This article provides an overview of eGovernment and its role in revolutionising existing governmental systems. It argues that in order for eGovernment initiatives to truly succeed, we need to develop public trust and confidence to promote diffusion and participation. The article relates this to the recently announced UAE eGovernment Strategic Framework 2011-2013. The framework attempts to promote the electronic transformation of all government services within a period of three years. An important component of the strategic framework in question is the use of the existing national identity management infrastructure and the development of a government-owned federated identity management system to support Government-to-Citizen (G2C) eGovernment transactions and promote trust and confidence on the Internet.
The Impact of Data Sovereignty on Cloud Computing in Asia 2013 by the Asia Cl...accacloud
The Impact of Data Sovereignty on Cloud Computing offers detailed information describing the implications of data sovereignty law and policy on the adoption of cloud computing-based infrastructures and services in Asia. By describing and analyzing data sovereignty regulations in 14 countries in this study, the Association identifies potential bottlenecks that could slow adoption and threaten Asia’s digital future.
The study serves to identify the gaps between an “ideal state” and the actual realities in Asian countries around policy, legal and commercial cloud drivers to provide a tool for businesses organizations, cloud service providers and policy makers to look at cloud in a more holistic manner.
This report provides substantive detailed analysis for each of the 14 countries, including 4-5 page detailed insights into the regulatory environment for data sovereignty in each country and recommendations for each country to bring attention to the highest priority issues that if addressed will bring the country closer to the “ideal state.”
For more information, visit http://www.asiacloudcomputing.org
Unlocking Pakistan's digital potential: The economic opportunities of digital...FairTechInstitute
There is a significant economic prize attached to accelerating Pakistan’s digital transformation. AlphaBeta’s study (commissioned by Google) finds that digital technologies can unlock PKR9.7 trillion (USD 59.7 billion) worth of annual economic value in Pakistan by 2030.
Key messages from the research include: there is a significant economic prize attached to accelerating Pakistan’s digital transformation; there are three areas of action required for Pakistan to fully capture its digital opportunity; and through its programmes and products, Google is making contributions to Pakistan’s digital transformation journey and supports benefits to businesses, consumers, and the broader society.
Crafting a Comprehensive Digital Government StrategyGovLoop
With public sector resources dwindling and demand increasing from citizens, government has little choice but to innovate and reform service delivery. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, this report will provide a snapshot of what a digital government truly is and the path agencies can take to craft a comprehensive digital strategy.
ICT Transformation in KSA presented by Mr. Imran Ashraf (Director Cloud & Advance Services, Mobily) at the Mobily-IBM Security & Resiliency Conference 2014
Transforming Hong Kong into a smart city: The economic opportunity of digital...FairTechInstitute
This study, conducted by AlphaBeta and commissioned by Google, examines the economic significance of digital technologies and skills in Hong Kong. This study finds that, if leveraged fully, digital technologies could create an annual economic value of HKD387 billion (USD 50 billion) by 2030. In addition, if it were to accelerate the pace of its digital skilling efforts over the next decade, workers with digital skills can contribute up to a fifth (21 percent) of Hong Kong’s gross domestic product (GDP) in 2030.
Intermodal Transport Data Sharing Programme (Sep 2021)FairTechInstitute
This was a year-long project conducted in Hong Kong to support evidence-based policymaking, supporting good data governance, green smart cities, and strong data security and protection. The project developed a Proof-of-Concept to demonstrate a trusted data sharing mechanism - Data Trust 1.0 - could be implemented to allow transport operators and service providers to share limited amounts of data for the purposes of limited-scope, mode-specific research e.g. research which asks "how many people cycle to work between 8-9am?"
While this research was conducted for transport operators, the Data Trust 1.0 model is applicable across all sectors. Funding was provided by the Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission, and supported generously by sponsors Daimler, MTR, Thales, and Via.
The Impact of Data Sovereignty on Cloud Computing in Asia 2013 by the Asia Cl...accacloud
The Impact of Data Sovereignty on Cloud Computing offers detailed information describing the implications of data sovereignty law and policy on the adoption of cloud computing-based infrastructures and services in Asia. By describing and analyzing data sovereignty regulations in 14 countries in this study, the Association identifies potential bottlenecks that could slow adoption and threaten Asia’s digital future.
The study serves to identify the gaps between an “ideal state” and the actual realities in Asian countries around policy, legal and commercial cloud drivers to provide a tool for businesses organizations, cloud service providers and policy makers to look at cloud in a more holistic manner.
This report provides substantive detailed analysis for each of the 14 countries, including 4-5 page detailed insights into the regulatory environment for data sovereignty in each country and recommendations for each country to bring attention to the highest priority issues that if addressed will bring the country closer to the “ideal state.”
For more information, visit http://www.asiacloudcomputing.org
Unlocking Pakistan's digital potential: The economic opportunities of digital...FairTechInstitute
There is a significant economic prize attached to accelerating Pakistan’s digital transformation. AlphaBeta’s study (commissioned by Google) finds that digital technologies can unlock PKR9.7 trillion (USD 59.7 billion) worth of annual economic value in Pakistan by 2030.
Key messages from the research include: there is a significant economic prize attached to accelerating Pakistan’s digital transformation; there are three areas of action required for Pakistan to fully capture its digital opportunity; and through its programmes and products, Google is making contributions to Pakistan’s digital transformation journey and supports benefits to businesses, consumers, and the broader society.
Crafting a Comprehensive Digital Government StrategyGovLoop
With public sector resources dwindling and demand increasing from citizens, government has little choice but to innovate and reform service delivery. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, this report will provide a snapshot of what a digital government truly is and the path agencies can take to craft a comprehensive digital strategy.
ICT Transformation in KSA presented by Mr. Imran Ashraf (Director Cloud & Advance Services, Mobily) at the Mobily-IBM Security & Resiliency Conference 2014
Transforming Hong Kong into a smart city: The economic opportunity of digital...FairTechInstitute
This study, conducted by AlphaBeta and commissioned by Google, examines the economic significance of digital technologies and skills in Hong Kong. This study finds that, if leveraged fully, digital technologies could create an annual economic value of HKD387 billion (USD 50 billion) by 2030. In addition, if it were to accelerate the pace of its digital skilling efforts over the next decade, workers with digital skills can contribute up to a fifth (21 percent) of Hong Kong’s gross domestic product (GDP) in 2030.
Intermodal Transport Data Sharing Programme (Sep 2021)FairTechInstitute
This was a year-long project conducted in Hong Kong to support evidence-based policymaking, supporting good data governance, green smart cities, and strong data security and protection. The project developed a Proof-of-Concept to demonstrate a trusted data sharing mechanism - Data Trust 1.0 - could be implemented to allow transport operators and service providers to share limited amounts of data for the purposes of limited-scope, mode-specific research e.g. research which asks "how many people cycle to work between 8-9am?"
While this research was conducted for transport operators, the Data Trust 1.0 model is applicable across all sectors. Funding was provided by the Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission, and supported generously by sponsors Daimler, MTR, Thales, and Via.
Cloud Readiness Index 2012 by the Asia Cloud Computing Associationaccacloud
The Cloud Readiness Index 2012 is the second iteration of this index. The CRI was designed to track the development of the necessary infrastructure and enabling environment
for cloud computing across leading Asian economies. By mapping the conditions required for successful implementation, the Asia Cloud Computing Association (ACCA) aims to identify potential bottlenecks that could slow adoption and limit the ability of Asian economies to take advantage of the cloud computing future. The Index also serves to help identify critical gaps to be addressed in the form of policy, legal and commercial cloud drivers.
For more information, visit us at http://www.asiacloudcomputing.org
Hi,
e again Abdul Hadi Anwar, This is my Bachelor level presentation on STC, I hope you like it, for more information please ,
G mail: abdulhadianwar9998@gmail.com
SMEs in Asia Pacific: The Market for Cloud Computing - Case Studies of 14 mar...accacloud
Small and medium-sized enterprises represent well over 90% of all businesses in Asia, and across the 14 markets under review they employ some 1.02 billion people and contribute around $10.9 trillion directly into the economies in which are based (49.1% of total GDP for the region.) They also spend significantly as a group on ICT.
Cloud computing – and cloud computing technology – has the potential to be the ‘great leveller’ for both SMEs and developing economies. This is because cloud offers the prospect of both the access to enterprise grade tools on a pay-per-use basis making them immediately accessible and affordable, and the ability to scale up and down such access as required (elasticity of use). In other words, upfront capex requirements go down substantially.
What are their challenges to using cloud? How can this technology be made more available to SMEs, so that they can harness its power for digital transformation? This report reviews 14 markets' SME industry, and establishes market size, characteristics, and identifies industries most likely to undergo digital transformation.
For more information, visit http://www.asiacloudcomputing.org
The report reflects on the role of broadband connectivity and the multiplier effect it has on the larger ecosystem. India is ripe for a Digital rethink, with both government and industry aligning their efforts toward a broadband powered Digital India. Broadband has the power to enable the gigabit society that is always connected. Broadband connectivity has changed the way people
communicate, socialise, create, sell, shop and work. India’s digital consumption patterns highlights the evolution. On an average Indians spend 200 minutes on mobile every day, with the second highest app downloads globally. Almost 79% of the web traffic in India is on mobile.
To realise the Digital India dream, there is a need to strengthen the broadband backbone, which forms a key pillar of this transformation. This report highlights the need for future ready and robust broadband infrastructure and the requisite efforts for expediting its reach.
2018 Cross-Border Data Flows: A Review of the Regulatory Enablers, Blockers, ...accacloud
Access to data represents a huge potential in terms of potential economic growth and social enablement opportunities. It is not surprising then, that many governments are setting forth ‘digital economy’ agendas, including policy and regulatory frameworks, to ensure they maximize participation and opportunity. However, such a cross-cutting agenda is not without its challenges. Regulations put in place to enable or protect one part of the economy can damage growth in neighboring sectors or industries, often unintentionally. This research report takes an investigative look at the way five Asian economies—India, Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, and Vietnam—are aggressively transitioning to more digitally enabled economies.
For more information, visit http://www.asiacloudcomputing.org
Piloting The Cloud: Acting on OMB's Mandate - RightNow TechnologiesNitin Badjatia
The Federal Government is in the process of modernizing technologies across all agencies. As part of a new mandate issued by the OMB [2009], a major emphasis is being placed on cloud computing technology. This presentation was made to cabinet level agencies across the civilian sector of the Federal Government. The primary goal was to educate department, program and agency leaders on the basics of cloud computing and present some examples of success stories with RightNow's cloud computing based customer experience management products.
Convergence Analysis of Regional Logistics Efficiency in Chinaijtsrd
This paper uses the data envelopment analysis DEA method to measure the logistics efficiency of Chinas different regions from 2011 to 2018, and on this basis, tests the s convergence and ß convergence. The results show that there is no absolute convergence trend in the whole country and the eastern region, but there is absolute convergence in the central and western regions. After adding human capital, government intervention, opening up, industrial structure as the control variables, there are obvious signs of conditional convergence in the countrys overall logistics efficiency. The improvement of human capital and the reduction of government intervention play the most significant role in promoting the convergence of logistics efficiency. This shows that if appropriate policies are adopted the Central and Western regions can narrow the logistics efficiency gap with the Eastern regions. Owusu Esther Agyeiwaa | Gang Tian "Convergence Analysis of Regional Logistics Efficiency in China" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38385.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/38385/convergence-analysis-of-regional-logistics-efficiency-in-china/owusu-esther-agyeiwaa
The global energy management system market is projected to reach $1.70 billion in 2012. By 2020, the global market is projected to reach $9.98 billion. The market is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 25%.Currently, EMS offerings are focused on energy optimization based on company-specified goals and preferences. However, in the future, EMS will also integrate operations optimization, and will automatically adjust settings for the highest levels of performance, in addition to providing energy savings. This report has been developed by Zpryme’s Smart Grid Insights Research Team and Zpryme’s Smart Grid Advisory Board.
This presentation highlights the main challenges and opportunities related to Smart City, a helpful guide for Companies and Institutions to move forward on this topic.
Talent Augmentation: Through Intelligent Process Automation, Smart Robots Ext...Cognizant
Process automation is moving from the factory floor to the world of knowledge work. But robots can't do it alone. Companies that calibrate smart people with smart machines are already achieving higher productivity and superior business results.
Big Oppportunities, Clouded Possibilities for IT Services SectorPeopleWorks IN
With global IT spending projected to grow by 3.9 per cent, the IT services segment is all set to surpass its contribution to Industry revenue. Right Talent will be the ultimate source of comfort for firms like yours to support in your growth and business aspirations. PeopleWorks team pooled in resources to understand the challenges faced and the role of HR in IT Services Sector. The same has been documented and attached for your perusal.
Building Technology Organizations of TomorrowZinnov
Legacy organizations are being disrupted and are failing to keep pace with the hyper-volatile business landscape. Top performers of the past have failed to maintain their growth trajectory.Every industry is facing digital disruption and organisations are in a race to be the digital leaders. Zinnov Management Consulting recommends leveraging 5 Key verticals to transform into organizations of tomorrow.
This article provides an overview of current international e-Government practices and the role of the national identity management infrastructure program in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in supporting e-Government development. It describes the benefits of e-Government that various governments worldwide have identified, sheds light on some recent surveys on the delivery of e-Government by some countries, highlights some examples and puts the position of the United Arab Emirates into context. It then discusses the program's use of Identity Management in the strategic initiatives, explains their purpose in the facilitation of e-Government within the United Arab Emirates and describes a general roadmap for implementation.
جاءت فكرة هذا الكتاب من واقع تجربة هيئة الإمارات للهوية بالتعلم المؤسسي التي تبنت هذا العلم الإداري التطبيقي، وارتأت أهمية التعريف به ونشره لتوسيع دائرة الاستفادة منه على المستوى المحلي بدولة الإمارات، وعلى مستوى الوطن العربي.
تم تخطيط فصول هذا الكتاب ليقدم صورة علمية لنظريات الإدارة العالمية مع التركيز على أطروحات علماء الإدارة التي درست بعمق بنيان المؤسسة ثقافيا واجتماعيا ونفسيا وإداريا، والنظر لها كعقل متجمع ومتوجه يحرك المؤسسة لاتجاهاتها المختلفة، وباعتبار أن المؤسسة هي كائن عاقل يمكن التفاهم معها والاستفادة من خصائصها وتطويعها للوصول لإتقان التعلم المؤسسي وتصنيع معارف جديدة وتطبيقها داخليا بشكل واسع.
ويتناول الباب الثاني من الكتاب تجربة هيئة الإمارات للهوية في مجال التعلم المؤسسي، والمبادرات التطبيقية التي استفادت منها الهيئة في تجربتها الناجحة في تنفيذ خططها الاستراتيجية، وكان الهدف من عرض تلك التطبيقات هو تقديم صورة شفافة للقارئ العربي لينتقل بخياله من الواقع النظري للواقع التطبيقي داخل الهيئة، وجاء الهدف الثاني لبيان أن الحلول التي تنتهجها أي مؤسسة لتعزيز قدراتها على التعلم ستأتي من داخل المؤسسة نفسها، ومن الأفكار والإبداعات الداخلية وأنه يممكن لأية مؤسسة جادة أن تطور ذاتيا طرقا خاصة تبرز وتظهر بها تعلمها وتمكنها الذاتي لإدارة التغيير بطريقتها وفقا لفهمها الذاتي لمنظومتها الفكرية العامة التي تشكل أداء وقدرات هذه المؤسسة.
ثم يختم الكتاب بتوصيات، هي مفاتيح لأبحاث جديدة في ميدان التعلم المؤسسي ليسهل للقارئ العادي والمتخصص على السواء فهم وضبط إيقاع حركة وسرعة وجودة عملية التعلم المؤسسي.
Cloud Readiness Index 2012 by the Asia Cloud Computing Associationaccacloud
The Cloud Readiness Index 2012 is the second iteration of this index. The CRI was designed to track the development of the necessary infrastructure and enabling environment
for cloud computing across leading Asian economies. By mapping the conditions required for successful implementation, the Asia Cloud Computing Association (ACCA) aims to identify potential bottlenecks that could slow adoption and limit the ability of Asian economies to take advantage of the cloud computing future. The Index also serves to help identify critical gaps to be addressed in the form of policy, legal and commercial cloud drivers.
For more information, visit us at http://www.asiacloudcomputing.org
Hi,
e again Abdul Hadi Anwar, This is my Bachelor level presentation on STC, I hope you like it, for more information please ,
G mail: abdulhadianwar9998@gmail.com
SMEs in Asia Pacific: The Market for Cloud Computing - Case Studies of 14 mar...accacloud
Small and medium-sized enterprises represent well over 90% of all businesses in Asia, and across the 14 markets under review they employ some 1.02 billion people and contribute around $10.9 trillion directly into the economies in which are based (49.1% of total GDP for the region.) They also spend significantly as a group on ICT.
Cloud computing – and cloud computing technology – has the potential to be the ‘great leveller’ for both SMEs and developing economies. This is because cloud offers the prospect of both the access to enterprise grade tools on a pay-per-use basis making them immediately accessible and affordable, and the ability to scale up and down such access as required (elasticity of use). In other words, upfront capex requirements go down substantially.
What are their challenges to using cloud? How can this technology be made more available to SMEs, so that they can harness its power for digital transformation? This report reviews 14 markets' SME industry, and establishes market size, characteristics, and identifies industries most likely to undergo digital transformation.
For more information, visit http://www.asiacloudcomputing.org
The report reflects on the role of broadband connectivity and the multiplier effect it has on the larger ecosystem. India is ripe for a Digital rethink, with both government and industry aligning their efforts toward a broadband powered Digital India. Broadband has the power to enable the gigabit society that is always connected. Broadband connectivity has changed the way people
communicate, socialise, create, sell, shop and work. India’s digital consumption patterns highlights the evolution. On an average Indians spend 200 minutes on mobile every day, with the second highest app downloads globally. Almost 79% of the web traffic in India is on mobile.
To realise the Digital India dream, there is a need to strengthen the broadband backbone, which forms a key pillar of this transformation. This report highlights the need for future ready and robust broadband infrastructure and the requisite efforts for expediting its reach.
2018 Cross-Border Data Flows: A Review of the Regulatory Enablers, Blockers, ...accacloud
Access to data represents a huge potential in terms of potential economic growth and social enablement opportunities. It is not surprising then, that many governments are setting forth ‘digital economy’ agendas, including policy and regulatory frameworks, to ensure they maximize participation and opportunity. However, such a cross-cutting agenda is not without its challenges. Regulations put in place to enable or protect one part of the economy can damage growth in neighboring sectors or industries, often unintentionally. This research report takes an investigative look at the way five Asian economies—India, Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, and Vietnam—are aggressively transitioning to more digitally enabled economies.
For more information, visit http://www.asiacloudcomputing.org
Piloting The Cloud: Acting on OMB's Mandate - RightNow TechnologiesNitin Badjatia
The Federal Government is in the process of modernizing technologies across all agencies. As part of a new mandate issued by the OMB [2009], a major emphasis is being placed on cloud computing technology. This presentation was made to cabinet level agencies across the civilian sector of the Federal Government. The primary goal was to educate department, program and agency leaders on the basics of cloud computing and present some examples of success stories with RightNow's cloud computing based customer experience management products.
Convergence Analysis of Regional Logistics Efficiency in Chinaijtsrd
This paper uses the data envelopment analysis DEA method to measure the logistics efficiency of Chinas different regions from 2011 to 2018, and on this basis, tests the s convergence and ß convergence. The results show that there is no absolute convergence trend in the whole country and the eastern region, but there is absolute convergence in the central and western regions. After adding human capital, government intervention, opening up, industrial structure as the control variables, there are obvious signs of conditional convergence in the countrys overall logistics efficiency. The improvement of human capital and the reduction of government intervention play the most significant role in promoting the convergence of logistics efficiency. This shows that if appropriate policies are adopted the Central and Western regions can narrow the logistics efficiency gap with the Eastern regions. Owusu Esther Agyeiwaa | Gang Tian "Convergence Analysis of Regional Logistics Efficiency in China" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38385.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/38385/convergence-analysis-of-regional-logistics-efficiency-in-china/owusu-esther-agyeiwaa
The global energy management system market is projected to reach $1.70 billion in 2012. By 2020, the global market is projected to reach $9.98 billion. The market is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 25%.Currently, EMS offerings are focused on energy optimization based on company-specified goals and preferences. However, in the future, EMS will also integrate operations optimization, and will automatically adjust settings for the highest levels of performance, in addition to providing energy savings. This report has been developed by Zpryme’s Smart Grid Insights Research Team and Zpryme’s Smart Grid Advisory Board.
This presentation highlights the main challenges and opportunities related to Smart City, a helpful guide for Companies and Institutions to move forward on this topic.
Talent Augmentation: Through Intelligent Process Automation, Smart Robots Ext...Cognizant
Process automation is moving from the factory floor to the world of knowledge work. But robots can't do it alone. Companies that calibrate smart people with smart machines are already achieving higher productivity and superior business results.
Big Oppportunities, Clouded Possibilities for IT Services SectorPeopleWorks IN
With global IT spending projected to grow by 3.9 per cent, the IT services segment is all set to surpass its contribution to Industry revenue. Right Talent will be the ultimate source of comfort for firms like yours to support in your growth and business aspirations. PeopleWorks team pooled in resources to understand the challenges faced and the role of HR in IT Services Sector. The same has been documented and attached for your perusal.
Building Technology Organizations of TomorrowZinnov
Legacy organizations are being disrupted and are failing to keep pace with the hyper-volatile business landscape. Top performers of the past have failed to maintain their growth trajectory.Every industry is facing digital disruption and organisations are in a race to be the digital leaders. Zinnov Management Consulting recommends leveraging 5 Key verticals to transform into organizations of tomorrow.
This article provides an overview of current international e-Government practices and the role of the national identity management infrastructure program in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in supporting e-Government development. It describes the benefits of e-Government that various governments worldwide have identified, sheds light on some recent surveys on the delivery of e-Government by some countries, highlights some examples and puts the position of the United Arab Emirates into context. It then discusses the program's use of Identity Management in the strategic initiatives, explains their purpose in the facilitation of e-Government within the United Arab Emirates and describes a general roadmap for implementation.
جاءت فكرة هذا الكتاب من واقع تجربة هيئة الإمارات للهوية بالتعلم المؤسسي التي تبنت هذا العلم الإداري التطبيقي، وارتأت أهمية التعريف به ونشره لتوسيع دائرة الاستفادة منه على المستوى المحلي بدولة الإمارات، وعلى مستوى الوطن العربي.
تم تخطيط فصول هذا الكتاب ليقدم صورة علمية لنظريات الإدارة العالمية مع التركيز على أطروحات علماء الإدارة التي درست بعمق بنيان المؤسسة ثقافيا واجتماعيا ونفسيا وإداريا، والنظر لها كعقل متجمع ومتوجه يحرك المؤسسة لاتجاهاتها المختلفة، وباعتبار أن المؤسسة هي كائن عاقل يمكن التفاهم معها والاستفادة من خصائصها وتطويعها للوصول لإتقان التعلم المؤسسي وتصنيع معارف جديدة وتطبيقها داخليا بشكل واسع.
ويتناول الباب الثاني من الكتاب تجربة هيئة الإمارات للهوية في مجال التعلم المؤسسي، والمبادرات التطبيقية التي استفادت منها الهيئة في تجربتها الناجحة في تنفيذ خططها الاستراتيجية، وكان الهدف من عرض تلك التطبيقات هو تقديم صورة شفافة للقارئ العربي لينتقل بخياله من الواقع النظري للواقع التطبيقي داخل الهيئة، وجاء الهدف الثاني لبيان أن الحلول التي تنتهجها أي مؤسسة لتعزيز قدراتها على التعلم ستأتي من داخل المؤسسة نفسها، ومن الأفكار والإبداعات الداخلية وأنه يممكن لأية مؤسسة جادة أن تطور ذاتيا طرقا خاصة تبرز وتظهر بها تعلمها وتمكنها الذاتي لإدارة التغيير بطريقتها وفقا لفهمها الذاتي لمنظومتها الفكرية العامة التي تشكل أداء وقدرات هذه المؤسسة.
ثم يختم الكتاب بتوصيات، هي مفاتيح لأبحاث جديدة في ميدان التعلم المؤسسي ليسهل للقارئ العادي والمتخصص على السواء فهم وضبط إيقاع حركة وسرعة وجودة عملية التعلم المؤسسي.
The presentation focuses on key themes related to Organisational Learning. We use some facts about Crocodiles in our storyboard to illustrate fundamental elements that need to be heeded by practitioners. We argue that if we use Crocodile's style of learning in our institutions, we will have better chances to succeed in setting up sustainable learning organisations.
عرض إلكتروني مقدم في اجتماع الجمعية العمومية التأسيسية للاتحاد العربي للتجارة الإلكترونية | مجلس الوحدة الاقتصادية العربية 3 مايو 2016 | جامعة الدول العربية | القاهرة – جمهورية مصر العربية
Electronic government (e-government) has been attracting the attention of the world for the past two decades, and specifically, upon the advent of the internet. Governments worldwide have spent billions of dollars to date to transform themselves into e-government. However, their efforts and large investments resulted mainly in online portals and scattered electronic services. Various studies indicate that e-government initiatives are failing to meet citizens' expectations for convenient service delivery systems. Nonetheless, the rapid pace at which technology is innovatively evolving and its disruptive nature is forcing new realities to be accepted in e-government domain. The new forms of mobility made possible by the transforming technologies are not only changing how people live their lives today, but also redefining business models, employee productivity, customer relationship, and even how governments are structured. The growing usage of smartphones and tablets have significant impact on all industries, but at large how government services are delivered. This study attempts to provide some qualitative input to the existing body of knowledge. It sheds light on some trends that have high impact to disrupt existing technological-based channels of interaction between governments and citizens, and ultimately on service delivery. It also sheds light on the role of modern identity management infrastructure in enabling higher levels of trust and confidence in mobile transactions.
Despite the immeasurable investment in e-government initiatives throughout the world, such initiatives have yet to succeed in fully meeting expectations and desired outcomes. A key objective of this research article is to support the government of the UAE in realizing its vision of e-government transformation. It presents an innovative framework to support e-government implementation, which was developed from a practitioner's perspective and based on learnings from numerous e-government practices around the globe. The framework presents an approach to guide governments worldwide, and UAE in particular, to develop a top down strategy and leverage technology in order realize its long term goal of e-government transformation. The study also outlines the potential role of modern national identity schemes in enabling the transformation of traditional identities into digital identities. The work presented in this study is envisaged to help bridge the gap between policy makers and implementers, by providing greater clarity and reducing misalignment on key elements of e-government transformation. In the hands of leaders that have a strong will to invest in e-government transformation, the work presented in this study is envisaged to become a powerful tool to communicate and coordinate initiatives, and provide a clear visualization of an integrated approach to e-government transformation.
Successful factors determining the significant relationship between e-governa...riyaniaes
Every government's major objective is to provide the greatest services in order to establish efficiency and quality of performance. Syria's government has understood how critical it is to go in the direction of information technology. However, there are gaps and poor links across government sectors, which has tainted the image of Syrian e-governance. As a result, one of the main aims of this study is to figure out what factors impact Syrians' acceptance of the e-government system. A total of 600 questionnaires were delivered to Syrian individuals as part of a survey. The data was analysed using the structural equation model (SEM) using AMOS version 21.0. User intention to utilise an e-government system was shown to be influenced by performance expectations, effort expectations, system flexibility, citizens-centricity, and facilitating conditions. Assurance, responsiveness, reliability, tangibles, and empathy are five fundamental factors that have a major impact on government operation excellence. Behavioural Intention is being utilised as a mediator between the government operation excellence (GOE) initiative and the e-government platform.
THE CRITICAL ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS OF E-GOVERNMENT IN KENYA Editor IJCATR
eGovernment focusses on the use of technology to achieve levels of improvement in various areas of government, transforming the nature of politics and relations between the government and citizens. However, in Kenya, just like in other developing nations, many eGovernment projects have either stalled or failed to meet their objectives due to some key organizational factors. This study therefore highlights critical organizational factors affecting eGovernment projects and the nature of their relationships with eGovernment performance. The study employed cross-sectional survey design. Targeting the entire 18 eGovernment projects implemented through the Information Communications Authority of Kenya since 2005. Both primary and secondary data was collected and analyzed based on response from 217 respondents out of the 300 who participated (72% response rate). At the end, it emerged that out of the various organizational factors hypothesized to predict eGovernment projects Performance, only organizational structure, prioritization of deliverables, and organizational culture are critical in Kenyan context. Others identified in previous studies such as future needs of the organization, power distribution, structure, information system strategy alignment, prioritization of deliverables, and training were also important but not critical.
THE EFFECT OF INTERNAL FACTORS WITHIN THE GOVERNMENT ENTITIES ON THE IMPLEMEN...ijmpict
The building of e-government has become a priority issue as well as a challenge for many local, state, and
federal government agencies worldwide. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is now widely
employed to help the governments transformation toward smart governments. Many critical success factors
(CSF) are there to determine the chance a transformation project can go-live. It has been noticed that the
implementation journey for IT solutions in the public sector has lots of barriers and challenges which lead
to low success rate of projects. This study examines the effect of the Ease of Delivery of the implementation
journey on the Success of Delivery. The result shows that the Ease of Delivery is positively related to the
Success of Delivery. The result of this study has the potential to increase the success rate of IT projects in
government sector by shedding the light on the most important factors affecting the delivery journey for egovernment projects
International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Techno...ijcseit
In the last decade, a lot of countries started to adopt e-government to reduce costs, improve services, save
time and increase effectiveness and efficiency, and improve trust between governments and citizens.
Therefore, it is very important to put e-government adoption in all countries under the light spot. In this
paper, we will discuss the advantages, challenges of e-government as an international approach with a
focused view on the Arabian Gulf countries. We will investigate the advantages of implementing egovernment
systems throughout those countries. In addition, the understanding of these advantages can
help decision-makers recognize the success and risk factors in e-government adoption. Furthermore, we
will discuss the challenges facing the adoption of e-government in the Arabian Gulf countries. We will also
highlight some important points that need to be taken into account in all phases of the engineering process
of the e-government.
Promoting transparency in university administration through e governanceVijay Bhaskar
The advances in information and communication technology (ICT) has created opportunities to transform the relationship between universities, students and other stake holders in new ways that contribute to the attainment of good governance. They provide choices for the universities and its stake holders to involve in the process of governance at all levels. They facilitate larger participation and better service delivery, thus making governance more efficient and effective. In addition, e-governance may lower transaction costs both for the university and its stake holders. E-governance presents many avenues for improving administrative trans- parency and performance efficiency. It has opened up new opportunities for universities to manage things differently and in a more efficient manner by utilizing information and re-engineering the processes. Many universities have launched specific initiatives for transparent administration. Students are being perceived as clients rather than beneficiaries. The Internet revolution has proved to be a powerful tool for student-centric governance of universities. An important dimension of the Internet potential is the possibility of providing educational services anytime, anywhere. This paper investigates the role of e-governance in promoting trans- parent administration in the universities.
Despite the large investments in the field of e-Government (e-Gov) around the world, little is known about the impact such investment. This is due to the lack of guidance evaluation, absence of appropriate tools to
measure the impact of e-Gov on the private sector, as well as the lack of effective management to resolve or eliminate the barriers to e-Gov services that led to the failure or delay of many projects. This paper is primarily concerned in determining the impact of e-Gov services on the private sector. A combination of Modified Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), DeLone and McLean's of IS success will be utilized as a research model and e-Gov Economics Project (eGEP) framework to measure “Efficiency, Democracy
& Effectiveness impact” for G2B services. The research result will help e-Gov decision makers to recognize the critical factors that are responsible for G2B success, specifically factors they need to pay attention to gain the highest return on their technology investment, hence enabling them to measure the impact for e-Gov on the private sector. The paper has also demonstrated the usefulness of Structural
Equation Modeling (SEM) in analysis of small data sets and in exploratory research.
يسلط الكتاب الضوء على دور اقتصاد البيانات في دعم الأنظمة الاقتصادية الوطنية، وإرشاد القرارات والسياسات في مختلف القطاعات. ويقدم مجموعة من التوصيات لتطوير السياسات التنظيمية والبنى التحتية ودعم الابتكار وتشجيع نمو القطاع الخاص وريادة الأعمال.
يسلط الكتاب الضوء على أهم أبعاد التحول الرقمي الحكومي، ويقدم أطر ومفاهيم عامة لتصميم وتطوير المنظومات الخدماتية القائمة على إنشاء القيمة وتحقيق النمو الاجتماعي والاقتصادي
يتناول الكتاب المتغيرات التي فرضتها التكنولوجيات الحديثة على المفاهيم المرتبطة بالنقد، ودور العملات الرقمية في تشكيل مستقبل الأسواق العالمية.
ويتطرق أيضاً إلى التحولات الكبيرة في الاقتصاد العالمي الجديد، ودور العملة في الاقتصاد، والمشكلات التي تواجه العملات بشكل عام والورقية على الأخص، والمدفوعات والعملات الإلكترونية، ومفهوم العملات الرقمية الحكومية والتجارية والافتراضية والمشفرة والمستقرة، هذا بالإضافة إلى مميزات العملات المشفرة ومخاطرها، والقيم المتذبذبة للعملات التجارية، والترويج الذي يتم لها.
كما يستعرض الكتاب التجارب الدولية للعملات الرقمية، والتجارب العربية في هذا المجال، والمواقف الحكومية من العملات المشفرة، وعملة الـفيسبوك، ومستقبل العملات الرقمية والمدفوعات الرقمية، هذا بالإضافة إلى دور تكنولوجيا البلوك تشين في تأمين المعاملات المالية.
ويضع الكتاب النموذج المتوقع لعمل العملات الرقمية الحكومية، وذلك من خلال التطرق إلى 9 خصائص رئيسية مطلوبة لأي منظومة عملة ناجحة من العملات الرقمية، وكذلك 8 مكونات أساسية لنموذج عمل العملات الرقمية الحكومية، مع شرح آلية عمل النموذج.
ومن بين أهم التوصيات التي أوصى بها الكتاب هو ضرورة أن يتوحد العالم العربي لدراسة وتأسيس عملة رقمية وفق منهج علمي مدروس وجماعي، تكون الأولوية الحاكمة فيه هي التوافق والتكامل.
يشير الكتاب على أن التنمية الفكرية في بناء المؤسسات تمثل إحدى أهم الأبعاد المحورية نحو المجتمعات والاقتصادات المستدامة، ويبين أن وصول المؤسسات للقمة والتميز يتطلب منها تكوين فهم دقيق للقيمة المضافة التي تنشئها المؤسسة قبل بحث الكيفية والوسيلة، وأن القدرة على الابتكار والتغيير والتحديث هي السمات التي يمكن من خلالها أن تسهم في توفير قوة دافعة للمؤسسة للتميز والاستدامة.
ويتناول الكتيب عدة محاور ضرورية من شأنها أن تعزز من إسهامات القيادات الشابة في مؤسساتهم، والتي جاء في مقدمتها: مفهوم القمة في العمل المؤسسي، ومجالات وصول المؤسسات للقمة، وأدوات الوصول للقمة والمحافظة عليها؛ وشرح لمفاهيم الإدارة المتميزة، وأساسيات إدارة الموارد البشرية، ومدى الاستفادة من التكنولوجيا، وما يحمله المستقبل من تطورات في مجالات جديدة بالثورة الصناعية الرابعة، وطريقة الوصول للقمة، وكذلك استمرارية البقاء على القمة التي تستدعي التعلم بشكل مستمر، وكيفية استدامة التميز المعتمدة على المنهج المتكامل القابل لتحديد نفسه بصفة دائمة.
يتطرق الكتاب إلى بعض المعطيات التي أصبحت تدفع نحو تحولات كبيرة في النظام الاقتصادي العالمي، ويتناول توقعات المؤسسات الدولية لأداء الاقتصاد العالمي.
كما يضع الكتاب عدد من السمات المفترضة للنظام الاقتصادي الجديد خلال فترة ما بعد (كوفيد 19).
يتناول الكتاب الصادر من مجلس الوحدة الاقتصادية العربية بجامعة الدول العربية بعنوان “الاقتصاد الرقمي ودوره في تعزيز الأمن الوطني”، الفرص التي يمتلكها الاقتصاد الرقمي ويدعو للتركيز على الاقتصاد الرقمي كعنصر تنموي استراتيجي لتطوير مقومات الأمن الاقتصادي.
The study highlights the effects of the revolutions and unrest in Arab countries with an attempt to provide an overview of Arab present and its prospects. It primarily recommends the adoption and employment of advanced technologies in reconstruction efforts and supporting the development of resilient and sustainable economies.
The book is designed to promote understanding of conflicts in organisations, and establish how they can be handled effectively, and make them work as opportunities for improvement and constructive change.
دراسة موجزة لمجلس الوحدة الاقتصادية العربية بجامعة الدول العربية حول آثار أزمة جائحة كورونا على الدول العربية وتقدم توصيات لمتخذي القرار وراسمي السياسات للتعامل مع تداعيات الأزمة.
The book pinpoints that the digital future is exposed to the danger of chaotic, unregulated growth, which constitutes a challenge for countries that still operate according to traditional economic models, and that public thinking in the Arab region in facing challenges still follows the "reaction methodology" and temporary solutions with short-term prospects, and that this is confirmed by the current international indicators of its competitiveness. The book proposes that in order to address this, visions and efforts should be based on strategies driven by scientific methods, and with it the Arab countries must develop a clear understanding of the main challenges before jumping to seize opportunities.
The book shows that it is fundamental for policymakers and decision-makers to have precise and accurate understanding of the intricate details in digital transformation initiatives and the role that modern technologies can play in changing the rules and systems of current practices, and in how to develop digitized, more innovative business models with which to build resilient and sustainable social economies and systems.
The book also draws on the current data and indicators of the global economy and that they are pushing to form a worrying picture of weaknesses in Arab countries, which in turn may threaten the stability of the entire region, especially with regard to the "cognitive decline" and “increasing unemployment rates” and “poor economic performance"; and that these challenges call for dealing with it as key strategic indicators that require urgent action plans; with emphasis that these plans need to be designed to reflect different ways of thinking and adapted to the nature of the requirements and challenges of the 21st century and treat them as forces and positive factors.
The book highlights the importance of accelerating the implementation of a set of initial reform projects to encourage the development of more dynamic and developed digital business environments in the Arab region, in parallel with the development of educational systems and healthcare, and strengthening agricultural capabilities to achieve food security targets, and focus on economies based on industry and production, and promoting the development of Arab digital platforms to support e-commerce practices.
يتطرق الكتاب إلى تحليل الوضع الراهن لمشاريع التحول الرقمي في الحكومات العربية، والمراحل الأربعة للتحول في المنظومة الحكومية، وأهم العوائق والتحديات التي تعطل مسيرة التطور والتقدم ويقدم الكتاب بعض الحلول الموجزة والمقترحة في هذا السياق.
ويوضح الكتاب بأن مفاهيم الصناعة باتت تدفع بتطبيقات ممكّنة للآلات للتواصل فيما بينها من خلال الشبكات الإلكترونية واتخاذ القرارات اللامركزية بمستويات تفوق القدرات البشرية. كما أن ذلك أصبح يدفع أيضاً إلى ظهور نماذج عمل للمؤسسات أشبه بـ «المصانع الذكية» تتميز بقدراتها الآلية على التطوير الذاتي والتعامل مع المتغيرات والتعلم المستدام، والقدرة على تطوير المنظومات الخدمية والإنتاجية بمستويات كفاءة وفاعلية ومستويات أداء غير مسبوقة؛ وأن المؤسسات في المنطقة العربية لم يعد أمامها خيار سوى الاستمرار ومواكبة التقدم في تنفيذ مشاريع التحول الرقمي.
وجدير بالذكر أن المنطقة العربية وكثير من دول العالم شهدت في العقدين الماضيين آلاف المبادرات والمشاريع في مجال التحول الرقمي، مستهدفة دعم قدراتها كحكومة مسئولة عن صناعة العديد من القرارات وتقديم الخدمات، وانطلاقاً من رؤية القيادات في هذه الدول لتحويل الخدمات الحكومية إلى خدمات إلكترونية وذكية.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
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Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object Calisthenics
eGovernment Strategies The Case of the United Arab Emirates (UAE)
1. European Journal of ePractice · www.epracticejournal.eu
Nº 17 · September 2012 · ISSN: 1988-625X 126
Dr. Ali M. Al-Khouri
United Arab
Emirates
This article provides an overview of eGovernment and its role
in revolutionising existing governmental systems. It argues that
in order for eGovernment initiatives to truly succeed, we need
to develop public trust and confidence to promote diffusion and
participation. The article relates this to the recently announced
UAE eGovernment Strategic Framework 2011-2013. The
framework attempts to promote the electronic transformation
of all government services within a period of three years. An
important component of the strategic framework in question
is the use of the existing national identity management
infrastructure and the development of a government-owned
federated identity management system to support Government-
to-Citizen (G2C) eGovernment transactions and promote trust
and confidence on the Internet.
eGovernment Strategies The Case of the United Arab
Emirates (UAE)
Keywords
eGovernment, identity
management, federated identity,
identity card.
Government-owned identity
management systems that
provide secure, unique
and tamper-proof digital
identities should become
a primary component of
national eGovernment
strategies. Such federated
identity systems can gain
higher levels of trust,
confidence and encourage
public participation and
has the potential to enable
new levels of collaboration
between different
government agencies.
2. European Journal of ePractice · www.epracticejournal.eu
Nº 17 · September 2012 · ISSN: 1988-625X 127
1. Introduction
Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) have affected the ways in which people,
governments and businesses interact with each other. The rapid diffusion of the Internet, mobile
telephony and broadband networks demonstrate how pervasive this technology has become. Today,
ICT is considered as one of the fundamental building blocks of modern societies and digital economies
(Castells, 2009; Varian et al., 2005).
Yet, the revolutionary pace in countries worldwide is dependent on the preparedness of several
factors of both social and political environments (Gauld & Goldfinch, 2006; Loader, 2009; OECD,
2009). New technologies have revealed their potential to threaten existing power settings and
economic relationships (Beer, 2011; Nixon & Koutrakou, 2007). The numerous applications of ICT
over the past few decades have shown its transformative potential and its usage as an important tool
for organising political dissent in countries worldwide (Hirschfeld, 2012; Reddick, 2010; Serageldin,
2011).
From a government standpoint, eGovernment adoption is becoming an unquestionable task.
EGovernment deals with facilitating the operation of government and the distribution of governmental
information and services. The ultimate goal of eGovernment is to be able to offer an increased
portfolio of public services to citizens in an efficient and cost effective manner. Anticipated benefits
of eGovernment include efficiency, improved services, better accessibility of public services, and
more transparency and accountability (Atkinson & Castro, 2008), see also Figure 1.
Figure 1: Primary drivers of eGovernment.
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The objective of this article is to examine some of the difficulties pertaining to the successful
development and implementation of eGovernment programmes. The aim is to be pragmatic and focus
on the problematic area from a practitioner’s point of view, thus relating the identified concerns and
mapping them to a case study drawn from the UAE eGovernment experience.
The article is structured as follows: The first section provides a snapshot overview of the literature
around the objectives and outcomes associated to eGovernment. It then briefly discusses the
issue of trust and security in virtual networks and how it may encourage or inhibit public trust and
confidence. The following section gives an overview of eGovernment in the Gulf Cooperation Council
(GCC1) countries and some recent statistics about eGovernment diffusion. It then presents the case
of the UAE eGovernment Strategic Framework 2012-2014 and explains its primary objectives and
components. Finally, it sheds some light on the UAE government’s strategic initiative, the national
identity management infrastructure and its federated identity management system explaining its
potential role in supporting the eGovernment transformation and successful implementation of the
government’s strategy.
2. eGovernment: The power of technology
eGovernment in its simplest form is about the use of ICT to provide access to governmental information
and deliver public services to citizens and business partners. However, practitioners have still not
figured out how to exploit its full benefits. There is an equilibrium problem with eGovernment
applications and limitations arising from the difficulty to tangibly justify the gigantic investments in
ICT systems for the past decade and a half.
The average public expectations concerning governments’ efforts are shaped according to the ability
of the government to successfully improve citizens’ quality of life. Governments need to ensure
that their policies, regulations and systems, enable citizen participation and address the needs
of improving the delivery of services. The service delivery lifecycle needs to be reengineered and
redesigned so as to meet citizen’s expectations of enhanced social security and quality of life. Figure
2 depicts the role of government policy making in building a more citizen-centric and competitive
government.
Government policies should enable governments to undertake radical organisational changes, that:
(1) foster growth in services, (2) reduce unnecessary costs and regulatory burdens on firms, (3)
strengthen education and training systems, (4) encourage good management practices, (5) foster
innovation and new applications, (6) foster market conditions and create a business environment
that promotes productive economy, and the list goes on.
1 GCC is the acronym for Gulf Cooperation Council, also referred to as the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of
the Gulf (CCASG). It includes six countries namely, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab
Emirates.
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Figure 2: Development of a new revolution in Governments
Advocates of eGovernment point out the opportunities for citizens to play a greater role in public
policy (Ambali, 2010; Bonina & Cordella, 2008; Navarra & Cornford, 2007; Torres et al., 2005). They
also stress its potential to connect them, quickly and directly, to what their government has to offer
– no queues, no waiting, service 24/7.
Cost-cutting is a major factor driving decisions to go online. Advanced eGovernment in our opinion
has the potential to cut overheads by as high as 90 %, through streamlined communications and
integrated systems that offer higher levels of efficiency, effectiveness and convenience. This is to
say, eGovernment initiatives can reduce administrative burdens, process time cycles and improve
responsiveness. Besides, compared with the traditional over-the-counter services, online services
can reduce substantial tangible costs as they, for example, do not need buildings, people, electricity,
service desks etc.
Indeed, ICT offers the potential for development and competition in the public sector specifically in
areas of customer service and overall organisational excellence2 programmes. Such competition not
only helps lower the costs of government services through automation and computerisation but also
strengthens pressures on firms to improve performance and change conservative attitudes.
2 Though competition in the public sector was not relevant in the past, governments today use excellence models to
recognise achievements and support the implementation of best in class tools and practices. Excellence programmes are
perceived by governments as a tool to achieve sustainable growth and enhanced performance, create a breakthrough
in public sector productivity, and boost engagement to improve bottom line results. The EFQM Excellence model, for
instance, is one of the most common frameworks that is widely used in public and private sector organisations (http://
www.efqm.org).
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Private sector has always challenged the public sector and acted as a catalyst for better quality
and for more effective budget utilisation (Suomi & Tähkäpää, 2002). Increased computerisation in
the public sector is promoting new levels of balance between the two sectors (Das et al., 2010).
Government agencies and public sector agencies in particular are paying greater attention to core
capabilities and outsource other support functions to be delivered by the private sector (Suomi &
Tähkäpää, 2002). ICT in this regard has played a central role in helping governments to achieve
remarkable productivity gains (EIU, 2004).
On the other hand, and despite high spending and the widespread adoption of sophisticated ICT
infrastructure, many other countries continue to lag behind on key measures of economic growth
and productivity (ibid). Government investment in ICT to date has been very narrowly focused on
administrative rationalisation, cost-cutting, and service reform without giving attention to create
public oriented systems that promote and encourage citizen participation (Longford, 2002).
The major deficiency in such efforts is that they have been thought of and executed from a
‘government mindset’ rather than being based on public needs and expectations. Such a narrow view
of eGovernment calls for reported ICT achievements to be regarded with a sceptical eye (Longford,
2002). Unless measures are taken to address other aspects of society and governance, eGovernment
alone may produce little if any net gain in leveraging ICT to rationalise and restructure administrative
systems and service delivery systems (ibid).
Other researchers recommend that governments adopt a new approach that embeds a transformation
in the logic underpinning the design and evaluation of public sector organisations (Lane, 2000).
This is envisaged to have considerable implications for enhancing the services delivered by public
administration and serious consequences for the public value associated with the services delivered
(Bonina & Cordella, 2008).
In Arab countries, eGovernment is now viewed as the path to develop a more sustainable new
economy. It is also considered as playing a vital role in managing and directing the process of change
and reform that will boost public confidence. However, building trust in eGovernment is not a simple
issue. Relevant literature shows that there are overwhelming concerns about the potential of digital
networks to negatively affect public privacy and security (Conklin & Whiet, 2006; McLeod and
Pippin, 2009; Nikkhahan et al., 2009; Palanisamy & Mukerji, 2012; Yee et al., 2005). The next section
discusses this in more detail.
3. Trust and Confidence
Trust is probably one of the most important aspects in the implementation of eGovernment strategies.
In order for eGovernment to achieve its ambitious objectives to develop and deliver high quality and
integrated public services, citizens need to trust the virtual environment. Without trust, citizens will
not participate in the eGovernment process.
A review of the literature and empirical studies on eGovernment identifies the criteria for the
adoption of eGovernment from both a citizen’s and government’s perspective, which highlights trust
and security as major factors (Al-Khouri, 2012a; Tassabehji & Elliman, 2006). Empirical evidence
shows that the level of trust is simply not a gradual process that happens over time (Berg et al.,
1995; Kramer, 1999), rather a cumulative process. There are several overlapping and consistent
factors that have the potential to impact the building of trust. These are classified in two major
clusters; pre-interactional and interactional factors, as depicted in Table 1 (Colesca, 2009).
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Table 1: Factors that impact the building of trust.
Pre-interactional factors
Individual citizen/consumer behavioural attributes
Subjective norms, individual demographics, culture,
past experiences, propensity to trust, benevolence,
credibility, competency, fairness, honesty, integrity,
openness, general intention to trust and use of
eServices.
Institutional attributes
Organisational reputation, accreditation,
innovativeness, general perceived trustworthiness of the
organisation.
Technology
Hardware and software that deliver security and
effectiveness such as interface design, public key
encryption, integrity.
Interactional factors
Product/service attributes Reliability, availability, quality, and usability.
Transactional delivery and fulfilment of services
Usability, security, accuracy, privacy, interactivity,
quality.
Information content attributes Completeness, accuracy, currency, quality.
For the successful adoption of eGovernment services, citizens must have the intention to ‘engage in
eGovernment’ which encompasses the intentions to receive and provide information through online
channels (Warkentin et al., 2002). With the increasing reach of digital communication tools and
connectivity, governments’ interactions with their citizens over virtual networks are becoming more
popular. Citizens have come to expect and demand governmental services matching private-sector
services in every aspect of quality, quantity, and availability.
In fact, such expectations put higher pressures on governments to develop quality services and
delivery systems that are efficient and effective. However, the complexity arises from the fact that
a citizen plays multiple roles while interacting with the government. Single role-based identities are
decreasingly relevant in existing government transactions. This makes it imperative for governments
to acquire citizen-centric qualities that provide services and resources tailored to the actual service
and resource needs of the users, including citizens, residents, government employees, business
partners, etc.
The next section provides a snapshot of eGovernment in GCC countries who have been recognised
globally for their efforts in eTransformation and eReadiness.
4. eGovernment in GCC Countries
The latest United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) report on eGovernment shows a high level
of preparedness in Middle Eastern countries, well above the world average, in terms of eGovernment
adoption and readiness to interact proactively with citizens. The Internet usage in the Middle East is
reported to be 35.6 % compared to 32.6 % worldwide (UNDP, 2012). See also Table 2.
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Table 2: Internet Users in the Middle East and the World3
Middle East
Region
Population
(2011 Est.)
Pop. % of
World
Internet
Users 31 Dec
2011
% Population
(Penetration)
Users
%
World
Facebook
31-03-
2012
Total Middle East 216,258,843 3.1 % 77,020,995 35.6 % 3.4 % 20,247,900
Rest of the
World
6,713,796,311 96.9 % 2,190,212,747 32.6 % 96.6 % 815,277,380
World Total 6,930,055,154 100.0 % 2,267,233,742 32.7 % 100.0 % 835,525,280
Source: http://www.internetworldstats.com
Representing a total of 77 million internet users, Middle Eastern citizens are classified as heavy users
of electronic social networks with high dependence on digital communications. The United Arab
Emirates have the highest Internet penetration with nearly 70 % of the population followed closely
by Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, Kuwait, Palestine and KSA. See also Figure 3.
Figure 3: Middle East Country Wise Internet % Population (Penetration)
Source: http://www.internetworldstats.com
3 NOTES: (1) Internet Usage and Population Statistics for the Middle East were updated as of 31 December 2011, and
Facebook subscribers were updated as of 31 March 2012; (2) population numbers are based on data contained in the US
Census Bureau; (3) the most recent Internet stats come mainly from data published by Nielsen Online , ITU , Facebook
and other trustworthy sources; (4) data on this site may be cited, giving due credit and establishing an active link back
to InternetWorldStats.com. Source: http://www.internetworldstats.com.
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Overall, GCC countries have maintained leadership in eGovernment readiness among Arab peers.
They have taken serious steps to support the diffusion of eGovernment in their societies (Al-Khouri &
Bachlaghem, 2011; Al-Khouri & Bal, 2007). Several UNDP reports confirmed that the growing efforts
of GCC governments to promote digital transformation and literacy have helped further enhance
the region’s collective ranking in the UN eGovernment Readiness Surveys (UNDP, 2010; UNDP 2012).
These reports indicated that GCC countries played various roles for eGovernment in addressing the
global financial crisis.
Governments of the GCC countries are considered to be in intense competition with each other to
develop a new knowledge-based economy, away from the current dependence on oil, and to make
their products and services competitive on a global scale (Awan, 2003). GCC countries are proceeding
at a rapid space to use more service oriented and citizen-centric operating models. This rapid reform
is bringing a paradigm shift in the way citizens in the GCC are interacting with their governments.
There are serious efforts in these countries to develop electronic operating environments, with
advanced capabilities to build the right conditions for the eCitizens concept to evolve.
The next section provides an overview of the eGovernment strategy of one of the GCC countries,
namely the UAE government’s strategic framework that aims to electronically transform all public
services through a two-year action plan.
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5. UAE eGovernment Strategic Framework 2012-2014
Although local initiatives in the UAE started earlier, the federal eGovernment programme started
in 2001. One of the early eServices offered at a federal level was the electronic card known as the
eDirham in 2001, which was issued to collect government services fees (Figure 4). Today, the UAE
is considered to have one of the most advanced and world-class information and communication
technology infrastructures.
Figure 4: UAE Federal eGovernment Evolution
The UAE is considered among the highest investing governments in adopting and implementing
progressive ICT in its government and private sectors. The UAE has made a remarkable worldwide
achievement in the field of eGovernment according to the UN eGovernment Survey 2012, which
focuses on the role of eGovernment in sustainable development. The UAE achieved the 28th rank
overall according to the survey against the 49th rank in the 2010 Survey. It scored 7th on online
service index against 99th in the 2010 survey and 6th in the eParticipation index against 86th in the
2010 survey (Figure 5).
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Figure 5: UAE in UN EGovernment Survey 2012
The UAE has recently announced a revised eGovernment Transformation Strategic Framework. This
framework comprises numerous strategic initiatives at a federal level to transform all government
services and make them available electronically through various channels. The following section will
provide an overview of this strategy.
5.1 UAE Federal eGovernment Strategic Framework
The United Arab Emirates has developed a federal eGovernment Strategic Framework for 2012-2014
that charts out the initiatives and courses of action the government intends to take over a period of
three years. The framework is aimed to contribute to:
1. UAE Vision 2021: which drives the UAE to be one of the best countries in the world, see also
Table 3; and
2. UAE Government Strategy 2011-2013: that aims at putting citizens first and developing an
accountable and innovative government.
The framework also makes reference to some of the existing federal strategies to ensure alignment
with government strategic intents and plans. See also Table 3.
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Table 3: The seven primary references in the UAE eGovernment strategy
Description References
Is the highest reference strategy and provides
the strategic vision of the country, for which the
eGovernment strategy needs to be aligned with,
and contribute to its realisation. The UAE vision
2021 envisages development of a knowledge-based
economy that will be diverse and flexible led by skilled
professional Emiratis. The vision contains four important
components with detailed objectives related to national
identity, economy, education and health. It seeks to
make the UAE a land of ambitious and confident people
who hold on to their heritage; a strong federation; a
competitive economy led by creative and knowledgeable
Emiratis; and finally a high quality of life in a generous
and sustainable environment.
http://www.vision2021.ae/
UAE Vision 2021
Provides a phased plan for the Federal Government to
progress towards the UAE Vision 2021.
http://uaecabinet.ae/English/Documents/PMO%20
StrategyDocEngFinV2.pdf
UAE Strategy 2011-2013
Government strategy to regulate the telecommunications
sector. It represents the basis on which the eGovernment
strategy was developed, as it defines and details the
three dimensions of service, environment and readiness.
UAE Government ICT Strategy
Provides an analysis of the current state of federal
government services, as well as detailed guidelines
on how to develop them. It also includes many of the
strategic initiatives that fall under the eGovernment
programme.
Services Development Strategy
Alignment of eGovernment budget with the federal
budget.
http://www.mof.gov.ae/En/Budget/Pages/
ZEROBudgeting.aspx
Federal government budget
Covers three dimensions (environment, readiness and
services), and contributes to the identification of gaps
and opportunities that can be addressed through the
objectives and specific initiatives in the eGovernment
strategy.
http://www.emiratesegov.ae
Current Situation Analysis
Comparisons of best practices in the field of
eGovernment to support the development of the new
strategy and define its primary objectives and initiatives.
Benchmarking
There is a considerable leadership confidence that successful implementation of the federal
eGovernment strategy 2012-2014 will help to improve the UAE’s global competitiveness and enhancing
the UAE’s eTransformation. This is described clearly in the vision and mission statements developed
as part of the strategy and as depicted in Figure 6 below.
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Figure 6: UAE eGovernment development methodology
Source: http://www.emiratesegov.ae
As shown in the above diagram, the government adopted a seven-stage strategy development process.
It included benchmarks with some international eGovernment practices and implementations, such
as Canada, USA, Southern Europe, Singapore, the European Union and GCC countries. The outcome
of this exercise was the definition and prioritising of the initiatives and the primary focus areas. The
development approach took into account three primary dimensions of eServices, eReadiness, and ICT
environment (Figure 7).
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Figure 7: Strategy Development Plan
Source: http://www.emiratesegov.ae
The eService dimension is concerned with the acceleration of the pace of eTransformation within
government organisations and the provision of high quality electronic services through innovative
delivery channels; e.g., Internet, fixed and mobile phones and kiosks, besides the traditional service
centres. eReadiness focuses on strengthening the capacities of federal agencies in terms of ICT,
organisation structures, HR capabilities and competencies, and their readiness for eTransformation.
The ICT environment dimension covers organisational factors such as policies and legislations needed
to support the implementation of eGovernment initiatives. This has resulted in the development of
five strategic goals as depicted in Figure 8.
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Figure 8: Strategic intents, goals, and work themes
Source: http://www.emiratesegov.ae
In order to achieve these goals, the government has identified 38 initiatives to be implemented as
part of the eGovernment strategy. Figure 9 depicts the initiatives for each of the four work streams.
These 38 initiatives cover four vital eGovernment areas:
1. Strengthening the regulatory framework and governance mechanisms for eGovernment in
the country. This is related to the legal and regulatory environment governing acquisition and
use of information systems in government agencies, eGovernment services, and a high level
plan for the overall development of the public sector in the country. Regulations and laws are
considered primary enablers to support eGovernment and ensure security, reliability and data
privacy. As such, this area also includes the development of strong governance structure to
facilitate communication between the different stakeholders and attempts to capture their
needs and turn them into electronic service systems.
2. Infrastructure support of information systems in the United Arab Emirates. This theme deals
with creating a solid infrastructure for information systems to enable the delivery of world-class
eGovernment services. It also focuses on aspects such as facilitation of exchange and sharing of
data between government agencies.
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3. Launching and providing eGovernment applications and services. This theme focuses on a set
of applications and services to be provided to government agencies to support them in providing
eGovernment services effectively and efficiently.
4. Development of effective mechanisms for performance management. This theme focuses on
improving overall effectiveness and actual levels of performance of departments of information
technology within government agencies. It also deals with developing automated tools and
reports to monitor performance indicators and overall performance management.
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Figure 9: UAE eGovernment 2011-2014 initiatives
Source: http://www.emiratesegov.ae
The government identified 20 strategic performance indicators across all five strategic objectives to
measure the implementation success of the strategy. Figure 10 shows 8 of these key performance
indicators (KPIs).
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Figure 10: Some of the UAE eGovernment 2011-2014 KPIs
Source: http://www.emiratesegov.ae
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The government also developed an operating model that will be used to measure progress based
on two variables: (1) citizen centricity and (2) efficiency and effectiveness factors associated with
initiatives and projects. The model consists of six elements, as depicted in Figure 11. Each of
these elements is managed through a separate and dedicated set of project portfolios. The most
important element in the model is the construction of necessary security measures to develop trust
and confidence levels between the service providers and the beneficiary.
Figure 11: UAE eGovernment strategy operating model
Source: http://www.emiratesegov.ae
One of the key programmes launched by the UAE to build trust and security in its eGovernment plan is
the national identity management infrastructure programme. There is a high level of interdependence
between these two initiatives. As part of the programme, the UAE issues a smart card with digital
identities for all of its population which is estimated at around 9 million people. The next section
will elaborate further on the objective of this programme.
6. UAE National Identity Management Infrastructure
The UAE national identity management infrastructure is a strategic initiative to enhance homeland
security and develop a federated identity management system enabling secure eGovernment
transactions (Al-Khouri, 2012b). A federated identity is the means of linking a person’s electronic
identity and attributes, stored across multiple distinct identity management systems (Madsen,
2005). Such systems would allow individuals to use the same user name, password or other personal
identification to sign in to the networks of more than one enterprise in order to conduct transactions
(Bertino & Takahashi, 2011; Roebuck, 2011; Windley, 2005).
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As part of the programme, the UAE issues smart identity cards for all of its population. The UAE national
identity card is one of the world’s most advanced and secure smart cards. The card is provided with
identification parameters stored securely in the smart chip. It thus enables establishing a person’s
identity on-site (physically) and remotely (virtually), enabling secure and trusted transactions. The
multi factor authentication which provides both match-on-card4 and match-off-card5 features,
facilitates validation, verification and authentication of any given identity. The cardholder can then
access all identity based services as shown in Figure 12.
Figure 12: National ID Card: Key Enabler for UAE eGovernment.
The UAE ID card capabilities of on-site identification, remote identification and authentication are
available to be used across the different applications enabling various forms of electronic transactions
e.g., G2C, B2C, etc. These are facilitated by PIN verification, biometric authentication (match on
card and match off card features) and digital signatures (Figure 13).
4 Match-On-Card (MOC): The process of matching a biometric sample against a previously stored template on the same
smartcard. MOC is the best known approach to underwrite cardholder’s privacy protection.
5 Match-Off-Card: The process of matching a biometric sample against a previously stored template outside of card or
any portable personal object.
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Figure 13: Enabling secure eGovernment transactions through smart identity cards
The UAE national identity management system eliminates the need to maintain distinct user
credentials in separate systems. In an eGovernment context, this should result in greatly simplified
administration and streamlined access to resources.
Government agencies in the UAE’s federated identity management (FIM) system will depend on
the National Identity Validation Gateway to authenticate their respective users and vouch for
their access to services. Agencies will be able to share applications without needing to adopt the
same technologies for directory services, security and authentication. This is enabled by the active
directory services part of the FIM that allows government agencies to recognise their users through
a single identity (Figure 14).
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Figure 14: Federated identity management system
UAE is currently taking rapid steps in integrating its identity management infrastructure and its smart
card capabilities in various public sector systems and applications. Some of the current deployments
for card usage include the eGate service at the airports that allows cardholders to pass through
immigration control using biometric authentication.
In addition, citizens inAbu Dhabi6, for example, have the ability to login to the online local government
portal and avail themselves of various eServices and utility payments. Some additional services
provided through the Abu Dhabi portal include viewing and modifying details of one’s personal traffic
profile with Abu Dhabi Police, such as address, licence plate, etc.
There is increasing motivation in the UAE’s public sector to rely on the new identity card to provide
its services. It is expected that all eGovernment services would eventually require registering for the
UAE identity card and PIN to access online government services. Integration of the national identity
card is ongoing in all the federal and local authorities.
The design of the UAE federated identity management system ensures reliable and secure access
from multiple locations, and hence provides advanced mobility. This supports the vision set in the
UAE eGovernment strategic framework to deliver public sector services through different channels;
whether it is the internet, kiosk machines, mobile phone applications or any other electronic channel.
The UAE national identity card is viewed as the cornerstone for enabling successful deployment of
eGovernment and eServices strategy in the country.
6 Abu Dhabi eGovernment: The Abu Dhabi eGovernment Gateway provides a centralised electronic gateway for Emirate-
wide information dissemination between the Abu Dhabi Government and its customers. The Gateway provides citizens,
residents, visitors and businesses with streamlined access to around 900 services, many of which are available as
transactional online services, in addition to more than 250 general information pages, and 95 department pages.
http://www.abudhabi.ae.
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7. Conclusions
In an era of increasing digital communications and connectivity, governments are paying more
attention to the interaction with their citizens within the virtual world (Bwalya, 2012; Reddick,
2010b). While making such attempts, governments are realising that conventional physical trust
mechanisms are now insufficient and that there is a clear need to develop new capabilities to
identify electronic identities (Andress & Winterfield, 2011; Basin et al., 2011; Howard & Prince,
2011; Sheldon & Vishik, 2011).
The government of the UAE decided, as part of its national development strategy, to own the
identification process itself and provide secure, unique and tamper-proof digital identities to its
population. This kind of identity management system owned by the national government is envisaged
to offer improved security, gain higher levels of trust, confidence and encourage participation.
The federated identity management system, which is a fundamental component of the UAE’s identity
infrastructure, is foreseen to eliminate the need to replicate databases of users’ credentials for
separate applications and systems. It also paves the way to use a common framework to share
information between trusted partners, where government agencies would not need to establish
separate relationships and procedures with one another to conduct transactions.
The UAE eGovernment initiatives will be more successful when citizens will be able to transcend
the physical borders to carry out their transactions. A citizen should be able to use his/her national
identity card to conduct eGovernment and eCommerce transactions on websites verified and validated
by a single identity validation service. This should be the future aspiration.
To the extent that the UAE federated identity allows government agencies to offer controlled access
to data or other resources, it has the potential to enable new levels of collaboration between the
different agencies. Identity management can support process re-engineering for extending access to
valuable resources, using multi-factor authentication mechanisms, while the integration of systems
across governmental and private sector spheres further broadens the opportunities for supporting
eGovernment and eCommerce applications.
8. References
Al-Khouri, A.M. & Bal, J. (2007). Electronic Government in the GCC Countries. International Journal
of Social Sciences, 1(2), 83-98.
Al-Khouri, A.M. & Bachlaghem, M. (2011). Towards Federated eIdentity Management across the GCC:
A Solution’s Framework. Global Journal of Strategies & Governance, 4(1), 30-49.
Al-Khouri, A.M. (2012a). Emerging Markets and Digital Economy: Building Trust in The Virtual World.
International Journal of Innovation in the Digital Economy, 3(2), 57-69.
Al-Khouri, A.M. (2012b). PKI in Government Digital Identity Management Systems. The European
Journal of ePractice, 14, 4-21.
Ambali, A. (2010). E-government in Public Sector: Policy Implications and Recommendations for
Policy-makers. Research Journal of International Studies, 17, retrieved April 11, 2012 from http://
www.eurojournals.com/RJIS_17_10.pdf.
Andress, J., & Winterfield, S. (2011). Cyber Warfare: Techniques, Tactics, and Tools for Security
Practitioners. Waltham, MA: Syngress.
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Atkinson, R.D. & Castro, D.D. (2008). Digital Quality of Life: Understanding the Personal and
Social Benefits of the Information Technology Revolution, Information Technology and Innovation
Foundation, 137–145, retrieved March 10, 2012 from available at: www.itif.org/files/DQOL.pdf.
Awan, M. (2003). eGovernment: Assessment of GCC (Gulf Co-operating Council) Countries and
Services Provided. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2739, 500-503.
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Author
Ali M. Al-Khouri
United Arab Emirates
Ali.AlKhouri@emiratesid.ae
http://www.epractice.eu/en/people/271476