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• Where multiple charges are present, the forces
sum as vectors (“principle of superposition”)
Electrostatic force
+ve
+ve
+ve
𝐹𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝐹1 + 𝐹2
𝐹1
𝐹2
• Where multiple charges are present, the forces
sum as vectors (“principle of superposition”)
Electrostatic force
+ve
+ve
+ve
𝐹1
𝐹2
Electric field
A region around a charged particle or object within which a force would
be exerted on other charged particles or objects.
Electric field
• The electric field at a point is the force a unit
charge (q = +1 C) would experience if placed there
• It is a vector and its direction can be represented
by electric field lines
• Let’s look at some simple examples!
𝐸 =
𝐹
𝑞
𝐹 = 𝑞 𝐸 (Units of E are N/C)
Electric field
• Electric field around a positive charge +Q
Test charge +q at separation r
feels an outward force
|𝐹| =
𝑘 𝑄 𝑞
𝑟2
|𝐸| =
|𝐹|
𝑞
=
𝑘 𝑄
𝑟2
+q
Now imagine placing the test charge at many different
places to map out the whole electric field
Electric field is also outward
Electric field
• Electric field around a positive charge +Q
|𝐸| =
|𝐹|
𝑞
=
𝑘 𝑄
𝑟2
Magnitude of electric field at
any point:
Direction of electric field is
radially outward
Electric field
• Electric field around a negative charge -Q
|𝐸| =
|𝐹|
𝑞
=
𝑘 𝑄
𝑟2
Magnitude of electric field at
any point:
Direction of electric field is
radially inward
Electric field
• Electric field lines start on positive charges and end
on negative charges
• The more closely spaced the field lines, the
stronger the force
Electric field
• The direction of the field lines show how a positive
charge would move if placed at that point. A
negative charge would move the opposite way.
𝐸
+q
-q
𝐹 = 𝐸/𝑞
𝐹 = −𝐸/𝑞
Electric field
• Electric field lines between two charges
Unlike charges Like charges
Electric field
• Electric field lines between charged plates
Electric field
• Electric field lines between charged plates
• A constant electric field is obtained (see later
material on capacitors)
𝐸
Electric dipole
• A pair of positive and negative charges together
form an electric dipole
• An example in nature is the water molecule H20
Dipole moment
Chapter 20 : Summary
• Matter is made up of positive and negative charges.
Electrons/protons carry the elementary charge 1.6 x 10-19 C
• Forces between charges are described by Coulomb’s Law
• Forces from multiple charges sum as vectors
• Electric field describes the force-field around charges
𝐹 =
𝑘 𝑞1 𝑞2
𝑟2
𝑘 = 9 × 109 𝑁 𝑚2 𝐶−2
𝐸 =
𝐹
𝑞
𝐹 = 𝑞 𝐸

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Topic5_Electricity_Part1.pptx

  • 1. • Where multiple charges are present, the forces sum as vectors (“principle of superposition”) Electrostatic force +ve +ve +ve 𝐹𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝐹1 + 𝐹2 𝐹1 𝐹2
  • 2. • Where multiple charges are present, the forces sum as vectors (“principle of superposition”) Electrostatic force +ve +ve +ve 𝐹1 𝐹2
  • 3. Electric field A region around a charged particle or object within which a force would be exerted on other charged particles or objects.
  • 4.
  • 5. Electric field • The electric field at a point is the force a unit charge (q = +1 C) would experience if placed there • It is a vector and its direction can be represented by electric field lines • Let’s look at some simple examples! 𝐸 = 𝐹 𝑞 𝐹 = 𝑞 𝐸 (Units of E are N/C)
  • 6. Electric field • Electric field around a positive charge +Q Test charge +q at separation r feels an outward force |𝐹| = 𝑘 𝑄 𝑞 𝑟2 |𝐸| = |𝐹| 𝑞 = 𝑘 𝑄 𝑟2 +q Now imagine placing the test charge at many different places to map out the whole electric field Electric field is also outward
  • 7. Electric field • Electric field around a positive charge +Q |𝐸| = |𝐹| 𝑞 = 𝑘 𝑄 𝑟2 Magnitude of electric field at any point: Direction of electric field is radially outward
  • 8. Electric field • Electric field around a negative charge -Q |𝐸| = |𝐹| 𝑞 = 𝑘 𝑄 𝑟2 Magnitude of electric field at any point: Direction of electric field is radially inward
  • 9. Electric field • Electric field lines start on positive charges and end on negative charges • The more closely spaced the field lines, the stronger the force
  • 10. Electric field • The direction of the field lines show how a positive charge would move if placed at that point. A negative charge would move the opposite way. 𝐸 +q -q 𝐹 = 𝐸/𝑞 𝐹 = −𝐸/𝑞
  • 11. Electric field • Electric field lines between two charges Unlike charges Like charges
  • 12. Electric field • Electric field lines between charged plates
  • 13. Electric field • Electric field lines between charged plates • A constant electric field is obtained (see later material on capacitors) 𝐸
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  • 25. Electric dipole • A pair of positive and negative charges together form an electric dipole • An example in nature is the water molecule H20 Dipole moment
  • 26. Chapter 20 : Summary • Matter is made up of positive and negative charges. Electrons/protons carry the elementary charge 1.6 x 10-19 C • Forces between charges are described by Coulomb’s Law • Forces from multiple charges sum as vectors • Electric field describes the force-field around charges 𝐹 = 𝑘 𝑞1 𝑞2 𝑟2 𝑘 = 9 × 109 𝑁 𝑚2 𝐶−2 𝐸 = 𝐹 𝑞 𝐹 = 𝑞 𝐸