Egypt the gift of the nile (social studies)
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The document provides a timeline and overview of ancient Egyptian history and culture. It details how Egypt was unified around 3400 BC and the Old Kingdom began around 3100 BC, during which time the pharaohs ruled as gods and had the pyramids built as their tombs. The Middle Kingdom started around 2040 BC with a new capital and canal construction, until the Hyksos invasion in 1630 BC. The powerful New Kingdom began around 1600 BC under strong pharaohs like Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, and Ikhnaton, who changed the state religion. Egyptian achievements included papyrus paper, early medicine, and gifts in art, math, and science.
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Ancient Egypt was located along the fertile Nile River valley. The predictable flooding of the Nile provided rich silt that made the land ideal for agriculture. Farming was based around the seasonal flooding of the Nile. Egypt was united under a dynastic system in which power was passed down families. Major construction projects like the pyramids were built during stable periods like the Old Kingdom. The Middle Kingdom saw Egypt become a world trade power. The New Kingdom expanded Egypt's borders through military campaigns.
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Ancient Egypt was located along the fertile Nile River valley. The predictable flooding of the Nile provided rich silt that made the land ideal for agriculture. Farming was based around the seasonal flooding of the Nile. Egypt was united under a dynastic system in which power was passed down families. Major construction projects like the pyramids were built during stable periods like the Old Kingdom. The Middle Kingdom saw Egypt become a world trade power. The New Kingdom expanded Egypt's borders through military campaigns.
Ancient egypt and kush review
The document provides information about various aspects of ancient Egyptian civilization. It discusses the geography of Egypt and the Nile River's importance. It outlines Egyptian agriculture, homes, social classes, writing system, medicine, religion, and the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. It also briefly describes the Kush civilization that arose in Nubia.
Ancient River Civilizations
The document summarizes four ancient river valley civilizations:
1) Mesopotamian civilization along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, and Babylonians.
2) Egyptian civilization along the Nile river, known for pharaohs, pyramids, and hieroglyphic writing.
3) Harappan civilization in the Indus river valley, known for urban planning and undeciphered writing.
4) Yellow River (Chinese) civilization, including the Shang dynasty known for bronze casting, and later Zhou dynasty known for iron production and silk trade.
Egypt
Ancient Egypt was one of the earliest and most advanced civilizations, located along the Nile River in northeast Africa. It was divided into Upper and Lower Egypt, and was ruled by powerful pharaohs who were believed to be gods. The Egyptians built massive pyramids and developed hieroglyphics, mummification practices, and other cultural achievements that still fascinate modern audiences. When the biblical figure Moses demanded the pharaoh release the Israelites, a series of plagues were inflicted upon Egypt until the ruler complied.
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Ancient Egypt was one of the earliest and most advanced civilizations, located along the Nile River in northeast Africa. It was divided into Upper and Lower Egypt, and was ruled by powerful pharaohs who were believed to be gods. The Egyptians built massive pyramids and developed hieroglyphics, mummification practices, and other cultural achievements that still fascinate modern audiences. When the biblical figure Moses demanded the pharaoh release the Israelites, a series of plagues were inflicted on Egypt as divine punishment for refusing this command.
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Egypt the gift of the nile (social studies)
- 1. Chapter 5 egypt – the gift of the Nile 8th grade SoCial StudieS
- 2. Egyptian Timeline • 3400 B.C. Upper Egypt is Unified • 3100 B.C. Old Kingdom begins with the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt • 3000 B.C. Egyptians make paper from papyrus, a reed found in the Nile River • 2686 B.C. The Great Pyramids are built • 2040 B.C. The Middle Kingdom begins • 1630 B.C. The Hyksos invade Egypt • 1600 B.C. The New Kingdom begins • 1372 B.C. Ikhnaton becomes pharaoh
- 3. The Nile River • 4000 miles long • It forms a delta as it reaches the Mediterranean Sea • It floods every spring due to the rain and run-off from the mountains, leaving very fertile soil • A “highway” for trade
- 4. TheTwo Most Important Egyptian GODS • Ra – the god of the sun • Hapi – the god of the river • The sun rising in the East was a symbol of birth and the sun setting in the West was a symbol of death
- 5. The Old Kingdom 3100 B.C to 2186 B.C. • Upper Egypt (South) and Lower Egypt (North) were united by Menes, who built his capital at Memphis • Cities became centers of business used by caravans for trade • Most people were farmers, others were traders • Houses were made from mud-bricks in small villages on high land
- 6. Pharaohs and Pyramids • Egyptian rulers were called pharaohs, they were both kings and priests, the people thought they were gods • In the Old Kingdom, the pharaohs owned all the land and water, and the people thought he had control over the rise and fall of the Nile River • The pyramids were built as tombs for the pharaohs, because it was believed that they continued to live after they died • They were built of stone blocks weighing 5000 pounds each • Building took years, but they built about 75 pyramids that are still standing
- 7. The Afterlife • The Egyptians believed that life stayed the same after death • They filled the tombs with treasure, food, clothing, jewelry, furniture, and art so they would have it with them • They painted pictures of friends and servants on the walls, it was thought they would come to life magically • Pharaohs were buried deep inside, and the room was sealed to protect them
- 8. The Middle Kingdom 2040 B.C. • Capital city was located in Thebes • Traders continued to business with faraway places, to help with this a canal was dug to join the Nile River to the Red Sea • Learned about medicine and mathematics • In 1630 B.C. the Hyksos from Asia invaded Egypt, and began to rule the land
- 9. Old Kingdom vs. Middle Kingdom • OLD KINGDOM • Thought the pharaohs were gods with complete control • Thought only the pharaoh would live forever • Pharaohs were buried in pyramids • NEW KINGDOM • Thought the pharaohs shared their powers with other officials • Thought all people would live forever • They mummified all people and buried them in tombs in the cliffs
- 10. The New KiNgdom 1600 B.C. • STroNg pharaohS ruled, wiTh CoNTrol of The people of egypT • STroNg army • egypTiaN iNflueNCe Spread dowN iNTo afriCa • SChoolS were BuilT • religioN ChaNged • moNey waS SpeNT To Build TempleS, palaCeS, aNd STaTueS iN The CapiTal CiTy of TheBeS
- 11. Hatshepsut • The first woman pharaoh • Responsible for increasing trade and spreading the Egyptian influence • Built a beautiful temple at Thebes
- 12. Thutmose III • Became pharaoh after Hatshepsut died • Organized a navy, won victories all over Asia • Became wealthy from taxes paid by those conquered
- 13. Ikhnaton • Became pharaoh in 1372 B.C. • Believed the sun god, Aton, was the only god • Took power away from the priests and built new temples • His wife, Nefertiti, and Ikhnaton gave gifts to Aton so his rays of sun would shine
- 14. Gifts from the Egyptians Made paper from papyrus Learned how to set broken bones, how to check for a heartbeat, and to deal with fevers Beautiful jewelry, pottery, furniture, and artwork System of counting based on ten System of measurement Geometry