This document reviews the effective use of sawdust and waste glass powder in establishing a sustainable foamed concrete brick. Foamed concrete is lightweight and offers benefits like thermal insulation and material savings due to its porous structure. Sawdust from timber processing and waste glass powder can be used in foamed concrete to improve its mechanical and physical properties. The objectives of the study are to evaluate the characteristics and properties of foamed concrete bricks containing sawdust and glass powder and to produce a sustainable brick for construction. Several studies on foamed concrete properties and the effects of additives like fly ash are summarized.
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This document reviews research on using lightweight aggregates to produce lightweight concrete as a more sustainable alternative to normal concrete. It discusses how lightweight concrete can be produced using natural or man-made lightweight aggregates, or by adding chemicals to create air voids. Some key advantages of lightweight concrete mentioned include reduced dead weight, transportation and lifting costs, and improved thermal and sound insulation properties. Several studies are then summarized that investigated properties of lightweight concrete made with various industrial byproducts like fly ash and glass fibers as aggregates. These studies found that initial water curing affected compressive strength, and that lightweight concrete made in this way met structural requirements while having benefits like higher workability and lower density compared to normal concrete.
Non structural Light weight concrete using combined mix of expanded polystyre...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on producing lightweight concrete using a combination of expanded polystyrene beads and expanded clay aggregates. The study aims to develop an optimized mix design for M20 grade lightweight concrete. Various mixes were produced by replacing coarse aggregates with different percentages of expanded clay aggregates and polystyrene beads. The mixes were then tested to evaluate properties like compressive strength, thermal conductivity, and water absorption. The results showed that using fly ash and GGBS reduced water demand and shrinkage but also reduced compressive strength by 25-50%. In general, the lightweight concrete produced had a density less than 1800kg/m3 and compressive strengths up to 36.19MPa, making it a viable material for construction
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This document presents an experimental study on the compressive strength of foam concrete with quarry dust and fly ash. Foam concrete is a type of lightweight concrete with lower density and strength compared to conventional concrete. It is created by uniformly distributing air bubbles throughout the concrete mass. The study investigates the influence of varying foam concrete densities (800-1800 kg/m3) on compressive strength. Quarry dust is used as a partial replacement for sand. Sodium lauryl sulphate foam is used to vary the concrete density. Three mix designs are used with different cementitious material contents and replacements of sand with quarry dust. The results are discussed to determine the optimum foam content for decreased density and compressive strength
This document provides a review of research on producing floating concrete using lightweight materials like expanded polystyrene beads and pumice stone. It summarizes 10 previous studies that investigated using these materials to partially replace traditional aggregates in concrete. The studies found that this could produce concrete with compressive strengths and densities low enough to float. Replacing more traditional materials increased workability but decreased strength. Proportions and sizes of replacement materials affected properties. Overall, the studies showed it is possible to create floating concrete for applications like building barges and slabs.
Foam concrete has become most trending material in construction industry. People from construction field were come
out with the mix design of foam concrete to meet the specifications and the requirement needs. This is because foam concrete
has the possibility as alternative of lightweight concrete for producing intermediate strength capabilities with excellent thermal
insulation, freeze-thaw resistance, high impact resistance and good shock absorption. Fibres are generally used in concrete to
reduce the crackings due to plastic and drying shrinkages. They also reduce the permeability of concrete and thus reduce
bleeding of water. The inclusion of fibre reinforcement in concrete can enhance many more engineering properties of the basic
materials, Such as fracture toughness, flexural toughness, flexural strength and resistance to fatigue, impact, thermal shock and
spalling. From the practical observations on addition of 2% of fibre gives the effective distribution of fibre in the concrete. The
strain value of the concrete is decreases with increase in fibre content.
Experimental Study on Geopolymer Concrete Using Waste Ceramic Powder: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the use of waste ceramic powder to produce geopolymer concrete as a more sustainable alternative to traditional Portland cement concrete. Geopolymer concrete is formed through a polycondensation process that uses alkali-activating solutions and aluminosilicate materials like fly ash as binders instead of Portland cement. The document reviews literature on using fly ash and blast furnace slag in geopolymer concrete. It then outlines the objectives and needs of the study, which are to utilize waste ceramic powder from tile production as a supplementary cementitious material in geopolymer concrete and to evaluate its mechanical properties.
IRJET- Workability and Strength Properties of SCC Made with Processed RCAIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the workability and strength properties of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) made with processed recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). The study investigated how replacing natural coarse aggregates in SCC with 0-50% RCA in 10% intervals impacted properties. Tests were conducted on M30 and M40 grade SCC mixes. The results showed that workability parameters like flowability and passing ability were influenced by the amount of RCA used. Compressive and tensile strengths generally decreased with higher RCA replacement levels. The study aimed to evaluate the suitability of using RCA in SCC.
This document summarizes research on crumb rubber concrete blocks. The research aims to address challenges in producing concrete with crumb rubber from tires and to improve its properties. Concrete mixes with 5%, 7.5%, and 10% crumb rubber were tested at 7 and 28 days. Compressive and tensile strengths were initially lower than conventional concrete but increased with the addition of silica fume. The document concludes that crumb rubber concrete blocks with 5% rubber and silica fume can be used in colder regions due to increased durability, abrasion resistance, and reduced impacts of freezing and thawing. The research helps advance the use of waste tire rubber in concrete applications.
PERFORMANCE OF LIGHT WEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE- A REVIEWIRJET Journal
This document reviews research on using lightweight aggregates to produce lightweight concrete as a more sustainable alternative to normal concrete. It discusses how lightweight concrete can be produced using natural or man-made lightweight aggregates, or by adding chemicals to create air voids. Some key advantages of lightweight concrete mentioned include reduced dead weight, transportation and lifting costs, and improved thermal and sound insulation properties. Several studies are then summarized that investigated properties of lightweight concrete made with various industrial byproducts like fly ash and glass fibers as aggregates. These studies found that initial water curing affected compressive strength, and that lightweight concrete made in this way met structural requirements while having benefits like higher workability and lower density compared to normal concrete.
Non structural Light weight concrete using combined mix of expanded polystyre...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on producing lightweight concrete using a combination of expanded polystyrene beads and expanded clay aggregates. The study aims to develop an optimized mix design for M20 grade lightweight concrete. Various mixes were produced by replacing coarse aggregates with different percentages of expanded clay aggregates and polystyrene beads. The mixes were then tested to evaluate properties like compressive strength, thermal conductivity, and water absorption. The results showed that using fly ash and GGBS reduced water demand and shrinkage but also reduced compressive strength by 25-50%. In general, the lightweight concrete produced had a density less than 1800kg/m3 and compressive strengths up to 36.19MPa, making it a viable material for construction
IRJET- Experimental Study of Compressive Strength on Foam Concrete with Q...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the compressive strength of foam concrete with quarry dust and fly ash. Foam concrete is a type of lightweight concrete with lower density and strength compared to conventional concrete. It is created by uniformly distributing air bubbles throughout the concrete mass. The study investigates the influence of varying foam concrete densities (800-1800 kg/m3) on compressive strength. Quarry dust is used as a partial replacement for sand. Sodium lauryl sulphate foam is used to vary the concrete density. Three mix designs are used with different cementitious material contents and replacements of sand with quarry dust. The results are discussed to determine the optimum foam content for decreased density and compressive strength
This document provides a review of research on producing floating concrete using lightweight materials like expanded polystyrene beads and pumice stone. It summarizes 10 previous studies that investigated using these materials to partially replace traditional aggregates in concrete. The studies found that this could produce concrete with compressive strengths and densities low enough to float. Replacing more traditional materials increased workability but decreased strength. Proportions and sizes of replacement materials affected properties. Overall, the studies showed it is possible to create floating concrete for applications like building barges and slabs.
Foam concrete has become most trending material in construction industry. People from construction field were come
out with the mix design of foam concrete to meet the specifications and the requirement needs. This is because foam concrete
has the possibility as alternative of lightweight concrete for producing intermediate strength capabilities with excellent thermal
insulation, freeze-thaw resistance, high impact resistance and good shock absorption. Fibres are generally used in concrete to
reduce the crackings due to plastic and drying shrinkages. They also reduce the permeability of concrete and thus reduce
bleeding of water. The inclusion of fibre reinforcement in concrete can enhance many more engineering properties of the basic
materials, Such as fracture toughness, flexural toughness, flexural strength and resistance to fatigue, impact, thermal shock and
spalling. From the practical observations on addition of 2% of fibre gives the effective distribution of fibre in the concrete. The
strain value of the concrete is decreases with increase in fibre content.
Experimental Study on Geopolymer Concrete Using Waste Ceramic Powder: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the use of waste ceramic powder to produce geopolymer concrete as a more sustainable alternative to traditional Portland cement concrete. Geopolymer concrete is formed through a polycondensation process that uses alkali-activating solutions and aluminosilicate materials like fly ash as binders instead of Portland cement. The document reviews literature on using fly ash and blast furnace slag in geopolymer concrete. It then outlines the objectives and needs of the study, which are to utilize waste ceramic powder from tile production as a supplementary cementitious material in geopolymer concrete and to evaluate its mechanical properties.
IRJET- Workability and Strength Properties of SCC Made with Processed RCAIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the workability and strength properties of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) made with processed recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). The study investigated how replacing natural coarse aggregates in SCC with 0-50% RCA in 10% intervals impacted properties. Tests were conducted on M30 and M40 grade SCC mixes. The results showed that workability parameters like flowability and passing ability were influenced by the amount of RCA used. Compressive and tensile strengths generally decreased with higher RCA replacement levels. The study aimed to evaluate the suitability of using RCA in SCC.
This document summarizes research on crumb rubber concrete blocks. The research aims to address challenges in producing concrete with crumb rubber from tires and to improve its properties. Concrete mixes with 5%, 7.5%, and 10% crumb rubber were tested at 7 and 28 days. Compressive and tensile strengths were initially lower than conventional concrete but increased with the addition of silica fume. The document concludes that crumb rubber concrete blocks with 5% rubber and silica fume can be used in colder regions due to increased durability, abrasion resistance, and reduced impacts of freezing and thawing. The research helps advance the use of waste tire rubber in concrete applications.
Green Concrete: An alternate building materialIRJET Journal
This document discusses green concrete as an alternative building material. It begins by defining green concrete as concrete produced using recycled concrete waste and other industrial byproducts to reduce environmental impact. It then discusses various materials that can be used in green concrete production, including:
- Glass from waste streams, which can replace up to 20% of cement.
- Fly ash from coal power plants, which can replace up to 30% of cement and produces less heat than traditional concrete.
- Recycled concrete and masonry aggregates that perform similarly to traditional aggregates.
- Plastic waste that has potential as a composite material but further research is needed.
- Marble dust waste that shows promise as a filler material to reduce costs
REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH FLY ASH AND STEEL FIBER IN RIGID PAVEMENTIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that analyzed the behavior of concrete with a mix design of M20 grade that partially replaced cement with 10-30% fly ash and included the addition of 0.5-1.5% steel fiber. Tests were performed to determine the effect on compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength. The highest strengths were achieved with 10% fly ash replacement and 1.5% steel fiber addition. Replacing more than 10% cement with fly ash resulted in lower strengths. The addition of steel fiber and fly ash improved strengths due to pozzolanic reactions and fiber bonding within the concrete.
IRJET - Study on Partial Replacement of Cement by Ground Granulated Blast Fur...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a study on partially replacing cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and adding carbon fibers to concrete. The main objective is to design M30 grade concrete and test the strength and durability by replacing 40% of cement with GGBS and adding 0-1.5% carbon fibers by volume. Test results showed increases in compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths of the carbon fiber reinforced concrete. Literature on the uses of GGBS and carbon fibers in concrete is also reviewed, finding that GGBS replacement between 40-45% and carbon fiber addition can improve strength and durability. The study aims to determine how GGBS and carbon fibers affect the mechanical and
STRENGTH STUDIES OF PAVEMENTS WITH FLY ASH AND STEEL FIBER AS REPLACING CEMENTIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the strength properties of concrete containing fly ash and steel fibers. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in thermal power plants in India. Using fly ash to partially replace cement in concrete can help address the problem of fly ash disposal. The study aims to evaluate the compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, and workability of concrete with 10-30% fly ash replacement and 0.5-1.5% steel fiber addition. Previous research found that fly ash and steel fibers can increase the strength and durability of concrete. The current study tests concrete mixtures to analyze the effect of varying fly ash and steel fiber content on different concrete properties.
STRENGTH STUDIES OF PAVEMENTS WITH FLY ASH AND STEEL FIBER AS REPLACING CEMENTIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the strength properties of concrete containing fly ash and steel fibers. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in thermal power plants in India. Using fly ash to partially replace cement in concrete can help address the problem of fly ash disposal. The study aims to evaluate the compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, and workability of concrete with 10-30% fly ash replacement and 0.5-1.5% steel fiber addition. Previous research found that fly ash and steel fibers can increase the strength and durability of concrete. The current study tests concrete mixtures to analyze the effect of varying fly ash and steel fiber content on different concrete properties.
Comparison of glass fiber reinforced concrete & geopolymer concrete with ...eSAT Journals
Abstract In the world most commonly used as well as durable material is concrete. In the field of concrete technology, glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) is the recently introduced material. GFRC has many advantages such as light weight material, steel reinforcement corrosion free and structural deterioration free. So, these are the reason the researchers all over the globe are attempting to develop high performance concrete with the use of glass fibers as well as admixtures. While the combination of fly ash, alkaline liquids, fine and coarse aggregate and glass fibers resulted in the product called as Glass Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete (GFRGC). This product has many advantages such as high early strength, corrosion and sulphate resistance and low shrinkage. The present work has compared the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength for GFRC and GFRGC. From this comparison it is observed that except for the flexural strength the normal concrete with the addition of glass fibers shown good results as compared to the geopolymer concrete with the addition of glass fibers. This work is only an accumulation of information about GFRC and the research work which is already carried out by other researchers. Key Words: GFRC, GC, Geopolymer Concrete, Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Glass Fiber Reinforcement
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET- Utilization of Various Industrial Waste Materials as Filler in Aerated...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the utilization of various industrial waste materials as fillers in aerated concrete. Aerated concrete, or foam concrete, is a lightweight concrete made by mixing cement, sand, and an aerating agent that creates air pockets. Using industrial wastes as partial replacements for fine aggregates can further reduce the density of aerated concrete while providing strength benefits and reducing non-recyclable waste. The document discusses the production of aerated concrete and examines literature on using waste materials like quarry dust, rubber crumbs, and plastic granules in aerated concrete mixes. Strength testing shows these materials can improve compressive strength when used as partial substitutes for fine aggregates.
IRJET- Construction and Properties of Foamed Concrete with FlyashIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the construction and properties of foamed concrete with flyash. Foamed concrete is produced by mixing cement, flyash, water and pre-formed foam. The study explored how the density, compressive strength and water absorption of foamed concrete blocks varied at different densities ranging from 1200 to 1800 kg/m3. The results showed that compressive strength increases with density and age, while water absorption decreases with higher density. Using flyash improved the properties of foamed concrete. The study concluded that the mix proportions used can produce partition walls but not structural elements due to low compressive strength.
IRJET- Partial Replacement of Aggregates in Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated partially replacing aggregates in geopolymer concrete with industrial waste materials. Geopolymer concrete was produced by completely replacing ordinary Portland cement with fly ash. Fine aggregate was partially replaced with charcoal powder and coarse aggregate was partially replaced with crushed coconut shells. Specimens with 0%, 10%, and 20% aggregate replacement were tested for compressive, tensile, and flexural strength at 7 and 28 days. The 10% replacement mix achieved the highest compressive strength at 28 days. Strength generally decreased as replacement increased. However, using waste materials can reduce environmental impacts while providing adequate strength for construction applications.
IRJET- Study on Utilization of Waste Plastic as Fibres in Fibre Reinforced Co...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using waste plastic as fibers in fiber reinforced concrete. It begins by outlining the large quantities of plastic waste generated worldwide and its adverse environmental effects. Previous studies have shown plastic waste can partially replace other materials in concrete without significantly affecting its properties. The objectives of this study are to examine how different waste plastics impact the strength, durability, and other properties of fiber reinforced concrete when used as fibers. It then reviews several previous studies that tested using various plastic wastes in concrete and found it can improve some properties like strength and decrease weight. The usage of plastic fibers in concrete is discussed as an efficient way to improve its mechanical properties while providing an outlet for plastic waste.
IRJET - A Review Paper on Comparative Study of Lightweight Concrete and Reinf...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of lightweight concrete and compares it to reinforced concrete. It discusses that lightweight concrete has a lower density than conventional concrete, which reduces dead load and transportation costs. The main types of lightweight concrete are no-fines concrete, lightweight aggregate concrete, and aerated concrete. The document summarizes several studies that found lightweight concrete to have lower compressive strength but adequate properties for structural use. It provides information on the density, modulus of elasticity, flexural strength, and other properties of lightweight concrete. The conclusion is that lightweight concrete is an economical alternative to normal weight concrete for construction.
The document discusses a study on the behavior of beams made with concrete where 10% of the coarse aggregate is replaced with waste rubber. Beams were cast with normal concrete and rubberized concrete. The rubberized concrete beams were tested and their load vs deflection behavior, initial cracking load, ultimate load, and stress-strain curves were compared to normal concrete beams. The results showed that using 10% rubber replacement led to an up to 10% reduction in ultimate load capacity but higher initial cracking loads. Thus, partially replacing coarse aggregate with waste rubber can help utilize waste while maintaining much of the strength of normal concrete.
This document summarizes a project report on strengthening concrete blocks with the addition of rubber scrap and coconut shells. The report describes testing concrete blocks containing 5% rubber scrap replacing coarse aggregate. Fly ash was also added, varying from 0-20% replacing cement. The project aimed to reuse rubber waste and study the properties of rubberized concrete blocks. Testing found rubberized concrete more durable but weaker, with lower strength than ordinary concrete. Adding silica increased strength. Properties of concrete with 10-20% coarse aggregate replaced with coconut shells were also studied. Results showed lower strength but higher absorption in coconut shell concrete compared to normal concrete. The addition of fly ash and steel fibers improved mechanical properties. This study explored using waste materials like rubber and
Effect of Steel Slag as Partial Replacement of Cement on Property of Concreteijtsrd
A well maintained infrastructure is a fundamental necessity for a modern society that provides great value, but ensuring that it meets all the requirements is challenging. Concrete as a construction material is in use for several decades. Concrete can withstand the severest environments and engineers are constantly trying to improve its performance with the aid of modern admixtures and waste materials with or without cementious properties. The use of waste material in concrete helps to consume these waste materials and also improves the properties of concrete in fresh and hydrated states.Civil structures are designed considering the target compressive strength of the concrete. Although, few other parameters such as workability, water to cement ratio, setting time of cement and surface hardness influence the performance of concrete.In the present research a series of experiments had been performed to compare the use of Steel Slag as partial replacement of cement in different proportions. Concrete mixes are modified by 5 10 , 15 , 20 and 25 of Steel Slag as replacement of cement.The main conclusions drawn are inclusion of Steel Slag increases the compressive strength up to a certain proportion and then reduces the strength. Steel powder increases the strength but reduces the workability. Comparatively higher early strength gain 3 days, 14 days, 28 days is obtained with Steel Slag concrete. Pushpa | Mr. Ravi Prakash Sharma "Effect of Steel Slag as Partial Replacement of Cement on Property of Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49129.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/49129/effect-of-steel-slag-as-partial-replacement-of-cement-on-property-of-concrete/pushpa
IRJET - A Review on the Effect of GGBS on Aerated Concrete Building BlocksIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of aerated concrete building blocks. It begins with an abstract that describes aerated concrete as a lightweight cement or lime mortar that contains air voids created using an aerating agent like aluminum powder. The document then reviews the classification, properties, and literature around aerated concrete blocks. It finds that aerated concrete blocks have advantages over conventional concrete blocks like reduced weight and improved insulation, but often have insufficient strength and high water absorption that can cause issues. The paper examines using ground granulated blast furnace slag to partially replace the cement in aerated concrete to address these issues.
Study on Alccofine based High Strength Self-compacting Fibrous Concrete- A re...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on alccofine-based high strength self-compacting fibrous concrete. It begins with an introduction to high strength concrete, fibrous concrete, self-compacting concrete, and the benefits of fibrous reinforced self-compacting concrete. It then summarizes 13 research papers on topics including replacing aggregates with waste materials, using hybrid fibers, determining optimal fiber contents, and using mineral admixtures like fly ash and alccofine. The conclusion discusses how alccofine can increase self-compatibility and early strength of self-compacting concrete mixes and how fibers can improve tensile strength, ductility, and crack resistance.
IRJET - An Experimantal Study on Behaviour of Hollow Fly Ash Concrete Blocks ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the behavior of hollow fly ash concrete blocks as a replacement for conventional bricks. Various mix designs were tested to improve the mechanical properties of the blocks. The compressive strength, water absorption, modulus of rupture, and dry density of newly manufactured hollow fly ash concrete blocks were compared to traditionally made blocks. Results showed that the proposed mix ratios significantly increased the compressive strength and decreased the water absorption of the hollow fly ash concrete blocks compared to the original mixes. Sixteen blocks were tested based on four mix designs with varying fly ash content. The mix with 20% fly ash content performed best in terms of compressive strength and other properties.
Using tyres wastes as aggregates in concrete to form rubcrete – mix for engin...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents the results, obtained after replacement of fine and coarse aggregates, in concrete mix, with tyre rubber. The tyre rubber, which has been used in the present study, is obtained after the mechanical trituration process of post – consumed tyres from trucks. Researchers have investigated, over the years, the use of recycled tyre rubber waste as a replacement for aggregate in concrete and its effectiveness. “Rubcrete-Mix” which would result from such replacement is found to have many engineering applications and holds promise in future. Rubcrete also possesses good mechanical properties and is considered to be one of the best and economical ways of recycling the used tyres. The present experimental study has the aim of arriving at the optimum quantity of the replacement material for the aggregates in concrete mixtures, for various engineering applications. For achieving a proper bond with the surrounding concrete paste, the recycled aggregates have been designed with respect to their size, shape and gradation. With the water – cement ratio being kept constant fine and coarse aggregate has been replaced with tyre rubber powder and chipped rubber and also cement has been replaced with silica fume. In preparing the concrete, Portland slag cement has been used along with super plasticizer less than 1% by weight of cement to achieve required workability of the resulting concrete. Furthermore, durability studies have been conducted and mixes have been designed for M30 grade concrete. Keywords: Concrete Mix, Mechanical Properties, Rubber Powder, Chipped Rubber, Silica fume.
IRJET- Behaviourial Study of the Concrete on Partial Replacement of Cement by...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a study on the behavioral effects of partially replacing cement with fly ash in concrete. Fly ash is a byproduct of burning coal that can be used as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete. The study investigated replacing cement at levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% by weight with fly ash in M20 grade concrete mixes. Concrete cubes were cast and tested for compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that compressive strength decreased with higher levels of fly ash replacement but was maintained at replacement levels up to 20-30%. Overall, the study aimed to determine the optimum level of fly ash replacement in concrete mixtures to reduce cement usage while maintaining adequate strength.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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- Fly ash from coal power plants, which can replace up to 30% of cement and produces less heat than traditional concrete.
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This document discusses a study on the strength properties of concrete containing fly ash and steel fibers. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in thermal power plants in India. Using fly ash to partially replace cement in concrete can help address the problem of fly ash disposal. The study aims to evaluate the compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, and workability of concrete with 10-30% fly ash replacement and 0.5-1.5% steel fiber addition. Previous research found that fly ash and steel fibers can increase the strength and durability of concrete. The current study tests concrete mixtures to analyze the effect of varying fly ash and steel fiber content on different concrete properties.
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Abstract In the world most commonly used as well as durable material is concrete. In the field of concrete technology, glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) is the recently introduced material. GFRC has many advantages such as light weight material, steel reinforcement corrosion free and structural deterioration free. So, these are the reason the researchers all over the globe are attempting to develop high performance concrete with the use of glass fibers as well as admixtures. While the combination of fly ash, alkaline liquids, fine and coarse aggregate and glass fibers resulted in the product called as Glass Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete (GFRGC). This product has many advantages such as high early strength, corrosion and sulphate resistance and low shrinkage. The present work has compared the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength for GFRC and GFRGC. From this comparison it is observed that except for the flexural strength the normal concrete with the addition of glass fibers shown good results as compared to the geopolymer concrete with the addition of glass fibers. This work is only an accumulation of information about GFRC and the research work which is already carried out by other researchers. Key Words: GFRC, GC, Geopolymer Concrete, Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Glass Fiber Reinforcement
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
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IRJET- Construction and Properties of Foamed Concrete with FlyashIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the construction and properties of foamed concrete with flyash. Foamed concrete is produced by mixing cement, flyash, water and pre-formed foam. The study explored how the density, compressive strength and water absorption of foamed concrete blocks varied at different densities ranging from 1200 to 1800 kg/m3. The results showed that compressive strength increases with density and age, while water absorption decreases with higher density. Using flyash improved the properties of foamed concrete. The study concluded that the mix proportions used can produce partition walls but not structural elements due to low compressive strength.
IRJET- Partial Replacement of Aggregates in Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated partially replacing aggregates in geopolymer concrete with industrial waste materials. Geopolymer concrete was produced by completely replacing ordinary Portland cement with fly ash. Fine aggregate was partially replaced with charcoal powder and coarse aggregate was partially replaced with crushed coconut shells. Specimens with 0%, 10%, and 20% aggregate replacement were tested for compressive, tensile, and flexural strength at 7 and 28 days. The 10% replacement mix achieved the highest compressive strength at 28 days. Strength generally decreased as replacement increased. However, using waste materials can reduce environmental impacts while providing adequate strength for construction applications.
IRJET- Study on Utilization of Waste Plastic as Fibres in Fibre Reinforced Co...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using waste plastic as fibers in fiber reinforced concrete. It begins by outlining the large quantities of plastic waste generated worldwide and its adverse environmental effects. Previous studies have shown plastic waste can partially replace other materials in concrete without significantly affecting its properties. The objectives of this study are to examine how different waste plastics impact the strength, durability, and other properties of fiber reinforced concrete when used as fibers. It then reviews several previous studies that tested using various plastic wastes in concrete and found it can improve some properties like strength and decrease weight. The usage of plastic fibers in concrete is discussed as an efficient way to improve its mechanical properties while providing an outlet for plastic waste.
IRJET - A Review Paper on Comparative Study of Lightweight Concrete and Reinf...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of lightweight concrete and compares it to reinforced concrete. It discusses that lightweight concrete has a lower density than conventional concrete, which reduces dead load and transportation costs. The main types of lightweight concrete are no-fines concrete, lightweight aggregate concrete, and aerated concrete. The document summarizes several studies that found lightweight concrete to have lower compressive strength but adequate properties for structural use. It provides information on the density, modulus of elasticity, flexural strength, and other properties of lightweight concrete. The conclusion is that lightweight concrete is an economical alternative to normal weight concrete for construction.
The document discusses a study on the behavior of beams made with concrete where 10% of the coarse aggregate is replaced with waste rubber. Beams were cast with normal concrete and rubberized concrete. The rubberized concrete beams were tested and their load vs deflection behavior, initial cracking load, ultimate load, and stress-strain curves were compared to normal concrete beams. The results showed that using 10% rubber replacement led to an up to 10% reduction in ultimate load capacity but higher initial cracking loads. Thus, partially replacing coarse aggregate with waste rubber can help utilize waste while maintaining much of the strength of normal concrete.
This document summarizes a project report on strengthening concrete blocks with the addition of rubber scrap and coconut shells. The report describes testing concrete blocks containing 5% rubber scrap replacing coarse aggregate. Fly ash was also added, varying from 0-20% replacing cement. The project aimed to reuse rubber waste and study the properties of rubberized concrete blocks. Testing found rubberized concrete more durable but weaker, with lower strength than ordinary concrete. Adding silica increased strength. Properties of concrete with 10-20% coarse aggregate replaced with coconut shells were also studied. Results showed lower strength but higher absorption in coconut shell concrete compared to normal concrete. The addition of fly ash and steel fibers improved mechanical properties. This study explored using waste materials like rubber and
Effect of Steel Slag as Partial Replacement of Cement on Property of Concreteijtsrd
A well maintained infrastructure is a fundamental necessity for a modern society that provides great value, but ensuring that it meets all the requirements is challenging. Concrete as a construction material is in use for several decades. Concrete can withstand the severest environments and engineers are constantly trying to improve its performance with the aid of modern admixtures and waste materials with or without cementious properties. The use of waste material in concrete helps to consume these waste materials and also improves the properties of concrete in fresh and hydrated states.Civil structures are designed considering the target compressive strength of the concrete. Although, few other parameters such as workability, water to cement ratio, setting time of cement and surface hardness influence the performance of concrete.In the present research a series of experiments had been performed to compare the use of Steel Slag as partial replacement of cement in different proportions. Concrete mixes are modified by 5 10 , 15 , 20 and 25 of Steel Slag as replacement of cement.The main conclusions drawn are inclusion of Steel Slag increases the compressive strength up to a certain proportion and then reduces the strength. Steel powder increases the strength but reduces the workability. Comparatively higher early strength gain 3 days, 14 days, 28 days is obtained with Steel Slag concrete. Pushpa | Mr. Ravi Prakash Sharma "Effect of Steel Slag as Partial Replacement of Cement on Property of Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49129.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/49129/effect-of-steel-slag-as-partial-replacement-of-cement-on-property-of-concrete/pushpa
IRJET - A Review on the Effect of GGBS on Aerated Concrete Building BlocksIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of aerated concrete building blocks. It begins with an abstract that describes aerated concrete as a lightweight cement or lime mortar that contains air voids created using an aerating agent like aluminum powder. The document then reviews the classification, properties, and literature around aerated concrete blocks. It finds that aerated concrete blocks have advantages over conventional concrete blocks like reduced weight and improved insulation, but often have insufficient strength and high water absorption that can cause issues. The paper examines using ground granulated blast furnace slag to partially replace the cement in aerated concrete to address these issues.
Study on Alccofine based High Strength Self-compacting Fibrous Concrete- A re...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on alccofine-based high strength self-compacting fibrous concrete. It begins with an introduction to high strength concrete, fibrous concrete, self-compacting concrete, and the benefits of fibrous reinforced self-compacting concrete. It then summarizes 13 research papers on topics including replacing aggregates with waste materials, using hybrid fibers, determining optimal fiber contents, and using mineral admixtures like fly ash and alccofine. The conclusion discusses how alccofine can increase self-compatibility and early strength of self-compacting concrete mixes and how fibers can improve tensile strength, ductility, and crack resistance.
IRJET - An Experimantal Study on Behaviour of Hollow Fly Ash Concrete Blocks ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the behavior of hollow fly ash concrete blocks as a replacement for conventional bricks. Various mix designs were tested to improve the mechanical properties of the blocks. The compressive strength, water absorption, modulus of rupture, and dry density of newly manufactured hollow fly ash concrete blocks were compared to traditionally made blocks. Results showed that the proposed mix ratios significantly increased the compressive strength and decreased the water absorption of the hollow fly ash concrete blocks compared to the original mixes. Sixteen blocks were tested based on four mix designs with varying fly ash content. The mix with 20% fly ash content performed best in terms of compressive strength and other properties.
Using tyres wastes as aggregates in concrete to form rubcrete – mix for engin...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents the results, obtained after replacement of fine and coarse aggregates, in concrete mix, with tyre rubber. The tyre rubber, which has been used in the present study, is obtained after the mechanical trituration process of post – consumed tyres from trucks. Researchers have investigated, over the years, the use of recycled tyre rubber waste as a replacement for aggregate in concrete and its effectiveness. “Rubcrete-Mix” which would result from such replacement is found to have many engineering applications and holds promise in future. Rubcrete also possesses good mechanical properties and is considered to be one of the best and economical ways of recycling the used tyres. The present experimental study has the aim of arriving at the optimum quantity of the replacement material for the aggregates in concrete mixtures, for various engineering applications. For achieving a proper bond with the surrounding concrete paste, the recycled aggregates have been designed with respect to their size, shape and gradation. With the water – cement ratio being kept constant fine and coarse aggregate has been replaced with tyre rubber powder and chipped rubber and also cement has been replaced with silica fume. In preparing the concrete, Portland slag cement has been used along with super plasticizer less than 1% by weight of cement to achieve required workability of the resulting concrete. Furthermore, durability studies have been conducted and mixes have been designed for M30 grade concrete. Keywords: Concrete Mix, Mechanical Properties, Rubber Powder, Chipped Rubber, Silica fume.
IRJET- Behaviourial Study of the Concrete on Partial Replacement of Cement by...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a study on the behavioral effects of partially replacing cement with fly ash in concrete. Fly ash is a byproduct of burning coal that can be used as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete. The study investigated replacing cement at levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% by weight with fly ash in M20 grade concrete mixes. Concrete cubes were cast and tested for compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that compressive strength decreased with higher levels of fly ash replacement but was maintained at replacement levels up to 20-30%. Overall, the study aimed to determine the optimum level of fly ash replacement in concrete mixtures to reduce cement usage while maintaining adequate strength.
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TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
The CBC machine is a common diagnostic tool used by doctors to measure a patient's red blood cell count, white blood cell count and platelet count. The machine uses a small sample of the patient's blood, which is then placed into special tubes and analyzed. The results of the analysis are then displayed on a screen for the doctor to review. The CBC machine is an important tool for diagnosing various conditions, such as anemia, infection and leukemia. It can also help to monitor a patient's response to treatment.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.