This document discusses electrical safety and protection. It notes that electricity can cause serious injuries or death even with small amounts. Proper safety is important to prevent hazards like electrical shock, electrocution, burns, falls, fires and explosions. Statistics show that electrical accidents cause many deaths worldwide every year. The document then describes various electrical safety products that can help detect and prevent accidents, such as GFCIs, AFCIs, infrared detectors, and automatic external defibrillators. Maintaining safety awareness and using innovative safety devices are important for injury prevention.

1. Electrical Safety
And Protection SYED LATEEF UDDIN
B110877EE

2. Why Electrical Safety ?
▪ Sometimes it is easy to forget just how dangerous electricity can be.
▪ Electricity can cause serious injuries or even death.
▪ It takes very little electricity to cause harm.
▪ Lack of safety can cause serious electrical HAZARDS.

3. Effects on the Human Body
Depends on:
▪ Current and Voltage
▪ Resistance
▪ Path through body
▪ Duration of shock

4. Electrical Dangers
▪ Electrical shock
▪ Electrocution (death due to electrical shock)
▪ Burns
▪ Falls
▪ Arc flash and Arc Blast
▪ Explosions
▪ Fires

5. Electrical Accidents - Statistics
▪ Almost 12 people die due to electrocution every day (Source- NCRB National Crime
Records Bureau)
▪ 42 % of total fires occur due to electrical sources (Source -OISD)
▪ 8% deaths that occur in Indian factories are due to electricity
India

6. Electrical Accidents - Statistics
▪ 25% of all fires occur due to electricity (NFPA)
▪ 411 deaths from job related electrical accidents per year (NIOSH)
▪ Electrocution - the fifth leading cause of death (1982 - 1990) NIOSH
▪ Electrocution is the cause of 12% of all workplace deaths among young workers.
United States

7. NFPA - NEC (1897)
NESC (1913), from IEEE
NIOSH (Research example: development of voltage detector that will
signal the person if he gets close to live power)-1970
OSHA (1970)
NFPA 70 E & B (1979) -approved by OSHA
NESF(1994), by UL, NFPA, NEMA, CPSC

8. Electrical Safety Products
▪ Residual Current-Operated Circuit
Breakers (RCCBs)
▪ Arc Fault Current Interrupters (AFCIs)
▪ Glowing Connection Detector (GCDs)
▪ Infra-Red Hotspot Detection Tool
▪ Thermography Surveys
▪ Automatic Defibrillators
▪ Complete Home ES Kit
▪ Automatic Fire Detection & Extinguishing
System
▪ Electrical Product Safety Recalls
▪ Linear Heat Sensing Cables (LHSC)

9. Electrical Safety Products
GFCIs RCCBs
▪ Used in wet and
other high risky
areas.
▪ Stops the flow of
electricity when there
is a difference
between current
leaving and returning
from the outlet.
▪ Push test button and
then reset button.
▪ RCCBs - 30, 100,
300 mA.
▪ Delayed tripping
RCCBs (200 mS)

10. GFCI

11. Electrical Safety Products
AFCIs – Arc Fault Current Interrupters
• Arcs - temperatures up to 20,000°C,Sun’s outer temperature- 5000°C.
• No material on earth can withstand arc temperature.
• RCCBs cannot detect arcing faults.
• AFCIs - the innovative ES device after RCCBs.
• AFCIs detects arcing waveforms and trips.
• AFCIs - mandatory in all US homes from 2002 January onwards

12. Electrical Safety Products
GCDs – Glowing Connection Detectors
• GCs are fires waiting to happen.
• Loose connections at socket terminals will cause glowing connections.
• Use of GCDs- recommended by Forensic engineers.
• Glowing connections -will not detected by fuses, MCBs, RCCBs, AFCIs.
• GCDs operate at 83 degree C.
• Glowing connection hazards were detected by a underwriters
laboratories study
(Firefly GCD)

13. Electrical Safety Products
Infra–Red Hotspot Detector
▪ Used as part of effective EPM (Electrical Preventive Maintenance).
▪ Hotspot surveys on critical, high capacity motor terminations, measurement of continuously
running critical motors.
▪ Uses infra-red technology, with laser sighting.
▪ Does not penetrate glass, plastic.
▪ Interpretation of readings - very critical.

14. Electrical Safety Products
HFFR Cables
▪ Halogen-Free Fire Retardant cables.
▪ Emits very low smoke, compared to PVC & even
FRLS cables.
▪ Increasingly Used by many instead of FRLS (Fire
Retardant low Smoke) cables.

15. Electrical Safety Products
Thermography Surveys
▪ Part of predictive maintenance.
▪ In the De-Terrified scenario, may be offered by
general insurance companies.
▪ Identification of potential survey points /
equipment and interpretation - very crucial.
▪ NFPA 70 E recommends Thermographic surveys.

16. Electrical Safety Products
AEDs – Automatic External Defibrillation
▪ 250,000 deaths every year due to sudden cardiac
arrest.
▪ AEDs - to be part of Emergency Medical Kit.
▪ For every minute that passes without defibrillation,
the chances of survival decreases by 10%.
▪ Has a voice prompt, cost USD 3000/-
▪ UK - not a legal requirement, but a Statutory
requirement in US.
▪ No legal liability for deaths involving the use of
AEDs.

17. Electrical Safety Products
Linear Heat Sensing Cables
▪ Advantageous than detectors, more effective
LHSC applications:
▪ Cable trays in cable galleries
▪ Transformers
▪ Switch gears

18. Electrical Safety Products
Automatic Fire D&E System
▪ local flooding application inside electrical switch
gears / power panels- detects heat and the heat -
sensitive tube punctures, letting out Ozone-
friendly fire extinguishing gas

19. Electrical Safety Products
Non-Contact type voltage
detector (magnetic field)
Plug-In Wiring Checker
▪ detects 14 wiring
defects, ideal for
testing sockets, BS
1363, faulty N,
missing E, reverse
P& N

20. Home Electrical Safety Kit
▪ Surge protector
▪ GFCI
▪ AFCI
▪ MCBs

21. • Need for Electrical Safety is universal.
• ES awareness is increasing.
• Partnership between regulators, employers,
manufacturers- growing.
• Many injuries are prevented.
• Learning from experience- very essential.
• Innovative ES devices are being used by people.
CONCLUSION
MUCH MORE TO BE DONE IN THE FIELD OF ES IN INDIA

22.  www.wikipedia.org
 www.osha.gov
 www.aep.com
 www.ulstandards.ul.com
 www.standards.ieee.org/about/nesc

23. THANK YOU