Electrolysis in industries
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Electrolysis has three main applications in industries: 1) Purification of metals like copper where impurities fall out of solution and pure metal plates at the cathode. 2) Electroplating metals to make objects more corrosion resistant and attractive by plating them with metals like copper. 3) Extraction of metals from their ores.
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The document discusses the history and processes of extracting metals from ores. It begins by describing how early humans first used native metals like stone and copper in tools thousands of years ago. Metallurgy advanced with the Bronze Age using tin and copper alloys, and later the Iron Age. It also examines factors in determining if a metal deposit is worthwhile to mine, such as the ore quality and refining needs. The document then explains metal reactivity and refining processes, highlighting how reduction reactions are used to obtain pure metals through methods like pyrometallurgy, electrometallurgy, and hydrometallurgy.
FORM 4 CHAPTER 6 Electrochemistry
This document discusses electrochemistry and voltaic cells. It begins by defining electrochemistry as the interconversion of chemical and electrical energy. It then discusses electrolysis and voltaic cells. Electrolysis involves using electricity to break down substances, while voltaic cells convert chemical energy to electrical energy. The document goes on to describe the components and reactions of voltaic cells, including simple voltaic cells and Daniell cells. It also discusses applications of electrolysis in industries such as metal extraction and electroplating.
ELECTROCHEMITRY
Electrolysis is the process of using electric current to cause non-spontaneous chemical changes. During electrolysis, ions are discharged at the electrodes. The key factors that determine which ions are discharged include the position of ions in the electrochemical series, concentration of ions, and type of electrode. Electrolysis has various industrial applications including electroplating, metal purification, and metal extraction.
Type of electrodes
This document describes the electrolysis of a copper(II) sulfate solution using copper electrodes. During electrolysis, copper ions and hydrogen ions move to the cathode where copper ions are discharged to form a brown copper deposit, while hydroxide and sulfate ions move to the anode where the copper electrode dissolves to release copper ions and electrons. The process results in the cathode gaining mass and thickness while the anode loses mass and becomes thinner, but the concentration and blue color of the copper ions in the solution remains unchanged.
Topic 1: Ore mineralogy and orebodies
The document provides an outline for a series of lectures on metals, minerals, mining and environmental problems. It discusses various topics including ore mineralogy, mining methods, ore processing, waste management, and environmental and social concerns. Specific problems examined include surface subsidence from underground mining, rockbursts, tailings dam failures, cyanidation wastes, radioactive wastes, and acid mine drainage. The document also provides background information on elements, minerals, rock types, and ore deposit geology.
METALLURGY.pptx
1. Metallurgy is the extraction of pure metals from their ore. It involves processes like concentration, isolation, and refining.
2. Metals are extracted through processes like calcination, roasting, and electrolysis depending on their reactivity. Highly reactive metals require electrolytic reduction while others can be reduced using carbon or other metals.
3. Alloys are mixtures of two or more metals that have different properties than the pure metals. Common alloys include steel, brass, and bronze. Alloys and other techniques like galvanization and anodization are used to prevent corrosion of metals.
PS F4 Set 3
This document provides the marking scheme for an electrochemistry exam consisting of multiple choice and structured questions.
Question 8 asks students to write the formula of ions present in different electrolytes, identify which ions are attracted to the anode and cathode, which ion is selectively discharged and why, and write the half reactions and observe the products at the electrodes.
Question 9 is similar to question 8 but provides a different electrolyte composition.
Question 10 asks about an electrolyte containing copper ions, the process occurring at the electrodes, and what would be observed to the electrolyte.
Question 11 provides an electrolyte and asks students to identify the positive and negative terminals, write reactions at each terminal, and observations made
cbse-class-10-science-notes-chapter-3-metals-and-non-metals.pptx
Alloys are mixtures of metals or metals with nonmetals that enhance properties like hardness and corrosion resistance. Common alloys include brass, bronze, and solder. Corrosion is the deterioration of metals due to reactions with air, moisture or chemicals. It can be prevented through methods like coating, alloying, galvanization, and electroplating. Metals are good conductors, malleable, and have high melting points, while nonmetals are brittle, poor conductors, and exist as solids, liquids or gases. Metals react with oxygen, acids, water and displacement reactions. Extraction methods depend on a metal's reactivity and include electrolysis, smelting, and self-reduction
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cbse-class-10-science-notes-chapter-3-metals-and-non-metals.pptx
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form-1-science-chapter-5-part2
The document discusses respiration and combustion, both of which require oxygen. It describes experiments that show organisms use oxygen and release carbon dioxide during respiration. Combustion is the rapid reaction of a fuel with oxygen that produces heat and light. Both processes are important for obtaining energy but can also pollute the air if not properly managed. The document emphasizes the importance of keeping the air clean for health and recommends various ways to reduce pollution such as planting trees and using alternative energy.
Describe electrolysis of an aqueous solution
Electrolysis of an aqueous solution involves applying a current to induce a chemical reaction. Cations move to the cathode and anions move to the anode. At the cathode, silver ions are reduced to silver metal and copper ions are reduced to copper metal. At the anode, bromide ions are oxidized to bromine gas and hydroxide ions are oxidized to oxygen gas and water. The overall reactions produce silver and bromine from silver bromide and copper and oxygen from copper sulfate.
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During pregnancy, a woman needs to consume an additional 500 calories per day to support her growing baby. She should eat a balanced diet containing protein, fat, and carbohydrates from foods like meat, dairy, grains, fruits and vegetables. Key vitamins and minerals include folic acid, iron, calcium and zinc, which are essential for the baby's development. A woman's weight gain during pregnancy should be between 10-12kg, with most of the extra weight coming from the baby, placenta, amniotic fluid and increased stores of blood and fat.
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Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition where the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated. Common symptoms of hypertension include chronic headaches, dizziness, blurry or double vision, nausea, shortness of breath, heart palpitations, frequent urination, and nosebleeds. An appropriate balanced diet to help reduce hypertension involves reducing sodium intake, eating more fruits and vegetables, taking more low-fat dairy, and avoiding foods high in cholesterol while including foods rich in potassium, calcium, and essential fatty acids.
Osteoporosis!!!
Osteoporosis is a disease of bones that leads to an increased risk of fracture. Women are especially at risk after menopause. Changing lifestyle habits like diet, exercise, and avoiding smoking can help reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis. It is important to prevent osteoporosis because it can cause painful fractures and increased health care costs.
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Diabetes is increasingly affecting children at younger ages. Many children are now diagnosed with diabetes before the age of 12. This is due to diets high in sugar from foods like fast food burgers and sweets. Diabetes results from either the body not producing enough insulin or developing a resistance to insulin, which regulates blood sugar. The main types of diabetes are type 1 which requires insulin injections and type 2 which is typically diagnosed in adults and can be managed through diet and exercise. Proper treatment involves dietary management, exercise, medication, and regular doctor visits to avoid serious health complications.
vegetarian
A vegetarian diet can be healthy and provide sufficient nutrients if certain foods are eaten regularly. There are three main types of vegetarian diets - vegan, lacto-vegetarian, and lacto-ovo vegetarian. Vegetarians must obtain protein from sources like beans, lentils, nuts, dairy products and eggs. Iron, calcium, vitamin D and fatty acids can be obtained through foods like leafy greens, fortified foods, mushrooms and seeds. A balanced vegetarian diet includes fruits, vegetables, grains, proteins and healthy fats.
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High blood pressure, also called hypertension, means high pressure in the arteries. It increases the risk of heart disease, kidney disease, stroke, heart failure, blindness, and other health problems. There are two types of high blood pressure: essential and secondary. Essential hypertension has no known cause and may be related to stress, diet, genetics, and other factors. Secondary hypertension is caused by an underlying medical condition like kidney disease. High blood pressure usually lasts a lifetime so it is important to take steps to prevent and control it through diet, exercise, reducing stress, and not smoking.
Electrolysis part 2: molten compound
1) Electrolysis of molten compounds involves passing an electric current through a molten compound, causing its ions to migrate to the electrodes.
2) During electrolysis of molten lead(II) bromide (PbBr2), the Pb2+ ions migrate to the cathode, where they gain electrons and deposit as metallic lead. Meanwhile, the Br- ions migrate to the anode, where they lose electrons and form a bromine gas product.
3) The overall reaction is the decomposition of PbBr2 into lead metal and bromine gas.
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Malnutrition is an unbalanced diet that results in deficiencies or excesses of certain nutrients. There are two types: undernutrition, which is a lack of nutrients, and overnutrition, which is an excessive intake of specific nutrients. Malnutrition can lead to diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory problems. It is important to eat a nutritious, varied diet according to individual requirements and avoid junk and fast foods in order to prevent malnutrition.
4s6_malnutrition (student)
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The document discusses key concepts in electrochemistry including electrolytes, conductors, electrolysis, and cations and anions. It defines an electrolyte as a substance that can conduct electricity due to the presence of freely moving ions. Conductors are able to conduct electricity but do not undergo chemical reactions. Electrolysis is the process of using a direct electric current to drive nonspontaneous chemical reactions through an electrolyte. During electrolysis, cations migrate to the cathode and anions migrate to the anode.
4s6 mini assignment
A simple assignment for you and your friends...
The hard work and presentation from you will be appreciated...
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4s6 c nutrition (vitamin)
A=Apple / "Ang Mou Dan"
B=Banana / "Buah Duku"
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Dark-skinned fruits like blueberries and oranges, fatty fish like salmon and tuna, protein, and carbohydrate-rich foods in the evening are good for brain health as they contain antioxidants and nutrients that help brain cells communicate and the brain function properly. Staying hydrated by drinking water also helps wash out impurities and allows the brain to work effectively. Studies show that fish oil, eggs, and blueberries in particular can improve intelligence and memory.
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Electrolysis in industries
- 1. Electrolysis in industries Date:_______________ Applications: 1) Purification of metals 2) Electroplating of metals 3) Extraction of metals (H/W: draw Figure 6.4 & make own notes form Text Book, pg.102) 1) Purification of metals (E.g: copper ) Electrolyte : a solution of the metal ions (E.g: Copper (II) Sulphate solution ) Anode : impure metal_____________ (E.g: impure copper ) Cathode : pure metal____________ __ (E.g: pure copper ) Description: During the electrolysis: impure copper as the anode: pure copper as the cathode. The impure copper plate (anode) dissolves and the impurities fall to the bottom of the beaker/container. Cu → Cu2+ + 2e- At the pure copper plate (cathode), the copper (II) ions are discharged. A layer of copper is deposited on the anode plate. Cu2+ + 2e- → Cu 2) Electroplating of metals. Electroplating = a process of depositing a layer of metal on another substance using electrolysis. Purposes: To make the object more resistant to corrosion. (To protect the object to be plated from corrosion) To make the object look more attractive. (To give the object a more attractive appearance) Electrolyte : a solution of the plating metal ion (E.g: copper (II)sulphate solution) Anode : Pure plating metal (E.g: Pure copper) Cathode : Object to be electroplated (E.g: iron spoon/ key/coins) Description: During the electrolysis: pure copper as the anode: iron spoon as the cathode. The pure copper (anode) dissolves to form copper(II) ions. Cu → Cu2+ + 2e- At the iron spoon (cathode), the copper (II) ions are discharged. A layer of copper is deposited on the surface of the iron spoon. Cu2+ + 2e- → Cu Electroplating of the iron spoon copper occurs.
- 2. Electroplating of copper on an iron spoon