Introduction to Radio, FM, AM, FM Radio Programming, Radio Magazine Program, Content of Radio, Designing an FM Program, Radio Interview, Interview Tips, Stages of Production, Pre Production, Post Production, Production, Radio Editing, Radio News, Bulletin, Radio Feature, Radio Documentary

1. Electronic Media
BS 3rd Semester Section B
Wednesday : 10:50 am – 12:05 pm , 12:20 pm – 1:35 pm
Course Code: MCCC 333
Credit Hours: 3

2. Lecture 1 : Overview
 What is Communication
 What is Media?
 Types of Media
 Electronic Media
 TV
 Radio
 New Media

3. Lecture 2
1. Objectives of Broadcasting
Information, Education, Entertainment, Islamic
Ideology, National Ideology, Cultural Promotion,
Promotion of Regional Languages, National Unity,
Boost up Nation’s Morale, News Coverage
2. Types of News Stories
 General Types, Simple, Complex, Special
 Political, Crime, National, International, Sports,
Weather, Special, Investigative, Follow Up

4. Lecture 3
 Radio
 Types of Radio
 Radio Waves: FM & AM
 Radio Bands: FM, MW, SW
 How Radio Works?

5. FM Radio Programming
Types of Programs (FORMAT)
 Entertainment
 Education
 Discussion (Awareness)

6. Content of Radio
Human Voice
Music
Sound Effects

7. Designing an FM Program
Program Duration
Segments
Scripts
Break
Cue
Recording

8. Radio Interview Tips

9. Three Stages of Production
a) Pre-production
b) Production
c) Post-production

10. Radio Editing
 Gap/Pause-Natural Flow
 Noise-Distortion remove
 Copy cut paste
 Mixing
 Sets BGM
 Space/pauses removal
 3 micro seconds- 3 seconds after first paragraph
 Fumbling remove
 Software: Sound Forge, Adobe Audition, Audacity etc

11. Today’s Lecture
Radio News Bulletin
Radio Feature
Radio Documentary

12. Radio News Bulletin
 A bulletin is a brief radio news broadcast, giving
the bare facts of news stories before more depth
is added in a full program. A bulletin (also called
a summary) is usually broadcast on the hour or
half hour. (BBC)
 A three-minute summary normally has about eight
stories, two or three with a piece of audio (e.g.
illustrated with an audio clip of someone
speaking).

13. Steps of Making News Bulletin
 Source
 Select
 Check
 Write
 Rank

14. Steps of Making News Bulletin
 Source
• A radio journalist sources stories for hourly bulletins. Often, stories need some
background research carried out. If there are possible legal or ethical issues, make
a judgement on what can or can’t be included.
 Select
• For radio, as with print journalism, you need to know your audience. Who is
listening? Chose stories to target those people.
 Check
• Once you’ve decided what stories you want to run, make sure you really
understand them. If you need to ask more questions, then do so.
• Double-check the facts in your stories for truth and accuracy. Make sure people’s
names and job titles are correct.

15. Steps of Making News Bulletin
Write
• Structure each story by using the ‘top line’– the
most important and interesting part of each story
– to hook the audience in.
• The listener has only one chance to absorb what
you’re saying. Keep your language simple and
stay as close as possible to normal speech.
• Keep it short, sharp and to-the-point
• When a sentence gets too long, split it up.
• Avoid using acronyms

16. Steps of Making News Bulletin
 Rank: You need to decide on the lead story, and then rank your
stories in order of importance.
 Timing: The more recently a story has happened, the stronger its news value.
 Significance: The number of people affected by the story is important. A train
crash in which hundreds of people died is more significant than a crash killing
ten people.
 Proximity: Stories which happen near to us have more significance. The closer
the story to home, the more newsworthy it is.
 Prominence: Famous people get more coverage just because they are famous.
If you break your arm it won't make the news, but if The Prime Minister breaks
his arm it's big news.
 Human interest: Human interest stories which appeal to emotion and evoke
responses such as amusement or sadness are a staple of all media publishers.

17. Rules to Keep in View
 KISS - keep it short and simple
 Do not use quotes on radio or in television scripts
 Avoid unfamiliar words
 Repeat important words
 Keep punctuation simple
 Simplify numbers
 Avoid abbreviations
 Show how to pronounce difficult words

18. Voice Attributes in Broadcasting
 Speech: Language, Speaking, Talking, Pronunciation
 Accent:
 Loudness
 Clarity
 Stretch
 Stress
 Pauses

19. Next Class
Radio Documentary
Radio Feature

20. Radio Feature Types
 Personality Features
 Features on PLACES
 Occasional Radio Features