This document defines and provides examples of various audio effects used in production including reverberation, distortion, talk box, pitch bending, delay, chorus, autotune, tremolo, vibrato, gating, limiting, surround sound, mono, and stereo effects. It explains what each effect is and how it modifies or processes sound. Examples are given to demonstrate how each effect is applied.

1. UNIT 17: AUDIO
PRODUCTION
Effects unit (Definitions from Wikipedia)

2. EFFECT
 Reverberations:
 Reverberation is the persistence of sound in a
particular space after the original sound is removed.

3. REVERBERATION EXAMPLE

4. EFFECT
 Distortions:
 A distortion is the alteration of the original shape (or
other characteristic) of an object, image, sound,
waveform or other form of information or representation.

5. DISTORTION EXAMPLE

6. EFFECT
 Talk box:
 A talk box is an effects unit that allows a musician to
modify the sound of a musical instrument.
 The musician controls the modification by lip syncing, or
by changing the shape of their mouth.

7. TALK BOX EXAMPLE

8. EFFECT
 Pitch bender:
 Portamento is a a vocal slide between two pitches and
its emulation by members of the violin family and certain
wind instruments, and is sometimes used
interchangeably with anticipation.

9. PITCH BENDING EXAMPLE

10. EFFECT
 Delay:
 Delay is an audio effect which records an input signal to
an audio storage medium, and then plays it back after a
period of time.
 The delayed signal may either be played back multiple
times, or played back into the recording again, to create
the sound of a repeating, decaying echo.

11. EFFECT
 Chorus:
 In music, a chorus is when an individual plays/ sings at
the same pitch converge and are perceived as one.
While similar sounds coming from multiple sources can
occur naturally

12. CHORUS EXAMPLE

13. EFFECT
 Autotune:
 Auto-Tune uses a phase vocoder to correct pitch in
vocal and instrumental performances. It is used to
disguise off-key inaccuracies and mistakes, and has
allowed singers to perform apparently perfectly tuned
vocal tracks without needing to sing in tune.

14. AUTOTUNE EXAMPLE

15. EFFECT
 Tremelo:
 Tremolo, or tremolando, is a musical term that describes
various trembling effects, falling roughly into two types.
The first is a rapid reiteration
 Of a single note, particularly used on bowed string instruments
and plucked strings such as harp, where it is called
whispering.
 Between two notes or chords in alternation, an imitation (not to
be confused with a trill) of the preceding that is more common
on keyboard instruments. Mallet instruments such as the
marimba are capable of either method.
 A roll on any percussion instrument, whether tuned or
untuned.

16. TREMELO EXAMPLE

17. EFFECT
 Vibrato:
 Vibrato is a musical effect consisting of a regular,
pulsating change of pitch. It is used to add expression to
vocal and instrumental music. Vibrato is typically
characterised in terms of two factors: the amount of
pitch variation and the speed with which the pitch is
varied.

18. VIBRATO EXAMPLE

19. EFFECT
 Gating:
 Gating is used in sound engineering with oscilloscopes,
analog signal processing and more specifically audio
signal processing.

20. EFFECT
 Limiter:
 In electronics, a limiter is a circuit that allows signals
below a specified input power to pass unaffected while
attenuating the peaks of stronger signals that exceed
this input power.

21. EFFECT
 Surround sound:
 Surround sound encompasses a range of techniques
such as for enriching the sound reproduction quality of
an audio source with audio channels reproduced via
additional, discrete speakers.

22. SURROUND SOUND EXAMPLE

23. EFFECT
 Mono:
 Mono sound, which uses a single channel, as opposed
to stereophonic (or stereo) sound.

24. EFFECT
 Stereo:
 The term Stereophonic, commonly called stereo, sound
refers to any method of sound reproduction in which an
attempt is made to create an illusion of directionality and
audible perspective.

25. STEREO EFFECT