ELECTROSPINNING AND PHYSICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION
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This document discusses two physical vapor approaches: electrospinning and physical vapor deposition. Electrospinning uses a high voltage electric field to produce nano- or micrometer-scale fibers from polymer solutions. It involves a polymer reservoir, spinneret, and collector. Physical vapor deposition uses evaporation or sputtering to deposit thin films of materials through condensation and reaction under vacuum. Common PVD techniques include evaporative deposition, sputter deposition, and cathode arc deposition. Both electrospinning and PVD have applications in filtration, tissue engineering, sensors, and coatings due to properties like high surface area and durability.
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2) Studying spin dynamics and relaxation processes in organic semiconductors using spin-valve and Hanle effect measurements.
3) Exploring new device concepts like organic spin light-emitting diodes by injecting spin-polarized carriers into organic layers.
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In the conclusion there is a hyperlink of a video which i'm unable to put here and hence i will give you the address of the video so that you can use the video and make the same hyperlink as i had made here.
TEDxCaltech-David Awschalom - Spintronics ( On YouTube)
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Electrophoresis is a technique used to separate charged molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids based on their charge and size ratios. It involves applying an electric field to migrate molecules through a medium like gel or paper. Initially developed in the 1930s to separate serum proteins, it has since been used for applications like human genome sequencing and disease diagnosis. Improvements to the technique include capillary electrophoresis using narrow tubes, isoelectric focusing to separate molecules at their isoelectric point, and immuno electrophoresis to study antibody-antigen reactions. A variety of detectors can identify separated molecules based on properties like UV absorption or electric resistance. Electrophoresis has applications in areas like forensics, clinical testing, and proteomics.
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ELECTROSPINNING AND PHYSICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION
- 1. MODULE 1 PHYSICAL VAPOUR APPROACHES ELECTROSPINNING & PHYSICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION ABITHA P V MTECH NANOSCIENCE& NANOTECHNOLOGY MG UNIVERSITY
- 2. ELECTROSPINNING • Electrospinning is a manufacturing technique involving electrostatic driven process used to create nano fibers. • The diameter of these fibers typically ranges between tens of nanometers to a few micrometers. Fig 1 Electrospinning machine
- 3. • The main principle of the electrospinning process is the effect that high voltage has on a polymer solution. PRINCIPLE
- 4. ELECTROSPINNING -SETUP • A high voltage power supply • A polymer reservoir • A conductive dispensing needle • Collector Fig 2 Diagrammatic representation of electrospinning apparatus
- 5. WORKING • An electrostatic potential is applied between spinneret and collector. • A fluid is slowly pumped through the spinneret • Fluid is usually a solution where the solvent can evaporate during the spinning • The droplet is held by its own surface tension at the spinner tip , until it gets electrostatically charged
- 6. • The polymer fluid assumes a conical shape (Taylor cone) • When the surface tension of the fluid is overcome, the droplet become unstable, and a liquid jet is ejected.
- 7. Electrospinning parameters Solution parameters • Viscosity • Polymer concentration • Molecular weight • Conductivity • Surface tension Processing parameters • Voltage • Tip to collector distance • Feed rate
- 8. Ambient parameters • Humidity • Temperature
- 9. Advantages • High surface to volume ratio • Very high porosity • Enhanced physico-mechanical properties • Manipulation of the solution and process parameters can be easly done to get the desired fiber morphology and mechanical strength
- 10. Applications • Filtration media • Tissue engineering scaffolds • Nanosensors • Military protection clothing • Industrial applications • Cosmetic skin mask
- 11. Physical Vapour Deposition • Physical coating process involve, condensation& Evaporation • PVD is used for high melting point and low vapor pressure material • Alternative process to electroplating
- 12. Working • Evaporation • Transportation • Reaction • Deposition
- 14. PVD techniques • Evaporative deposition • Sputter deposition • Ion induced deposition • Cathode arc deposition
- 15. Evaporative deposition • Resistive heating method is used • Deposition is performed at high temperature and low vaccum • Voltage and current is manually controlled • Material is kept in boats
- 16. Sputter deposition • Sputtering work on the basis of momentum principle,formed by the collision of the atoms and molecules • Plasma glow, ion accelerator or radioactive emitting is used to evaporate materials. • Argon gas is used for inert atmosphere
- 17. Cathode arc/Ion deposition • In this process ions are deposited on the substrates. • This process is used for IC fabrication, micro circuit printing,nano printing or pattering & lithography
- 18. Advantages • Environment friendly than paint and electroplating • More than one pvd tecnique can be used for coating. • Usually topcoats are not required • Good strength and durability
- 19. Disadvantages • Cooling systems are required • Mostly high temperature and vaccum control needs skill &experience • Pvd coated materials has no chemical interaction with the surface
- 20. References 1. . 2. Li, C. Zhao, in CMOS Past, Present and Future, 2018 3. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2043-6262/1/4/043002/meta 4. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/140716 Zhong Li, Khiam Aik Khor, in Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering, 2019