environmental health.
Recognition of this opportunity has led to development
of “Green Nano science” concept [24,25].
VII. CONCLUSIONS
By the development and implementation of
nanotechnology, the automobiles industries growth will
be influenced and will use the innovative application of
the green nanotechnology which is suitable for human
health and environment .Metal nanoparticles are being
considered for potential use in catalytic converters since
the catalytic reactivity is significantly enhanced due to
the increased surface area of the metal. Coolants utilize
nanoparticles and Nano-powders to increase the
efficiency of heat transfer and potentially reduce the size
of the automotive cooling equipment. Some
manufacturers are currently using Nano-magnetic fluids
in shock absorbers to increase vibration control
efficiency. Nanotechnology will influence the auto
industry initially on a very small scale, but will certainly
be developed to deliver features, products and processes
that are almost unimaginable today.will be influenced
and will use the innovative application of the green
nanotechnology which is suitable for human health and
environment .Metal nanoparticles are being considered
for potential use in catalytic converters since the
catalytic reactivity is significantly enhanced due to the
increased surface area of the metal. Coolants utilize
nanoparticles and Nano-powders to increase the
efficiency of heat transfer and potentially reduce the size
of the automotive cooling equipment. Some
manufacturers are currently using Nano-magnetic fluids
in shock absorbers to increase vibration control
efficiency. Nanotechnology will influence the auto
industry initially on a very small scale, but will certainly
be developed to deliver features, products and processes
that are almost unimaginable today.
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[21] Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology &
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to - be - University under Section 3 of UGC Act 1956)
Allahabad - 211 007, U.P., INDIA Date:August 6-7, 2013
Venue:Bogmallo Beach Resort Hotel, Bogmallo, Near Dabolim
Airport, Goa,INDIA Hosted By: In Partnership with University
of Missouri, USA
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