Efficiently Inefficient: Service Design Games As Innovation Tools - Hannula, Harviainen

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The document discusses how service design games can act as efficient innovation tools despite games traditionally being inefficient. It defines service design games and their uses in data gathering, concept development, prototyping, and design education. The research question examines how these games accomplish their goals efficiently. Service design games create knowledge by bringing people's background knowledge together and having them understand different perspectives. Reflection is embedded within game mechanics through separating ideation from the problem and enabling self-distanciation. An example game called ATLAS illustrates how game mechanics can foster deeper understanding and allow rules to change to better suit players' needs.

Design

GAMES THAT CHANGE otsohannula.com
Which is a tool?

GAMES THAT CHANGE otsohannula.com
ToolGame
Ineﬃcient Eﬃcient

GAMES THAT CHANGE otsohannula.com
What is a game?
Salen and Zimmerman (2004, p. 80):
a system in which players engage in artiﬁcial
conﬂict, deﬁned by rules, that results in a
quantiﬁable outcome .

GAMES THAT CHANGE otsohannula.com
What are these people doing?

GAMES THAT CHANGE otsohannula.com
Service design games
Data
gathering
Service
concepting
Creation of
physical
prototypes
Prototyping
interaction
Design
education+
time
Vaajakallio (2012: 89)

GAMES THAT CHANGE otsohannula.com
Research question
How do service design games accomplish their goals
as eﬃcient innovation tools, if they as games
are supposed to be ineﬃcient?

GAMES THAT CHANGE otsohannula.com
Design games
(Vaajakallio, 2012)
Knowledge creation
(Tsoukas, 2009)
•  creating new distinctions later
incorporated into new practices and
services
•  bringing background knowledge into
focal awareness by attempting to
understand each other, and see their
own words in new ways based on how
others respond to them
•  adopting a positive attitude toward
each other, a desire to work on a
shared goal, and practicing self-
distanciation
•  studying design environments
•  building design competences
•  empowering future users to discuss
existing and future alternatives
•  engaging multiple stakeholders in
generating shared understanding

GAMES THAT CHANGE otsohannula.com
Information, knowledge and games
•  All multiplayer games facilitate both information sharing and
knowledge creation, whether they are designed for that purpose or
just recreational
•  The creation of knowledge has to be encouraged through either
design, active facilitation before and during play, or preferably both
•  Trust and positive interdependence have to be established before the
social environment becomes conductive for exploration, innovation
and learning
•  The game s rules and level of complexity should support ﬂexible
strategies , the possibility to collaboratively select diﬀerent
approaches to problem-solving and knowledge creation

GAMES THAT CHANGE otsohannula.com
Embedded reﬂection
We argue that in well-designed SDGs, the
reﬂection and a large part of the debrieﬁng
is actually embedded in the gameplay.

GAMES THAT CHANGE otsohannula.com
ATLAS material

GAMES THAT CHANGE otsohannula.com
ATLAS gameplay

GAMES THAT CHANGE otsohannula.com
1. Choose
2. Read
3. Discuss
4. Answer
5. Integrate
ATLAS game loop
Map
What data gathering
events are you
planning?
Collaborative and
single sessions. E.g. three
diﬀerent user groups will
go through the service
journey and think how it
would ideally go.

GAMES THAT CHANGE otsohannula.com
Debrieﬁng

GAMES THAT CHANGE otsohannula.com
Game
strive to reach
a game goal
dialogue through the
game material
Tool
decouple usual
problems from
usual solutions
think in ways they might
not normally do
Ineﬃcient Eﬃcient

GAMES THAT CHANGE otsohannula.com
Reﬂection-in-action through game mechanics
•  SDGs create ineﬃciency by separating
ideation from the problem context in
either time, space or context
•  If a game is to create wider societal
changes (design in the large), the actual
design of games (design in the small) has
to reﬂect the intended goals
•  The creation of a new distinction can
move the dialogue to a next stage by
using a new word
⇨ SDGs enable reﬂection though self-
distanciation, and disconnecting means
from ends
⇨ SDGs align the design in the small with the
design in the large and foster deeper
understanding of an existing subject
⇨ Rules in design games can be modiﬁed,
enabling transformative play and double-
loop learning where the players create a
game better suited to their needs

GAMES THAT CHANGE otsohannula.com
Thank you and game on!
otso.hannula@gmail.com
@otsohannula
http://otsohannula.com/

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