costing of domestic and industrial wiring
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This document discusses various topics related to electrical wiring estimation and costing for domestic and industrial wiring projects. It covers types of wiring, selection of wiring types, importance of layout planning, sub-circuiting, looping, standard wire sizes, testing procedures before commissioning wiring, and provides examples of procedures for estimating wiring costs for domestic and industrial projects. The document is intended to provide an overview and guidance on planning, estimating, and testing electrical wiring installations.
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Contents :
Introduction
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2.Domestic electric circuits.
3.Domestic wiring .
4.Sub-circuits in domestic wiring.
5.Methods of wiring.
6.Industrial Electrification .
7.Types of installation.
8.Electrical installation for power circuits.
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Fig(1):Electrical power transmission from electric pole to energy meter to distribution board
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1.The live wire has a high potential of 220V whereas the neutral wire has zero potential .Thus the potential difference between the live wire and the neutral wire is 220-0=220V.
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Electrical wiring domestic and industries
The wiring is important to every industries and domestic.And how the electrical power comes from transmission line to meter board to our domestic switch board ,switches etc.Here we explain the contents of the domestic wiring and industrial electrification etc.
below shows related documents.
KSRM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,KADAPA.
_________________________
ELECTRIACAL WIRING IN DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIES
Contents :
Introduction
1.Electrical power supply wiring.
2.Domestic electric circuits.
3.Domestic wiring .
4.Sub-circuits in domestic wiring.
5.Methods of wiring.
6.Industrial Electrification .
7.Types of installation.
8.Electrical installation for power circuits.
INTRODUCTION :
Electrical wiring is an electrical installation of cabling and associated devices such as switches, distribution boards, sockets and light fittings in a structure. Wiring is subjected to safety standards for design and installation. Allowable wire and cable types and sixes are specified according to the circuit operating voltage and electric current capability, with further restriction on environmental conditions ,such as ambient temperature range, moisture levels, and exposure to sunlight and chemicals .
Associated circuit protection, control and distribution devices within a building’s wiring system are subject to voltage, current and functional specification. It is necessary to select proper type of wiring scheme for the domestic purpose. Thus a network of wires connecting various accessories for distribution of electrical energy from the supplier meter board to the numerous electrical energy consuming devices through controlling and safety devices is known as Electrical wiring.
Electrical power supply wiring
Fig(1):Electrical power transmission from electric pole to energy meter to distribution board
Domestic electric circuits:
1.Electric power is usually generated at places which are far away from the places where it is consumed . At the generating station, the electric power is generated at 11KV volts . This voltage alternates at a frequency of 50HZ.
2.The power is transmitted over a long distance at high voltages to minimize the loss of energy in the transmission.
3.The electric power line enter our house through three wires -namely the live wire, the neutral wire and the earth wire.
4.To avoid confusion we follow a colour code for insulating these wires.
5.The ted wire is the live wire, and the black wire is neutral, the earth wire is given green plastic insulation.
Domestic wiring
1.The live wire has a high potential of 220V whereas the neutral wire has zero potential .Thus the potential difference between the live wire and the neutral wire is 220-0=220V.
2.The earth wire is much thicker in size and is made of copper. One end of it is connected to a copper plate buried deep under the earth. The earth connection is made to the electric meter and then the main switch.
Substation
A substation is a high-voltage electric facility used to switch generators, equipment, and circuits in and out of a system. It also changes AC voltages and converts between AC and DC. Substations can be classified by their service, mounting, function, type of apparatus, and control. They include transformers, switches, circuit breakers, and other equipment to distribute power at appropriate voltages for transmission and utilization.
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This document provides information on electrical wiring systems. It discusses single phase and three phase wiring systems used for domestic and industrial applications. It describes the components of wiring including switches, wires, cables and different types. Factors affecting choice of wiring and specifications of wires are explained. Common wiring methods like cleat wiring, wooden casing and capping wiring, CTS wiring are described along with their advantages and disadvantages.
Substation design-guideliness
A private company is building a new factory requiring 1150 kVA of power. The company will connect to a 36 kV distribution network with a short circuit current of 15.3 kA and rated operational current of 525 A at 31.5 kV. A new indoor transformer substation will include a load break switch incoming feeder, circuit breaker outgoing feeder, circuit breaker for customer isolation and protection, metering cubicle, and transformer protection cubicle with circuit breaker. The transformer will be selected as 1600 kVA, 31.5/0.4 kV based on the power requirements. A single line diagram of the substation will be drawn showing all equipment ratings.
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This document provides information about electrical estimating and contracting. It discusses various concepts covered in the subject including interpreting electrical diagrams, preparing estimates for domestic, commercial, and industrial installations, and generating related documentation. It also covers electrical wiring diagrams, symbols, and safety practices for electrical work. Key topics include classifying electrical diagrams, defining wiring and circuit diagrams, converting between multi-line and single-line representations, and safety requirements specified in Indian electricity rules.
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Domestic wiring refers to wiring done in homes to provide electrical power for lighting, fans, and appliances safely. The choice of wiring is affected by factors like durability, electrical safety, appearance, cost, accessibility, maintenance cost, and mechanical safety. Common types of wiring include parallel wiring, switch wiring, and series wiring. Basic home circuits use live, neutral, and earth wires. Safety measures for circuits include earthing appliances, fuses to prevent overloading and short circuits, and circuit breakers.
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This document discusses different types of domestic wiring systems used in residential buildings, including cleat wiring, CTS wiring, metal sheathed wiring, casing and capping wiring, and conduit wiring. It describes the key features of each system and their advantages and disadvantages. Earthling and its necessity are also explained, highlighting the importance of connecting electrical equipment to earth for safety. Different earthing methods and factors affecting earth resistance are outlined.
Electrical wiring system
The document discusses electrical wiring systems used in buildings. It describes different types of wiring such as cleat wiring, wood casing wiring, CTS wiring, conduit wiring, and metal sheathed wiring. It covers topics like wire selection criteria based on current and voltage ratings, wire insulation materials, and Indian Standards for electrical wiring installations. Color coding of wires is also mentioned.
Design of Electrical Installation of Buildings.ppt
This document provides an overview of 8 modules for the design of electrical installations in buildings according to IEE Regulations BS 7671. The modules cover: general characteristics including maximum current demand, circuit division and earthing types; overcurrent protection; cable selection; protection against electric shock; earthing and bonding; isolation and switching; special installations and locations; and inspection and testing. Each module discusses the relevant considerations and regulations for that topic.
Superior Tray Systems Inc.: Introduction to the Technical and Safety Aspects ...
Tired of repairing failed bus ducts? Learn about the technical and safety aspects of our no-maintenance cable bus as an alternative to bus ducts, wire in conduit and cable trays. Visit us at http://www.superiortray.com/ for more information.
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Bus Ducts or Hollow conductors
This is a complete guide on Hollow conductors which are used at Power Plants for AC systems.
This is a training report on Bus Ducts. This was presented at Sri Balaji College of engineering and technology by Ajay Meena.
1.2 types of wirings
This document discusses different types of electrical wiring. It describes cleat wiring, batten wiring, casing capping wiring, conduit wiring, and concealed wiring. Concealed wiring is considered the safest and most modern type as it protects wires inside walls, but is also the most difficult and expensive to install and repair. Cleat wiring is a temporary and unsafe type of wiring that is no longer commonly used.
Residential Electrical Equipments and Services.pptx
The document discusses residential electrical systems, equipment, and services. It covers the purpose of electrical systems to distribute power safely throughout a building. It then describes various components of residential electrical systems including the main service panel, subpanels, wiring systems, circuit breakers, earthing systems, and common residential equipment. Electrical installations require planning, design, layout, approvals, testing, and connection to ensure safe and reliable power for residential buildings.
#Building wiring system#presentation#Wire is a single electrical conductor, w...
#An “electrical power system” can be defined as a network of electrical components used to supply, transform, transfer and distribute electrical energy. An “electrical wiring system” instead, is responsible for powering specific elements within a system, that need electricity to work.
report on electrical wiring
This document provides definitions and information about electrical wiring accessories. It discusses different types of wiring systems used in residential and commercial buildings like cleat wiring, casing and capping wiring, conducting wiring, and C.T.S. or T.R.S. wiring. It also covers wiring accessories required for domestic wiring, curriculum for house wiring, types of conducting wiring, and advantages and disadvantages of different wiring methods. The document concludes with a summary of the electrical accessories market trends.
Household wiring
The document discusses household wiring and electrical safety. It describes the different types of wiring systems used in homes like tree and ring systems. It explains single phase and three phase power supply and the appropriate voltages used. Safety aspects like proper wire sizing and fuse ratings are covered. Guidelines for home wiring as per ISI specifications are provided such as total circuit load, switchboard heights and allowing no wiring above ceilings. Proper grounding is emphasized to prevent electric shocks.
Electrical System Design
The document discusses the design considerations for electrical installations. It covers topics like supply systems, distribution systems, conductors and cables, protection devices, earthing, and circuit breakers. The key points are:
1) Electrical supply systems are classified based on voltage into LV, MV, HV and EHV ranges. Distribution systems can be single or three-phase using 2, 3 or 4-wire configurations.
2) Selection of cables considers current rating, voltage drop and insulation ability to withstand temperatures. Stranded conductors improve flexibility. Fuses and circuit breakers protect against overloads, short circuits and earth faults.
3) Earthing is important for safety and connects earth terminals to electrodes buried in
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This document discusses the construction, testing, and standards for underground power cables. It describes the typical components of cables including conductors, insulation materials like XLPE and PVC, sheathing and armor. Key tests for cables are outlined, including partial discharge testing to check for insulation defects and high voltage testing. Standards for cables from organizations like IEC and BIS are also referenced.
SCR PROTECTION PART 2
SCRs require protection from over voltage, over current, and high rates of change of voltage and current. This is because SCRs are sensitive devices that can be damaged by transient overloads or abnormal operating conditions. Various protection techniques are used like snubber circuits, surge suppressors, fuses, contactors, and gate protection circuits to prevent damage to SCRs in power electronic applications and ensure reliable system operation.
DOMESTIC WIRING
This document provides information about domestic wiring systems and components. It discusses various factors to consider when choosing a wiring system such as safety, durability, appearance, cost, and maintenance. It then describes five common wiring systems: cleat wiring, wooden casing and capping wire, surface conduit wiring, concealed conduit wiring, and casing and capping wiring. It also covers lighting control methods like 2-way and 3-way switching. Additional sections explain fuses, miniature circuit breakers, earthing methods including pipe and plate earthing, and safety devices like the ELCB and RCCB.
Uses of cables in engineering world
the cables are very important and important for civil engineers to learn the different types of cable usage in modern civil engineering
MEASUREMENT OF RESISTANCE
1. There are various methods to measure resistance depending on the resistance range. Low and medium resistances can be measured using ammeter-voltmeter, potentiometer, and Wheatstone bridge methods.
2. High resistances like cable insulation and transmission line insulators require methods that address problems like leakage currents and electrostatic effects, such as the guard circuit and screened measuring circuits.
3. Common instruments to measure high resistances include megohmmeters, which apply a voltage and measure the leakage current, and earth testers, which measure earth electrode resistance using auxiliary electrodes.
Similar to costing of domestic and industrial wiring (20)
Unit-6 Electrical Appliances and Protective Equipments2.pptx
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ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE
Electrical maintenance involves preventive maintenance to improve efficiency and profitability by preventing accidents, extending equipment lifespan, and avoiding breakdowns. Common electrical faults occur due to improper maintenance, environmental factors like moisture and overloading, poor insulation and ventilation, and normal wear and tear. Locating and repairing faults in various appliances and equipment requires considering inspection, transportation, and parts costs as well as using protective devices like fuses, relays, controllers, switches, and earthing.
ELECTRIC IRON MAINTENANCE
The document summarizes the key parts and specifications of an automatic electric iron. It discusses the heating element, base plate, pressure plate, and temperature controller. The heating element is typically made of nichrome alloy due to its high resistance, melting point, and stability at high temperatures up to 1000°C. The base plate is triangular shaped and chromium plated to prevent rusting. A thermostat is used for temperature control via a bimetallic plate for automatic ON/OFF cycles. General specifications include color, brand type, dimensions while technical specifications list power rating, voltage, frequency.
ELECTRIC PUMP MAINTENANCE
This document discusses the components and operation of a mono block pump system. It includes a single phase motor that runs at 1450 rpm on 230V power, directly connected to a pump that sucks in and forces out water. The pump is housed within a cast iron cover along with bearings to enable rotation and a terminal box containing electrical connections that must be properly earthed and protected from water.
INDUCTION MOTOR
This document discusses single-phase induction motors, specifically capacitor start capacitor run motors. It describes the key components of these motors, including the main body, enclosures, stator, rotor, windings, rotor shaft, capacitor, and bearings. Capacitor start capacitor run motors are widely used in domestic applications under 1 HP to power devices in homes. The document explains the working principle and difference between capacitor start capacitor run motors and only capacitor start motors.
Wiring ch 5.2 dol starter
The document describes the main components of a DOL starter:
1) An enclosure houses the components and provides weather protection.
2) A thermal overload relay opens the contactor circuit if heavy currents cause uneven heating of a bimetallic strip.
3) An electromagnetic contactor uses a coil to attract contacts and complete the main circuit when powered on. It opens the circuit when the coil is deenergized.
market survey
The document lists various electrical wiring products and their suppliers. It includes starters, motors, pumps, fans, switches, wires, sockets, circuit breakers, boards, and regulators. The supplier for each product listed is Easy Engineering.
Wiring ch 2.3 purchase process
This document provides an overview of the electrical wiring purchase process. It defines key terminology used in purchases, describes the different types of purchase methods including inquiry based, tender based, and rate contract. It also outlines the tendering process, types of contracts, terms and conditions, and the role of the purchase committee.
table fan
The document summarizes the key parts of a table fan, including the fan motor, main body, fan blades, regulator, and oscillating mechanism. The fan motor is typically 60-70 watts, uses a 4-pole induction motor with a starting and running winding in a capacitor start capacitor run design. The oscillating mechanism uses a mechanical design to partially rotate the fan in a semi-circle at 4-5 times per minute. The fan regulator controls speed by inserting more or less resistance, and the fan blades are usually made of steel or aluminum with an aerodynamic 3-4 blade design.
2.2 total cost
learn how to find out total cost of wiring
1. material cost
2. labour cost
3. admin charges
4. miscellenious and service charge
2.1 estimation
This document discusses two types of electrical wiring estimations: approximate estimations and scientific estimations. Approximate estimations are based on experience and thumb rules and may contain errors, while scientific estimations involve detailed calculations of required materials, labor, and tools based on designs and specifications to predict costs and profit/loss more accurately. Scientific estimations require technical knowledge of calculations, specifications, drawings, standards, and site conditions.
1.4 electric tools
The document lists various tools used for electrical wiring including combination pliers, cutters, nose pliers, wire strippers, screwdrivers, hammers, hacksaws, pincers, try squares, spanner sets, scissors, measurement tapes, test lamps, hand drills, electric drills, neon testers, levels, and wire gauges.
1.3 wiring accessories
This document discusses and classifies various electrical wiring accessories. It describes controlling accessories like switches, mounting accessories like holders used to mount fixtures, safety accessories like circuit breakers and fuses, and general accessories like connectors, ceiling roses and plug sockets. These accessories are important components used in home and building wiring systems to control and distribute electricity safely.
SCR COMMUTATION PART 1
This document discusses commutation of SCRs (silicon controlled rectifiers). Commutation is the process of turning off an SCR. There are natural and forced commutation methods. Natural commutation occurs automatically in AC when the load current drops below the holding current or the SCR becomes reverse biased. Forced commutation is required in DC applications using an extra circuit to forcefully turn off the SCR. Commutation can occur through reducing the current below the holding current level or applying a reverse voltage. There are different classes of commutation depending on the method used.
RATINGS OF SCR
This document discusses the key ratings of silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs) that must be considered for reliable operation. It outlines voltage ratings like peak repetitive forward blocking voltage and peak working reverse voltage. It also covers current ratings like maximum average current rating and di/dt rating. Thermal ratings like the I2t rating and maximum junction temperature are provided. The document emphasizes that SCRs must operate within these specified ratings to avoid damage.
SCR COMMUTATION PART 2
This document discusses different types of commutation for turning off SCRs (thyristors). It describes Class A commutation which uses a resonant load to achieve zero voltage turn-off, Class B which uses self-commutation via the intrinsic timing of the SCR, and Class C which uses one SCR to turn off another. Class D uses an auxiliary SCR to apply reverse voltage commutation across the main SCR. Class E applies a reverse voltage pulse and Class F utilizes the negative half of an AC cycle for natural commutation without extra circuitry. In summary, the document outlines six common classes of commutation techniques for turning off SCRs either through reducing current or applying a reverse voltage.
MOUNTING OF SCR
The document discusses five different mounting techniques for silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs) used in power electronics based on capacity level: lead mounting for low capacity, stud mounting for medium-high capacity, bolt mounting for medium-high capacity, press fit mounting for higher capacity, and press pack/disc/hockey pack mounting for very high capacity applications where multiple SCRs are sandwiched between heat sink plates for cooling.
SCR PROTECTION
The document discusses protection methods for SCRs (silicon controlled rectifiers). SCRs are sensitive to over voltage, over current, temperature changes, and gate malfunctions. Protection is needed to prevent damage from high dv/dt, di/dt, over voltage events like lightning surges, and over current. Methods include using capacitors to reduce dv/dt, snubber circuits for di/dt, nonlinear surge suppressors like varistors, selenium suppressors, and avalanche diodes to divert over voltage surges, and thermal protection for over current.
POWER ELECTRONICS BASIC COMPONENTS INTRODUCTION PART 1
Power electronics is a branch of electronics engineering that deals with high voltages and currents. It involves components that can handle voltages in the hundreds or thousands and currents in the hundreds of amps. Power electronics converters include rectifiers to convert AC to DC, inverters to convert DC to AC for solar power, choppers to vary DC voltage, and cycloconverters to change AC frequency. Common power electronic devices are DIACs, TRIACs, SCRs, GTOs, UJTs, PUTs, LASCRs, power diodes, PNPN diodes, BJTs, power MOSFETs, and IGBTs.
POWER EECTRONICS BASIC COMPONENTS PART 2
This document discusses various power electronics components used in switching and control applications. It describes components like power diodes, SCRs, triacs, GTOs, MOSFETs, and LASCRs. For each component, it provides a brief overview of the construction, operation, characteristics and common applications. The document emphasizes that power electronics components are designed to operate at high voltages and currents compared to normal semiconductor devices.
Tools and protective devices for the maintenance of electrical items
The document discusses the differences between tools, instruments, and apparatuses used in electrical engineering. It states that a tool is designed for a specific task, an instrument is more sophisticated and usually used for measurement, and an apparatus combines instruments and possibly tools for a particular purpose. It then prompts the reader to identify examples of tools, instruments, and protective devices commonly used in electrical engineering and briefly describes some common examples under each category.
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costing of domestic and industrial wiring
- 1. ELECTRICAL WIRING ESTIMATION & COSTING OF DOMESTIC & INDUSTRIAL WIRING PART 1 3.1
- 2. Types of wiring Temporary Permanent Over view of wiring EASY ENGINEERING
- 3. • Convenience • Financial capacity • Weather • Fashion or trends • Technical reasons • Social and Cultural reasons • Look matters..? • Yes Selection of wiring types EASY ENGINEERING
- 4. Wiring types Domestic •Lighting circuit •Power circuit Industrial EASY ENGINEERING
- 5. Why Lay out plan of wiring is so important? EASY ENGINEERING
- 6. To work out man power & material To work out cost To find faults in future To plan the work To put proper safety mechanism EASY ENGINEERING
- 7. What is SUB CIRCUITING? • Division of wiring in small parts • Makes wiring easier • Is more reliable • More safe • Low voltage drop hence more efficient • Separates heavy loads and Light loads EASY ENGINEERING
- 8. Sub Circuits (Its as per the load calculation) •Lighting sub circuit • Lights • Fans • 5Amp plugs etc •Power sub circuit • Refrigerator • Oven • Heater • Geyser etc EASY ENGINEERING
- 9. What is looping ? EASY ENGINEERING
- 10. Looping is a method of wiring Generally Neutral wire is looped for two or more than two loads, say lamps Means separate phase wire will run for each load But common neutral wire will be there as return path It saves wire EASY ENGINEERING
- 11. Standard Size of wires/cables in mm2 0.5 0.75 1 1.5 2.5 4 6 10 16 25 35 50 70 95 120 150 185 240 300 400 630 800 1000 500 EASY ENGINEERING
- 12. Procedure for Domestic wiring estimation Draw layout plan Calculate Electrical load Calculate no. of power & Lighting sub circuits Calculate wire size then consider next higher size Select proper switches , boards, fuses etc Tabulate required wire and other accessories Calculate cost of material, labor and misc cost Now calculate per point cost of wiring Procedure for Domestic wiring estimation Calculate conduit, earthing wire etc EASY ENGINEERING
- 13. Important points to take care of: Always connect switch in phase and never in neutral. Use proper rating wire and other accessories Use ISI material to ensure safety Use fuses of proper rating Keep proper lighting and power sub circuits Have proper earthing and earthing wire EASY ENGINEERING
- 15. Draw wiring layout, calculate material & costing for the newly constructed 3 BHK bungalow. You are free to assume data and appropriate price EASY ENGINEERING
- 16. ELECTRICAL WIRING ESTIMATION & COSTING OF DOMESTIC & INDUSTRIAL WIRING PART 2 3.2
- 17. • Insulation resistance test • Resistance b/w conductor & Earthing • Resistance b/w conductors • Polarity test • Earth continuity test Tests before commissioning of wiring EASY ENGINEERING
- 18. Insulation Resistance Test • Measured by Megger Insulation tester • Megger must be tested for infinity value prior to operate. • It should be in M Ohm or higher • It should be periodically measured for safety point of view EASY ENGINEERING
- 19. Resistance between Conductors Resistance between Conductor & Earth • These values should also be in M Ohms • If its lower than Standard value, then short circuit may occur EASY ENGINEERING
- 20. EASY ENGINEERING
- 21. •Used to verify whether switches are connected in phase and not in neutral. •This ensures the safety of a person Polarity Test EASY ENGINEERING
- 22. Continuity Test •This test helps to determine if wire is continuous or broken in the way. •Generally meter is set to Beap if circuit is continuous or short EASY ENGINEERING
- 23. Estimation of Domestic wiring Decide required wiring type Identify 5A & 15 A points Calculate circuits & Sub circuits Identify locations for Main boards, Distribution boards and others Calculate material required Find out costing Divide Total cost by no. of poitns to get per point cost EASY ENGINEERING
- 24. ESTIMATION OF INDUSTRIAL WIRING Calculate load according to ratings of machines Calculate main switch ratings Determine Panels, starters, switches , locations etc Calculate cable size according to table of standards See if lighting circuits are required Refer price catalogues Calculate total material and price EASY ENGINEERING
- 25. PRACTICE MAKES MAN PERFECT.. Try few examples by your own EASY ENGINEERING