History (Social Studies)

2. Map of AntarcticaMap of Antarctica

3. DiscoveryDiscovery
 1773 - Captain Cook - his wooden ship could not1773 - Captain Cook - his wooden ship could not
penetrate the ice ring.penetrate the ice ring.
 1822 - James Weddell (Sealing)1822 - James Weddell (Sealing)
 1830 - Whalers came1830 - Whalers came
 1911 - Roald Amundsen reaches South Pole1911 - Roald Amundsen reaches South Pole
 1915 - Shackleton stuck in ice1915 - Shackleton stuck in ice
 1959 – Antarctic Treaty1959 – Antarctic Treaty

5. Amundsen’s Discovery ofAmundsen’s Discovery of
South PoleSouth Pole

6. Roald AmundsenRoald Amundsen
 Race with ScottRace with Scott
 Dogs instead of horsesDogs instead of horses
and motorized sledsand motorized sleds
 Ate dogs as supplyAte dogs as supply
sleds didn’t need themsleds didn’t need them
 Reached Pole onReached Pole on
December 16, 1911December 16, 1911
 Placed the flag ofPlaced the flag of
NorwayNorway

7. Robert ScottRobert Scott
Entire expedition dies.Entire expedition dies.
 Race with AmundsenRace with Amundsen
 Took Siberian horsesTook Siberian horses
 Motorized sledsMotorized sleds
quickly broke downquickly broke down
 Refused to eat dogsRefused to eat dogs
 Horses diedHorses died
 Men had to pullMen had to pull
 Pole January 17, 1912Pole January 17, 1912
 All men died on returnAll men died on return

8. Sir Ernest ShackletonSir Ernest Shackleton
Stuck in Ice – Lost ShipStuck in Ice – Lost Ship

9. PlantsPlants
 2 Flowering Plants2 Flowering Plants
 PearlwortPearlwort
 GrassGrass
 Only on AntarcticOnly on Antarctic
PeninsulaPeninsula
 There are alsoThere are also
bacteria, molds, yeast,bacteria, molds, yeast,
algae and fungialgae and fungi

10. Antarctic BirdsAntarctic Birds
 Snow PetrelsSnow Petrels
 TernsTerns
 FulmarsFulmars
 Cape PigeonsCape Pigeons
 SkuasSkuas
 TernsTerns
 PenguinsPenguins

11. Snow PetrelSnow Petrel
 Small as a robinSmall as a robin
 Dart over ocean likeDart over ocean like
large mosquitoeslarge mosquitoes

12. SkuaSkua
 Has hooked billHas hooked bill
 Has sharp clawsHas sharp claws
 Feeds only ashoreFeeds only ashore
 Eats penguin eggsEats penguin eggs
 Eats weak penguinEats weak penguin
chickschicks

13. AlbatrossAlbatross
 These birds roam theThese birds roam the
oceans at the bottomoceans at the bottom
of the world.of the world.

14. PenguinsPenguins
 18 species of penguins18 species of penguins
 4 live in Antarctica4 live in Antarctica
 EmperorEmperor
 AdelieAdelie
 Southern GentoosSouthern Gentoos
 ChinstrapChinstrap

15. EmperorEmperor
 Largest of all penguinsLargest of all penguins
 Hatch eggs duringHatch eggs during
coldest winter monthscoldest winter months
 Female lays egg inFemale lays egg in
MayMay
 Male hatches egg for 2Male hatches egg for 2
months and loses 40%months and loses 40%
of body weightof body weight
 Female takes overFemale takes over

16. AdelieAdelie
 Most numerousMost numerous
 Named after CaptainNamed after Captain
d’Urville’s wifed’Urville’s wife
 Very smallVery small

17. Southern GentoosSouthern Gentoos
 Live on peninsulaLive on peninsula
 2-1/2 feet tall2-1/2 feet tall
 Gentle and timidGentle and timid
 White connectedWhite connected
patches above eyespatches above eyes

18. ChinstrapChinstrap
 Black marking underBlack marking under
chin from ear to earchin from ear to ear

19. WhalesWhales
 BaleenBaleen
 ToothedToothed

20. Blue Whales - BaleenBlue Whales - Baleen
 Baleen whale – strainBaleen whale – strain
food, mostly krillfood, mostly krill
 Largest animal in theLargest animal in the
worldworld
 200,00 pounds - More200,00 pounds - More
than 5,700 mid-sizedthan 5,700 mid-sized
cars!cars!
 100 feet long100 feet long

21. Humpback - BaleenHumpback - Baleen
 Filters foodFilters food
 Eats mainly krillEats mainly krill
 Is less streamlinedIs less streamlined
 Has long flippersHas long flippers

22. Sperm Whale - ToothedSperm Whale - Toothed
 Uses echo sounding toUses echo sounding to
find preyfind prey
 Can dive 3,000 feetCan dive 3,000 feet
 Only males migrate toOnly males migrate to
AntarcticaAntarctica

23. Orcas – Toothed WhalesOrcas – Toothed Whales
 Resembles a dolphinResembles a dolphin
 Largest carnivoreLargest carnivore
 Eats seals andEats seals and
penguinspenguins
 Hunt in packsHunt in packs
 Will even bumpWill even bump
icebergs to knock officebergs to knock off
penguinspenguins

24. SealsSeals
 CrabeatersCrabeaters
 LeopardLeopard
 RossRoss
 WeddellWeddell
 Southern ElephantSouthern Elephant

25. SealsSeals
 Live in groups calledLive in groups called
podspods
 Six species live inSix species live in
AntarcticaAntarctica

26. Elephant – Crabeater - LeopardElephant – Crabeater - Leopard
 Elephant – largestElephant – largest
 CrabeatersCrabeaters
 LeopardLeopard

27. Southern Elephant SealsSouthern Elephant Seals
 Weigh up to 8,000 lbs.Weigh up to 8,000 lbs.
 Largest of the world’sLargest of the world’s
sealsseals

28. Southern Fur SealsSouthern Fur Seals
 Were nearly wiped outWere nearly wiped out
by seal hunters in theby seal hunters in the
nineteenth centurynineteenth century
 Live in groups - podsLive in groups - pods
 Have paddle likeHave paddle like
flippers or finsflippers or fins
 Have a thick layer ofHave a thick layer of
blubberblubber

29. Southern Fur SealSouthern Fur Seal