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English is spoken by over 300 million people as a first language and millions more as a second language. It is the official language of over 50 countries, including the United States where American English is commonly used. Learning English requires understanding its irregular spelling rules and vocabulary derived from French, Latin, and Germanic languages. Pronunciation of letters can vary depending on their placement in words, and idioms, prepositions, and contractions add complexity but are important for natural communication.
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Phonetics and phonology
Phonetics is the study of how speech sounds are produced, transmitted, and received. It describes and classifies sounds using phonetic alphabets and symbols like the International Phonetic Alphabet. Phonology studies the speech sounds that make up a particular language. Native speakers learn the phonemes, or smallest units of sound, of their language from an early age without conscious effort. English has some phonemes not found in other languages, so speakers of those other languages may have difficulty producing or perceiving them. The guide gives examples of how Germans can mispronounce some English words due to differences between the phonological systems of German and English.
Pronunciation and syllables
Teaching students to articulate new consonants is only part of the story of clear pronunciation, and may even be unnecessary. Good syllable structure, or phonotactics, is a more effective route to intelligible speech in English.
Usa uk (lientur vallejo)
There are several differences between American English and British English at the phonological, lexical, and orthographic levels. Some key differences include:
- Pronunciation of words with 'r' sounds and vowel sounds differ between the two dialects.
- Spelling of words like 'color' versus 'colour' and 'center' versus 'centre' differ due to Webster's reforms and different spelling tendencies over time.
- Vocabulary varies, with words like 'elevator' versus 'lift', 'pants' versus 'trousers', and 'chips' having different meanings.
- Grammar constructions like 'have got' versus 'have' and some verb forms differ slightly but do not affect mutual intelligibility
English vowel system
Vowels are speech sounds produced without obstruction in the vocal tract. They take on different qualities through subtle changes in the shape of the tongue, lips, and palate. For example, the vowel sound /i:/ as in "bean" is produced with the tongue raised towards the front of the mouth and spread lips, while /u:/ as in "boon" has the back of the tongue raised and lips rounded. Vowels also vary in terms of lip rounding, tongue position, and length.
Received pronunciation
This document discusses pronunciation differences between Pakistani English and British English. It begins by defining language, dialect, and accent. It then explains that pronunciation can be studied at the segmental level of phonemes or vowels/consonants and the supra-segmental level of stress and intonation. Received Pronunciation is introduced as the standard British accent. Common mispronunciations in Pakistani English are identified, such as dropping /r/ sounds and issues with consonant clusters. Finally, some frequently mispronounced words and religious terms are defined.
Accents and Dialects of English Language
difference between different accents and dialects of English language
Unit 3 Phonetics
The document discusses the differences between accents and dialects. Accents are differences in pronunciation only, while dialects also involve differences in vocabulary, grammar and word order. It then focuses on accents and dialects within British English, describing Received Pronunciation (RP) as the standard accent and discussing regional variations and how accents can indicate social class.
Accents and dialects in UK: Ireland
Belfast and Dublin accents differ due to different influences on their development. Belfast speech combines features from northern and southern Ireland and is similar to Scottish accents with post-vocalic /r/ and rising intonation. Dublin speech was not influenced by Scotland and maintains distinctions like /a/ and /ɑ:/ that are not always distinct in other Irish accents. Consonants like /θ/ and /ð/ may be pronounced as stops in Dublin English before /r/ and other consonants.
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Phonetics and phonology
Phonetics is the study of how speech sounds are produced, transmitted, and received. It describes and classifies sounds using phonetic alphabets and symbols like the International Phonetic Alphabet. Phonology studies the speech sounds that make up a particular language. Native speakers learn the phonemes, or smallest units of sound, of their language from an early age without conscious effort. English has some phonemes not found in other languages, so speakers of those other languages may have difficulty producing or perceiving them. The guide gives examples of how Germans can mispronounce some English words due to differences between the phonological systems of German and English.
Pronunciation and syllables
Teaching students to articulate new consonants is only part of the story of clear pronunciation, and may even be unnecessary. Good syllable structure, or phonotactics, is a more effective route to intelligible speech in English.
Usa uk (lientur vallejo)
There are several differences between American English and British English at the phonological, lexical, and orthographic levels. Some key differences include:
- Pronunciation of words with 'r' sounds and vowel sounds differ between the two dialects.
- Spelling of words like 'color' versus 'colour' and 'center' versus 'centre' differ due to Webster's reforms and different spelling tendencies over time.
- Vocabulary varies, with words like 'elevator' versus 'lift', 'pants' versus 'trousers', and 'chips' having different meanings.
- Grammar constructions like 'have got' versus 'have' and some verb forms differ slightly but do not affect mutual intelligibility
English vowel system
Vowels are speech sounds produced without obstruction in the vocal tract. They take on different qualities through subtle changes in the shape of the tongue, lips, and palate. For example, the vowel sound /i:/ as in "bean" is produced with the tongue raised towards the front of the mouth and spread lips, while /u:/ as in "boon" has the back of the tongue raised and lips rounded. Vowels also vary in terms of lip rounding, tongue position, and length.
Received pronunciation
This document discusses pronunciation differences between Pakistani English and British English. It begins by defining language, dialect, and accent. It then explains that pronunciation can be studied at the segmental level of phonemes or vowels/consonants and the supra-segmental level of stress and intonation. Received Pronunciation is introduced as the standard British accent. Common mispronunciations in Pakistani English are identified, such as dropping /r/ sounds and issues with consonant clusters. Finally, some frequently mispronounced words and religious terms are defined.
Accents and Dialects of English Language
difference between different accents and dialects of English language
Unit 3 Phonetics
The document discusses the differences between accents and dialects. Accents are differences in pronunciation only, while dialects also involve differences in vocabulary, grammar and word order. It then focuses on accents and dialects within British English, describing Received Pronunciation (RP) as the standard accent and discussing regional variations and how accents can indicate social class.
Accents and dialects in UK: Ireland
Belfast and Dublin accents differ due to different influences on their development. Belfast speech combines features from northern and southern Ireland and is similar to Scottish accents with post-vocalic /r/ and rising intonation. Dublin speech was not influenced by Scotland and maintains distinctions like /a/ and /ɑ:/ that are not always distinct in other Irish accents. Consonants like /θ/ and /ð/ may be pronounced as stops in Dublin English before /r/ and other consonants.
Which English
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Foro 2 old english
English has evolved significantly from its origins in 450 CE among Germanic language speakers settling in Britain. Over time, English transitioned from a synthetic to a more analytic language due to both internal factors like stress changes and external influences including Latin, French, and other languages entering the vocabulary. Theories of language change point to both internal developmental needs and external influences shaping a language. While English became more analytic, recent contractions show it may follow the linguistic cycle back toward greater synthesis.
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This document provides an overview of the development of the Middle English language from Old English. It discusses some key changes in parts of speech and pronunciation between the two periods, including the loss of inflections and grammatical gender in Middle English. Plural nouns were typically formed by adding -s or -es, and pronouns resembled modern forms. Vowels had sounds similar to Spanish, and French influence increased following Norman conquest in 1066.
Pronounciation problems(final) copy
1) Pronunciation problems arise due to a lack of focus on pronunciation in teaching, influence of mother tongue, and inability to hear certain sounds.
2) In English, there are 44 sounds but only 26 letters, so spellings are not always a reliable guide to pronunciation. Certain letters have multiple sounds and some are sometimes silent.
3) Getting the schwa sound correct is important for accurate pronunciation. The schwa is the most common sound in English and occurs in unstressed syllables.
Schwa
The document discusses the schwa, the most common vowel sound in English. The schwa is a mid-central, neutral vowel sound that occurs in unstressed syllables in words like "the", "go", and "to". The schwa is so prevalent because of its presence in many function words in English and other Germanic languages.
Dialects and Accents
Dialect refers to a variety of a language spoken by a group of people that is characterized by systematic differences in phonological, lexical, and grammatical features from other varieties of the same language. An accent is a variation in pronunciation and is a subset of dialect. The document discusses factors like geographical location, social class, and education that can influence dialect variation. It provides examples of prominent dialects in American English like New England and Southern accents, as well as British English dialects like Received Pronunciation and Cockney. Dialects and accents vary in terms of phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics.
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This document defines accent and dialect, and outlines some of their key features. An accent primarily deals with pronunciation and reflects a speaker's social identity, while a dialect deals with vocabulary and grammar. Accents can be characterized by features like assimilation, reduction, and regional variations. Dialects exhibit lexical, grammatical, pronominal, and verbal variations that depend on social and regional factors. Studies have shown dialects and accents exist along a continuum, with features gradually merging across geographical regions.
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This document discusses various features of dialects and accents in spoken English. It provides examples of differences in pronunciation, meaning, grammar and vocabulary across regional dialects. It also discusses debates around the teaching of standard English in schools, with some arguing it is important to promote equal opportunities, while others believe all English varieties should be valued equally.
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Edited version for hyejeoung kim's part
Students who feel included, safe, and able to collaborate are more willing to speak out and listen to others. Representing different cultures and allowing each student's voice to be heard encourages participation. Pronunciation is an important part of language learning but often overlooked; teachers need training in phonetics and strategies for teaching pronunciation. Approaches like comparing sounds to students' native languages and communicative tasks help students practice problematic sounds. Slang, idioms, and colloquialisms are common in informal English but difficult for ESL students; keeping a vocabulary log can help students understand contexts of use.
Variation in Sound and Pronunciation of English Language
This is a student presentation describing the variation of the sound patterns and pronunciation of English Language. The presentation covers the basics of English sound patterns, and is a good resource for undergrads.
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The document discusses accents and dialects in English. It defines accents as distinctive modes of pronunciation associated with regions or social classes, while dialects refer to variations in grammar and vocabulary particular to groups. The document examines how accents can cause prejudice and are used in comedy. It provides examples of accents from the UK and Ireland and analyzes phonetic spelling, grammar, and vocabulary differences found in the novel Trainspotting written in Scottish dialect.
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The document discusses colloquialisms, idioms, and slang. It notes that while ESL students can master formal English, they often struggle with informal everyday expressions. ESL classes do not adequately prepare students for the slang, idioms, and colloquialisms commonly used in casual conversation. The document provides examples of idioms like "drop the ball" and "get your feet wet" and explains what colloquialisms are. It recommends that students, especially international students, keep a vocabulary log to write down unfamiliar phrases and track how often they are used to better understand different expressions.
Dialects & Accents
Dialects and accents vary systematically between different groups of speakers. Dialects refer to differences in vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation between groups, while accent only refers to pronunciation differences. Dialects and accents vary based on geographical location, social class, educational background and occupation. They can differ phonologically in terms of accent, morphologically in word forms, syntactically in grammar, and semantically in vocabulary. Common dialects of English include various British dialects like Received Pronunciation and Cockney, as well as American dialects like General American, New York City English and Southern American English.
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This document provides background information on Supernanny, Jo Frost, and examines language features in episodes of her television show. It discusses Frost's experience in childcare and her approach, which focuses on consistent adult authority and a safe environment. Students are asked to predict Frost's accent, sociolect and idiolect based on her biography, and to analyze language features and power dynamics in clips from the show.
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Pronunciation is the bridge between you and a native English speaker. It is the first thing that anyone notices about you, when you start to speak. It connects you. Without clear pronunciation, messages can get lost or confused. The listener might even start to feel frustrated because they don't understand what is being said.
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This presentation is the second part of vowel sounds adapted from the book Pronounce it Perfectly in English by Jean Yate (2nd Edition). A description of seven vowel sounds appear here as well as examples.
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Standard English refers to the accepted form of the English language used for official purposes in Anglophone countries. It encompasses grammar, vocabulary, and spelling. In Britain, Standard English is associated with Received Pronunciation and UK Standard English, while in the US it is associated with General American.
There are some differences between British and American English, primarily in pronunciation but also in vocabulary, grammar, and spelling. The differences are not huge, as the languages have remained relatively similar compared to other languages that diverged more after colonial periods.
World Englishes refers to localized varieties of English that have developed in former British colonies and areas influenced by the US. Over time, English varieties have emerged and adapted to local contexts
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The document discusses the principal types and variations of English pronunciation. It notes that there are four components of phonetic structure - phonemic, syllabic, accentual, and intonational - that constitute a language's pronunciation. Accents refer solely to pronunciation differences, whereas dialects involve differences in vocabulary, grammar, and word order as well. There are many accents within England, Britain, and across the other regions of the UK, with Northern and Southern accents being a broad distinction in England. The study of variations in accents was traditionally part of dialectology, which aimed to identify all geographical differences in a language.
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This document discusses different aspects of grammar including:
- Grammar refers to the rules and knowledge that speakers have about their language.
- It covers rules for combining sounds, words, and sentences.
- Descriptive grammar describes how a language is actually used while prescriptive grammar prescribes how a language should be used.
- Communicative competence involves applying grammatical rules appropriately in different social contexts.
Grammar
This document discusses different aspects of grammar including:
- Grammar refers to the rules and knowledge that speakers have about their language.
- It covers rules for combining sounds, words, and sentences.
- Descriptive grammar describes how a language is actually used while prescriptive grammar prescribes how a language should be used.
- Communicative competence involves applying grammatical rules appropriately in different social contexts.
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Share & Like; https://www.facebook.com/EFL.ESL
Join us; https://www.facebook.com/groups/English.Falcons
Follow; https://www.facebook.com/m.yahia16
https://twitter.com/EFL_Instructor
Foro 2 old english
English has evolved significantly from its origins in 450 CE among Germanic language speakers settling in Britain. Over time, English transitioned from a synthetic to a more analytic language due to both internal factors like stress changes and external influences including Latin, French, and other languages entering the vocabulary. Theories of language change point to both internal developmental needs and external influences shaping a language. While English became more analytic, recent contractions show it may follow the linguistic cycle back toward greater synthesis.
spritzer honors 12
This document provides an overview of the development of the Middle English language from Old English. It discusses some key changes in parts of speech and pronunciation between the two periods, including the loss of inflections and grammatical gender in Middle English. Plural nouns were typically formed by adding -s or -es, and pronouns resembled modern forms. Vowels had sounds similar to Spanish, and French influence increased following Norman conquest in 1066.
Pronounciation problems(final) copy
1) Pronunciation problems arise due to a lack of focus on pronunciation in teaching, influence of mother tongue, and inability to hear certain sounds.
2) In English, there are 44 sounds but only 26 letters, so spellings are not always a reliable guide to pronunciation. Certain letters have multiple sounds and some are sometimes silent.
3) Getting the schwa sound correct is important for accurate pronunciation. The schwa is the most common sound in English and occurs in unstressed syllables.
Schwa
The document discusses the schwa, the most common vowel sound in English. The schwa is a mid-central, neutral vowel sound that occurs in unstressed syllables in words like "the", "go", and "to". The schwa is so prevalent because of its presence in many function words in English and other Germanic languages.
Dialects and Accents
Dialect refers to a variety of a language spoken by a group of people that is characterized by systematic differences in phonological, lexical, and grammatical features from other varieties of the same language. An accent is a variation in pronunciation and is a subset of dialect. The document discusses factors like geographical location, social class, and education that can influence dialect variation. It provides examples of prominent dialects in American English like New England and Southern accents, as well as British English dialects like Received Pronunciation and Cockney. Dialects and accents vary in terms of phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics.
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This document defines accent and dialect, and outlines some of their key features. An accent primarily deals with pronunciation and reflects a speaker's social identity, while a dialect deals with vocabulary and grammar. Accents can be characterized by features like assimilation, reduction, and regional variations. Dialects exhibit lexical, grammatical, pronominal, and verbal variations that depend on social and regional factors. Studies have shown dialects and accents exist along a continuum, with features gradually merging across geographical regions.
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This document discusses various features of dialects and accents in spoken English. It provides examples of differences in pronunciation, meaning, grammar and vocabulary across regional dialects. It also discusses debates around the teaching of standard English in schools, with some arguing it is important to promote equal opportunities, while others believe all English varieties should be valued equally.
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Edited version for hyejeoung kim's part
Students who feel included, safe, and able to collaborate are more willing to speak out and listen to others. Representing different cultures and allowing each student's voice to be heard encourages participation. Pronunciation is an important part of language learning but often overlooked; teachers need training in phonetics and strategies for teaching pronunciation. Approaches like comparing sounds to students' native languages and communicative tasks help students practice problematic sounds. Slang, idioms, and colloquialisms are common in informal English but difficult for ESL students; keeping a vocabulary log can help students understand contexts of use.
Variation in Sound and Pronunciation of English Language
This is a student presentation describing the variation of the sound patterns and pronunciation of English Language. The presentation covers the basics of English sound patterns, and is a good resource for undergrads.
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The document discusses accents and dialects in English. It defines accents as distinctive modes of pronunciation associated with regions or social classes, while dialects refer to variations in grammar and vocabulary particular to groups. The document examines how accents can cause prejudice and are used in comedy. It provides examples of accents from the UK and Ireland and analyzes phonetic spelling, grammar, and vocabulary differences found in the novel Trainspotting written in Scottish dialect.
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The document discusses colloquialisms, idioms, and slang. It notes that while ESL students can master formal English, they often struggle with informal everyday expressions. ESL classes do not adequately prepare students for the slang, idioms, and colloquialisms commonly used in casual conversation. The document provides examples of idioms like "drop the ball" and "get your feet wet" and explains what colloquialisms are. It recommends that students, especially international students, keep a vocabulary log to write down unfamiliar phrases and track how often they are used to better understand different expressions.
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Spoken language study 9 2014
This document provides background information on Supernanny, Jo Frost, and examines language features in episodes of her television show. It discusses Frost's experience in childcare and her approach, which focuses on consistent adult authority and a safe environment. Students are asked to predict Frost's accent, sociolect and idiolect based on her biography, and to analyze language features and power dynamics in clips from the show.
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Pronunciation is the bridge between you and a native English speaker. It is the first thing that anyone notices about you, when you start to speak. It connects you. Without clear pronunciation, messages can get lost or confused. The listener might even start to feel frustrated because they don't understand what is being said.
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There are some differences between British and American English, primarily in pronunciation but also in vocabulary, grammar, and spelling. The differences are not huge, as the languages have remained relatively similar compared to other languages that diverged more after colonial periods.
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- Grammar refers to the rules and knowledge that speakers have about their language.
- It covers rules for combining sounds, words, and sentences.
- Descriptive grammar describes how a language is actually used while prescriptive grammar prescribes how a language should be used.
- Communicative competence involves applying grammatical rules appropriately in different social contexts.
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This document discusses different aspects of grammar including:
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- It covers rules for combining sounds, words, and sentences.
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Answers are given for all the puzzles and problems.)
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Bro. Oh Teik Bin 🙏🤓🤔🥰
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-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
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