James Madison was an American statesman, diplomat and political theorist who served as the fourth President of the United States from 1809 to 1817. He played a pivotal role in drafting and promoting the United States Constitution and Bill of Rights. Madison grew up in Virginia and received his education at the College of New Jersey. He made significant contributions to the Constitutional Convention as a delegate from Virginia, proposing the Virginia Plan and keeping a journal of the proceedings. As President, Madison declared war on Britain in 1812 and led the nation during the War of 1812.