The document discusses the concept of timbre, which refers to the characteristic quality of a sound that allows the human ear to distinguish between different musical instruments playing the same note. Timbre is determined by the complex frequency spectrum of each note, including the relative volumes of different harmonics. Understanding timbre is important in music production, as the goal is to accurately record, store, and reproduce the characteristic timbre of different sounds and instruments. Sonograms provide a visualization of a sound's changing frequency spectrum over time, revealing the differences in timbre between instruments like violins and trumpets.
Anything that moves back and forth makes sound. Moving back and forth is called vibrating. Pluck a guitar string and watch it vibrate back and forth. The vibrations make sound waves.
Anything that moves back and forth makes sound. Moving back and forth is called vibrating. Pluck a guitar string and watch it vibrate back and forth. The vibrations make sound waves.
Business Planning HQ Sample Investor PresentationMarcus Tarrant
Sample Investor Presenation created as a result of Business Planning HQ consulting services. See www.businessplanninghq.com, www.businessplanninghq.com.au, or www.businessplanninghq.co.uk
For details of our services in your country.
Blueseed: the visa-free startup ship 30 minutes from Silicon ValleyBlueseed
More at www.blueseed.com
Twitter: @BlueseedProject
Blueseed is the live/work/play community for 1000 startup entrepreneurs, on a cruise ship to be stationed 30 minutes by ferry from the coast of Silicon Valley. The location allows entrepreneurs from anywhere in the world to start or scale their companies without needing U.S. work visas. Instead, easier-to-obtain B1/B2 business/travel visas will be used to arrive on Blueseed and to visit the mainland.
For more details, please see www.blueseed.com
Please find here the presentation I've realised for VISA EUROPE for my 2d interview of the hiring process :
Initial subject : What position would you recommend to allow Visa to maintain its leadership in payment e.commerce?
Context : 7 days to realize it with my current job
Visa's conclusion of my presentation :
- Presentation was not enough VISA centric (sorry that eCommerce is not focus on Visa)
- I was supposed to explain more the V.me solution which is not yet released/official in Europe : V.me = Paypal copycat (this was not the subject !)
Very good exercise, but very disappointed with Visa methodology and behavior.
Anyway, the presentation is not perfect, but I should have charge VISA Europe.
Because, I 'm not a Visa collaborator, I can share this presentation I've realised.
Don't hesitate to contact me if you have any questions.
Understanding Music Past and PresentN. Alan Clark, PhD .docxwillcoxjanay
Understanding Music
Past and Present
N. Alan Clark, PhD Thomas Heflin, DMA Jeffrey Kluball, EdD Elizabeth Kramer, PhD
Understanding Music
Past and Present
N. Alan Clark, PhD Thomas Heflin, DMA Jeffrey Kluball, EdD Elizabeth Kramer, PhD
Dahlonega, GA
Understanding Music: Past and Present is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribu-
tion-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This license allows you to remix, tweak, and build upon this work, even commercially, as
long as you credit this original source for the creation and license the new creation under
identical terms.
If you reuse this content elsewhere, in order to comply with the attribution requirements of
the license please attribute the original source to the University System of Georgia.
NOTE: The above copyright license which University System of Georgia uses for their
original content does not extend to or include content which was accessed and incorpo-
rated, and which is licensed under various other CC Licenses, such as ND licenses. Nor
does it extend to or include any Special Permissions which were granted to us by the
rightsholders for our use of their content.
Image Disclaimer: All images and figures in this book are believed to be (after a rea-
sonable investigation) either public domain or carry a compatible Creative Commons
license. If you are the copyright owner of images in this book and you have not authorized
the use of your work under these terms, please contact the University of North Georgia
Press at [email protected] to have the content removed.
ISBN: 978-1-940771-33-5
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Music FundaMentals 1
N. Alan Clark, Thomas Heflin, Elizabeth Kramer
Music oF the Middle ages 34
Elizabeth Kramer
Music oF the Renaissance 52
Jeff Kluball
Music oF the BaRoque PeRiod 73
Jeff Kluball and Elizabeth Kramer
Music oF the classical PeRiod 116
Jeff Kluball and Elizabeth Kramer
nineteenth-centuRy Music and RoManticisM 160
Jeff Kluball and Elizabeth Kramer
the twentieth centuRy and Beyond 225
N. Alan Clark and Thomas Heflin
PoPulaR Music in the united states 255
N. Alan Clark and Thomas Heflin
aPPendix 289
glossaRy 298
Table of C onTenTs
Page | 1
1.1 objeCTives
1. Recognize a wide variety of sounds, comparing and contrasting them
using musical elements of pitch, volume, articulation, and timbre.
2. Aurally identify important performing forces (use of the voice and
instruments) of Western music.
3. Define basic elements of melody, harmony, rhythm, and texture and
build a vocabulary for discussing them.
4. Identify basic principles and types of musical form.
5. Listen to music and describe its musical elements and form.
6. Compare and contrast categories of art music, folk music, and pop music ...
Chapter 46Charles Ives The Unanswered Question Composed.docxrobertad6
Chapter 46Charles Ives
The Unanswered Question
Composed: 1908
Ives, like other modernists working in the early twentieth century, was trying to
find new means of musical expression that went beyond standard conventions of
harmony and melody. Nowhere is this struggle between old and new styles more
evident than in The Unanswered Question.
Listen to the Text
Composer Profile: Charles Ives
Listen to the Text
Ives (1874–1954) both absorbed and rebelled against almost every musical
tradition of his time. The son of a Civil War bandmaster, he grew up in Danbury,
Connecticut, where he learned many different kinds of music: the orchestral
repertory of the concert hall, church hymns, band music, and popular songs in the
parlors of the town's homes. Ives worked all of these idioms into his own music,
often in the same work.
As a composer, Ives's career path also went against the grain. If a composer “has a
nice wife and some nice children,” he once asked, “how can he let them starve on
his dissonances?” His “day job” was in insurance, and as it turned out, Ives did
quite well for himself. He composed in his spare time, but his music was rarely
performed or published during his lifetime. Declining health forced him to more or
less give up composition after 1918. Only toward the end of his life did critics and
performers begin to take note of his music. By the time he died, he was recognized
as a pioneer who had challenged convention and gone against the grain well before
other American composers would take up the cause of modernism.
Charles Ives in his study, ca. 1947. He would not achieve widespread fame as a
composer until after his death, when he began to be recognized as one of the
pioneers of musical modernism.
Exploring The Unanswered Question
Listen to the Text
First, listen to Ives's composition, using the following prompts as a guide. Then
read the discussion of how the elements of music operate in this piece.
• Timbre: Listen for the distinctive sound of three different groups of
instruments: strings, solo trumpet, and a quartet of wind instruments (two flutes
and two clarinets).
• Melody: How many distinct themes can you identify?
• Texture: Listen for the layered texture of these instruments. Notice that the
strings play continuously, while the trumpet and the quartet of winds come and
go.
• Harmony: Which group plays the most conventional-sounding musical
harmonies? Which plays the most unconventional musical harmonies?
♫ Listen to This First
Charles Ives, The Unanswered Question
Contrasting Timbres
The music is performed by three contrasting groups of instruments:
• Strings: A small string orchestra of violins, violas, cellos, and double basses
plays throughout the entire work from beginning to end, without pause.
• Solo trumpet: A single trumpet interjects what Ives called “The Unanswered
Question” at five different points over the course o.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
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Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
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In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
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Music prod1
1. Hello, let me introduce myself, I am Fabien Viale from Nice, France. This
lesson is for week 1 of Introduction To Music Production at Coursera.org. I
will be teaching some knowledge on audio basis, especially focused on the
notion of timbre. Please excuse me in advance for grammar or vocabulary
mistakes, as English is not my first language.
1) What color is Sound?
This question was asked to Radio Luxembourg listeners concerning Pink Floyd
first radio hit "Arnold Layne". Listeners where asked to guess which hue
the song suggested.
Musicians may have already an idea of what would be the "color" of a song.
Musically speaking, we know that different scales (major, minor) produce
different moods from bright, happy, to dark, melancholic.
But as there is a color to music, there is also a color to individual
sounds inside the music. "timbre" is the answer to this question : "What
color is sound?"
A piano, an electric guitar with a clean sound, an e-guitar with
distortion, all playing the same note (pitch) will definitely not sound the
same. All of them will have a different audio imprint that we call timbre.
It is important to notice that the notion of timbre is closely related to
human audio perception. It is "how" the human perceive the difference
between a flute and a clarinet playing the same note. It is thus a term of
psychoacoustics. The real physical characteristics of sound that determine
the perception of timbre include spectrum and envelope. The spectrum is the
decomposition of a sound in terms of frequencies, and the envelope is how
the volume of the sound varies in time. The timbre of a sound is
traditionally visualized with a Sonogram, which displays the evolution of
the spectrum (energy per frequency) over time.
2) What causes timbre?
The perception of different timbre between different musical instruments is
due to the fact that each note from a musical instrument is a complex wave
containing more than one frequency. If there was only one frequency
involved when playing a note, the notion of timbre could not exist and a
piano playing an A at 440Hz would sound exactly like a trumpet playing the
same note, and would sound like a sinus wave.
It is the characteristics of a sound with relation to its frequencies which
makes the timbre. And by characteristics we mean as well “character”. The
character of a timbre for example would be that it has plenty of energy on
some specific frequencies, and very little on others. For example a drum
kick will have plenty of energy on the low end spectrum, where a charley
would be much more concentrated on the high end.
It could be as well that its attack is brutal (like a snare drum) or smooth
(like a violin).
Timbre is not only related to musical instruments, it can describe any
sound. The human voice has a timbre, and that's why we are able to
recognize the voice of one person or another. A singing bird has a timbre,
as well as a train passing by.
2. 3) There is timbre and timbre.
There is one specific property of the sound that has fascinated humans for
millenniums.
We know that the sound is a vibration of the air. In most cases, this
vibration is chaotic. But in some cases, this vibration is well ordered and
follows the mathematical property of a periodical movement. And this
periodical movement of air is pleasant to human ears, probably because it
is rare, different than the common chaotic movements.
It is the same thing which happens when a stone is thrown in the middle of
a calm lake. Circular periodic waves appear progressively starting from the
stone impact. And people would stop and watch it, as being something
pleasant to contemplate. If the wind comes, those periodic waves would be
replaced by scattered, chaotic waves, which is not as pleasant to our eyes
(well that’s a matter of taste).
In term of sound, this analogy refers respectively to music and noise.
Music is the harmonic periodical movement and noise is the chaotic
movement.
So we would imagine, ok cool, so now we know what’s beautiful and what’s
not, let’s do some cool stuff with pure sinusoidal waves! Even if you
haven’t tried yet to create something beautiful with only sinusoidal waves,
I’m sure you get the picture to how boring it would sound like!
And there comes the complexity of human nature, we need order, but not too
much, we need as well excitement, movement. In music, all this excitement
comes from:
- The volume of each harmonic (integer multiplier) of the fundamental
pitch of the sound. Some musical sounds have all there harmonics (1x,
2x, 3x, 4x, etc), other sounds have only even harmonics (1x, 2x, 4x,
6x, etc). there are as many possible combinations as we could think.
- The presence of noise-like artifacts (transients). For example, we
can sometimes appreciate to hear the hammering noise on a piano, the
blowing attack on a flute, etc.
- The evolution of all this in time
In the sonograms below, we see how the timbre of a violin compares to the timbre of a trumpet.
Where the violint has a long range of harmonics slowly decaying from the fundamental all the way to
15 kHz, the trumpet has its first three harmonics with a lot of energy, but decays rapidly afterwards
and don’t produce harmonics above 9kHz.
1 - Trumpet
2 - Violin
3. Finally in the figure below, we see two other examples of timbre. The left one is the noise produced
by creasing a scrap of paper. You can see it there is not much white in it. It means it has nearly all
frequencies possible. We call that a “white” noise and it’s very often use in order to test the
spectrum response of an audio equipment or a room. The right one shows vowels sang by a human.
4 - Paper noise
3 - Vowels
In conclusion, the timbre is the imprint of sounds, it defines their color, their character, how they
evolve in time. Understanding the principals behind the concept of timbre is essential in music
production. The purpose of the audio chain is exactly that, how could we record, store, and diffuse
the timbre of an existing sound ? How can we shape it to our need ?