- The document discusses the impact of strategic planning on the performance of higher education institutions. It focuses on Blue Nile University in Sudan from 2013-2015.
- It finds that strategic planning at all stages, types, and levels has an effect on the performance of higher education institutions. Effective planning depends on availability of data.
- The document reviews concepts of planning, stages of the planning process, types of planning, planning levels, benefits and challenges of planning, and previous related studies on strategic planning in education.
This document discusses the preparation phase of the strategic planning process. It involves organizing and staffing the planning effort through the creation of leadership positions and committees to oversee planning. It also involves training participants to ensure they have the knowledge and skills for effective strategic planning. Examples provided include organizing a university planning council and executive committee, as well as conducting a training program on strategic planning facilitated by a consultant. The goal of preparation is to properly structure the planning process and equip participants for their roles in developing strategic plans.
The document defines planning as determining a course of action to achieve desired results. It is a process that involves looking to the future and selecting actions. Planning provides a framework for managing, motivating, and controlling an organization. It is a prerequisite for effective management. Planning bridges the gap between current and desired states by deciding what to do, how to do it, where, and by whom. Planning helps organizations choose the right path and improves efficiency, coordination, decision-making, and innovation. Plans can be standing, single-use, objectives, policies, strategies, procedures, rules, programs, budgets or schedules. Planning occurs on long-term and short-term horizons and at strategic, operational, and functional levels. The
The document discusses various concepts related to health planning including strategic planning, situational analysis, problem identification, priority setting, options appraisal, cost-effectiveness analysis, force field analysis, programming and documentation, logframe analysis, and monitoring and evaluation. It provides examples of how these concepts can be applied to improve the health of mothers and children in a given population with a limited budget.
Introduction to health planning by Dr Musa AjlouniMusa Ajlouni
1. The document discusses the concepts of planning, organizing, leadership, and evaluation in healthcare management. It provides definitions for each concept and discusses their importance.
2. Challenges in planning include setting clear goals, collaborating requirements, and overcoming resistance to change. Common barriers to effective planning are also outlined.
3. The document emphasizes that planning requires defining objectives, strategies, resources, implementation, and evaluation to achieve a desired situation. Goals must be specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, and time-bound.
Fundamental Concepts of STRATEGIC PLANNINGMariyah Ayoniv
Strategic planning is an organization's process of defining its strategy or direction to allocate resources to pursue its strategy. It generally deals with what the organization does, who it does it for, and how it excels. Strategic planning involves analyzing the internal and external environment, setting goals and objectives, identifying strategies with timelines and tasks, allocating resources, implementing plans, and evaluating results. The key aspects of strategic planning include clarifying objectives, diagnosing current conditions, assessing alternatives, translating plans into action, and adjusting through evaluation.
The document discusses the concept of planning in management. It defines planning as selecting objectives and actions to achieve goals by looking ahead. Effective planning involves establishing objectives and premises, considering alternative courses of action, developing derivative plans, securing cooperation in implementation, and evaluating the results. Planning bridges the gap between current and desired future states and facilitates management by preparing for uncertainties. It is important but time-consuming and success depends on external factors outside one's control.
Project planning involves establishing the scope, aims, and objectives of a project. It includes assessing the situation, identifying and prioritizing problems and strategies, designing the project, and planning for implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. The output of project planning is a project plan that outlines the project requirements, plan of action, and management plan. Commonly used tools for project planning include Gantt charts, problem tree analysis, SWOT analysis, logical framework analysis, and project management software.
This document discusses the different levels of planning in organizations. It begins by introducing planning and its importance for defining goals and strategies. It then describes three main levels of planning:
1) Strategic planning involves long-term plans made by senior managers to achieve organizational goals over several years. It helps analyze strengths/weaknesses and minimize waste. However, it is time-consuming and the business environment can change.
2) Tactical planning develops specific actions to execute strategic plans over shorter timeframes. It helps formulate strategies but is also time-consuming and may not adapt well to changes.
3) Operational planning involves short-term plans to perform day-to-day tasks and is discussed but not
This document discusses the preparation phase of the strategic planning process. It involves organizing and staffing the planning effort through the creation of leadership positions and committees to oversee planning. It also involves training participants to ensure they have the knowledge and skills for effective strategic planning. Examples provided include organizing a university planning council and executive committee, as well as conducting a training program on strategic planning facilitated by a consultant. The goal of preparation is to properly structure the planning process and equip participants for their roles in developing strategic plans.
The document defines planning as determining a course of action to achieve desired results. It is a process that involves looking to the future and selecting actions. Planning provides a framework for managing, motivating, and controlling an organization. It is a prerequisite for effective management. Planning bridges the gap between current and desired states by deciding what to do, how to do it, where, and by whom. Planning helps organizations choose the right path and improves efficiency, coordination, decision-making, and innovation. Plans can be standing, single-use, objectives, policies, strategies, procedures, rules, programs, budgets or schedules. Planning occurs on long-term and short-term horizons and at strategic, operational, and functional levels. The
The document discusses various concepts related to health planning including strategic planning, situational analysis, problem identification, priority setting, options appraisal, cost-effectiveness analysis, force field analysis, programming and documentation, logframe analysis, and monitoring and evaluation. It provides examples of how these concepts can be applied to improve the health of mothers and children in a given population with a limited budget.
Introduction to health planning by Dr Musa AjlouniMusa Ajlouni
1. The document discusses the concepts of planning, organizing, leadership, and evaluation in healthcare management. It provides definitions for each concept and discusses their importance.
2. Challenges in planning include setting clear goals, collaborating requirements, and overcoming resistance to change. Common barriers to effective planning are also outlined.
3. The document emphasizes that planning requires defining objectives, strategies, resources, implementation, and evaluation to achieve a desired situation. Goals must be specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, and time-bound.
Fundamental Concepts of STRATEGIC PLANNINGMariyah Ayoniv
Strategic planning is an organization's process of defining its strategy or direction to allocate resources to pursue its strategy. It generally deals with what the organization does, who it does it for, and how it excels. Strategic planning involves analyzing the internal and external environment, setting goals and objectives, identifying strategies with timelines and tasks, allocating resources, implementing plans, and evaluating results. The key aspects of strategic planning include clarifying objectives, diagnosing current conditions, assessing alternatives, translating plans into action, and adjusting through evaluation.
The document discusses the concept of planning in management. It defines planning as selecting objectives and actions to achieve goals by looking ahead. Effective planning involves establishing objectives and premises, considering alternative courses of action, developing derivative plans, securing cooperation in implementation, and evaluating the results. Planning bridges the gap between current and desired future states and facilitates management by preparing for uncertainties. It is important but time-consuming and success depends on external factors outside one's control.
Project planning involves establishing the scope, aims, and objectives of a project. It includes assessing the situation, identifying and prioritizing problems and strategies, designing the project, and planning for implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. The output of project planning is a project plan that outlines the project requirements, plan of action, and management plan. Commonly used tools for project planning include Gantt charts, problem tree analysis, SWOT analysis, logical framework analysis, and project management software.
This document discusses the different levels of planning in organizations. It begins by introducing planning and its importance for defining goals and strategies. It then describes three main levels of planning:
1) Strategic planning involves long-term plans made by senior managers to achieve organizational goals over several years. It helps analyze strengths/weaknesses and minimize waste. However, it is time-consuming and the business environment can change.
2) Tactical planning develops specific actions to execute strategic plans over shorter timeframes. It helps formulate strategies but is also time-consuming and may not adapt well to changes.
3) Operational planning involves short-term plans to perform day-to-day tasks and is discussed but not
This document provides an overview of key concepts in global strategic marketing planning and organizational control. It discusses the contents of a marketing plan, including a market situation analysis, objectives, strategies, and action plans. It also covers different planning approaches like bottom-up versus top-down planning. Key criteria for global organizational design include environmental factors and firm-specific factors. Common organizational structures are the international division, product-based structure, geographic structure, and matrix organization. Elements of global marketing control include establishing standards, measuring and evaluating performance, and analyzing and correcting deviations. Both behavioral and output-based standards are discussed. Informal control methods can include developing a strong corporate culture and human resource development programs.
this is about the different theories related to planning in management practices. useful for freshers to mgmt. studies and also may be for Entrepreneur
The document provides an overview of health care planning principles and processes in Pakistan. It discusses the following key points:
1) Planning aims to optimize the use of scarce resources and improve economic and social conditions through managing natural and human resources. Plans can be strategic, focusing on broad policies, or operational, focusing on specific programs and projects.
2) Pakistan established various planning bodies over time, including the Development Board (1948), Planning Board (1953), and Planning Commission (1958), to formulate national development plans and programs.
3) The main types of plans in Pakistan include annual plans, five-year plans, and long-term perspective plans covering 15-25 years. The annual plan implements the five-
Health Planning for Health Sciences and Medical StudentsHale Teka
This document provides lecture notes on health planning functions for second year public health students. It discusses definitions of planning, the rationale for planning, and the scope and types of planning. It covers strategic planning versus tactical planning. The key steps in planning discussed are situational analysis, selecting priority problems, setting objectives and targets, identifying obstacles and limitations, designing strategies, and writing the plan. Specific planning tools like SWOT analysis and Gantt charts are also summarized.
The document outlines the planning process in 6 steps:
1. Establishing objectives to provide direction and focus on results.
2. Establishing planning premises to determine assumptions and potential obstacles.
3. Choosing the best alternative course of action by evaluating options.
4. Formulating derivative or secondary plans to support achieving the main plan.
5. Securing cooperation from subordinates involved in implementation for improved plans.
6. Conducting follow up and appraisal of implemented plans to evaluate effectiveness and allow for modifications.
The document outlines guidelines and standards for core processes in division-level educational planning. It discusses developing a Division Education Development Plan (DEDP) through situational analysis, strategic planning, and implementation planning. It also covers implementing the DEDP, monitoring and evaluation, and managing the Division's Education Enhanced Basic Education Information System (E-BEIS). Key aspects include applying objective analysis to identify priorities, ensuring goals and objectives align with DepEd's vision, and using monitoring reports to facilitate plan adjustments that support quality educational outcomes.
- Planning involves looking ahead and determining future courses of action. It establishes what needs to be done, how it will be done, and who will do it.
- Planning bridges the gap between the present and where the organization wants to go in the future. It makes things happen that otherwise would not.
- Some key characteristics of planning include that it is goal-oriented, involves looking ahead and preparation for the future, requires intellectual and analytical thought, involves decision making among alternatives, and is a continuous process as plans need regular review.
Planning involves defining goals, strategies, and coordinated plans. It can be informal with unwritten plans or formal with specific written goals and action plans. Planning provides direction, coordination, control, and helps anticipate issues. It establishes a hierarchy from broad strategic plans to specific operational plans. Effective planning involves setting objectives, considering alternatives, and developing coordinated derivative plans and budgets. The principles of planning emphasize contributing to objectives, clear objectives, planning preceding other functions, and efficient, consistent plans based on agreed premises.
The documents discuss various aspects of planning and implementation, including:
1) The importance of planning for effective implementation of projects, programs, and policies. Careful planning is needed to ensure comprehensive, cost-effective, and timely implementation.
2) Common pitfalls that can derail implementation such as overcommitment, poorly defined objectives, lack of follow through, and distraction. Effective implementation requires addressing these challenges.
3) The role of implementation plans in outlining the steps, timeline, resources, and management structure for executing strategies and driving organizational growth. Without implementation plans, large changes may not be successfully rolled out.
Planning is presented as the fundamental and essential process of determining goals, selecting courses of action, and outlining steps to achieve objectives. It involves defining goals, establishing assumptions about the future, evaluating alternatives, selecting the best options, developing supporting plans, implementing plans, and reviewing progress. Planning provides direction, facilitates decision-making, establishes standards for control, reduces risks and costs, improves efficiency, and encourages innovation. It is a goal-oriented, intellectual process that integrates activities across levels and functions to systematically bridge the present to the future.
The document discusses different types of planning used in organizations, including strategic planning conducted by top management for long-term goals over 10 years, operational planning by lower management for current activities over 1 week to 1 year, and short-term planning for less than 2 years to keep the business running day-to-day. Formal plans are written while informal plans are conceived mentally, and standing plans are used repeatedly as routine plans while single-use plans address specific circumstances.
planning is the first important step while making any decision by the management.this ppt include meaning ,definition,nature steps,importance,limitations,types etc
Planning function, nature and meaning of planning and types of planninghameedrehman96
Planning is a formal process where managers determine objectives and identify methods to achieve them. There are different types of plans including strategic, tactical, and operational plans. Strategic plans outline steps to achieve overall organizational goals over 2-3 years. Tactical plans determine how to allocate resources to achieve strategic goals. Operational plans are used by managers to accomplish responsibilities and support tactical and strategic plans through activities like ongoing policies, procedures, and rules. Planning contributes to objectives, is central to linking managerial functions, and occurs at all management levels to efficiently measure progress towards goals.
Types of planning, its goals and objectives.Vaibhav Sagar
This document discusses different types of planning including corporate, functional, operational, long term, short term, proactive, reactive, formal, and informal planning. It provides examples for each type. The key goals and objectives of planning are to bring certainty to future events, provide specific directions, allow for forecasting, bring economy to managerial operations, help attain predetermined goals, and gain an advantage over competitors. Planning turns an organization's mission and vision into measurable targets and helps ensure goals are achieved.
This document discusses various aspects of planning including definitions, types of planning processes, and differences between strategic and operational planning. It defines planning as "the management function that includes decisions and actions to insure future results." There are two main types of planning - strategic planning which establishes long-term direction and priorities, and operational planning which focuses on short-term goals and day-to-day activities. Strategic planning involves analyzing internal/external factors, setting goals and objectives, and identifying strategies, while operational planning develops detailed action plans and controls to implement strategic plans.
Theories of Planning by: Dr. Eusebio F. Miclat Jr. Development Planning & Bu...Jo Balucanag - Bitonio
This document discusses theories, concepts, and rationale of strategic planning. It describes different theories of strategic planning including philosophical synthesis, rationalism, organizational development, and empiricism. It also discusses concepts of strategic planning in the context of business, administration, and socio-economic development. Finally, it outlines various purposes of strategic planning such as orienting organizations to community needs, establishing priorities amid limited resources, and realistically forecasting events through an exercise in "futurology".
The document outlines the steps involved in project planning, including assessing the situation, identifying and prioritizing issues, designing the project, and developing implementation, monitoring and evaluation plans. It provides an example of planning an oral hygiene promotion project in a public primary school, and discusses commonly used tools like Gantt charts, logical framework analysis, and intervention mapping. Project planning is important as it helps select important problems and strategies, determine appropriate scope and quality, and identify resources to help implementation and evaluation.
This document discusses health planning and its importance. It defines planning as setting goals, strategies, and schedules to accomplish goals. Health planning is part of national planning and is needed to efficiently use resources to improve health services. The planning cycle involves analyzing the health situation, establishing objectives and goals, assessing resources, setting priorities, formulating plans, programming and implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. The overall goal of health planning is rapid and balanced development to meet community health needs through optimal resource utilization.
Planning is the foremost function of nursing management and involves determining future courses of action. It includes identifying objectives, determining necessary activities, resources, timelines, and evaluations. There are different types of planning like long term vs short term and strategic vs operational. Strategic planning involves analyzing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats while setting organizational philosophy and policies. Operational planning focuses on short term goals, budgets, and extending strategic plans. Tools for planning include SWOT analysis, balanced scorecards, and strategy maps. Planning is essential for effective management as it establishes direction and frameworks for other functions.
Planning involves determining a course of action to achieve goals based on purpose and knowledge. It includes prioritizing tasks, allocating resources and scheduling completion times. Effective planning has clearly defined objectives, appropriate assumptions, simplicity, flexibility, regular review and utilizes available resources. Planning can be strategic, functional, formal, informal, standing, ad hoc, operational, or administrative. It also considers long term and short term goals. While planning helps organizations, it faces barriers like uncertainty of the future, psychological resistance to change, and human errors in judgment.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in global strategic marketing planning and organizational control. It discusses the contents of a marketing plan, including a market situation analysis, objectives, strategies, and action plans. It also covers different planning approaches like bottom-up versus top-down planning. Key criteria for global organizational design include environmental factors and firm-specific factors. Common organizational structures are the international division, product-based structure, geographic structure, and matrix organization. Elements of global marketing control include establishing standards, measuring and evaluating performance, and analyzing and correcting deviations. Both behavioral and output-based standards are discussed. Informal control methods can include developing a strong corporate culture and human resource development programs.
this is about the different theories related to planning in management practices. useful for freshers to mgmt. studies and also may be for Entrepreneur
The document provides an overview of health care planning principles and processes in Pakistan. It discusses the following key points:
1) Planning aims to optimize the use of scarce resources and improve economic and social conditions through managing natural and human resources. Plans can be strategic, focusing on broad policies, or operational, focusing on specific programs and projects.
2) Pakistan established various planning bodies over time, including the Development Board (1948), Planning Board (1953), and Planning Commission (1958), to formulate national development plans and programs.
3) The main types of plans in Pakistan include annual plans, five-year plans, and long-term perspective plans covering 15-25 years. The annual plan implements the five-
Health Planning for Health Sciences and Medical StudentsHale Teka
This document provides lecture notes on health planning functions for second year public health students. It discusses definitions of planning, the rationale for planning, and the scope and types of planning. It covers strategic planning versus tactical planning. The key steps in planning discussed are situational analysis, selecting priority problems, setting objectives and targets, identifying obstacles and limitations, designing strategies, and writing the plan. Specific planning tools like SWOT analysis and Gantt charts are also summarized.
The document outlines the planning process in 6 steps:
1. Establishing objectives to provide direction and focus on results.
2. Establishing planning premises to determine assumptions and potential obstacles.
3. Choosing the best alternative course of action by evaluating options.
4. Formulating derivative or secondary plans to support achieving the main plan.
5. Securing cooperation from subordinates involved in implementation for improved plans.
6. Conducting follow up and appraisal of implemented plans to evaluate effectiveness and allow for modifications.
The document outlines guidelines and standards for core processes in division-level educational planning. It discusses developing a Division Education Development Plan (DEDP) through situational analysis, strategic planning, and implementation planning. It also covers implementing the DEDP, monitoring and evaluation, and managing the Division's Education Enhanced Basic Education Information System (E-BEIS). Key aspects include applying objective analysis to identify priorities, ensuring goals and objectives align with DepEd's vision, and using monitoring reports to facilitate plan adjustments that support quality educational outcomes.
- Planning involves looking ahead and determining future courses of action. It establishes what needs to be done, how it will be done, and who will do it.
- Planning bridges the gap between the present and where the organization wants to go in the future. It makes things happen that otherwise would not.
- Some key characteristics of planning include that it is goal-oriented, involves looking ahead and preparation for the future, requires intellectual and analytical thought, involves decision making among alternatives, and is a continuous process as plans need regular review.
Planning involves defining goals, strategies, and coordinated plans. It can be informal with unwritten plans or formal with specific written goals and action plans. Planning provides direction, coordination, control, and helps anticipate issues. It establishes a hierarchy from broad strategic plans to specific operational plans. Effective planning involves setting objectives, considering alternatives, and developing coordinated derivative plans and budgets. The principles of planning emphasize contributing to objectives, clear objectives, planning preceding other functions, and efficient, consistent plans based on agreed premises.
The documents discuss various aspects of planning and implementation, including:
1) The importance of planning for effective implementation of projects, programs, and policies. Careful planning is needed to ensure comprehensive, cost-effective, and timely implementation.
2) Common pitfalls that can derail implementation such as overcommitment, poorly defined objectives, lack of follow through, and distraction. Effective implementation requires addressing these challenges.
3) The role of implementation plans in outlining the steps, timeline, resources, and management structure for executing strategies and driving organizational growth. Without implementation plans, large changes may not be successfully rolled out.
Planning is presented as the fundamental and essential process of determining goals, selecting courses of action, and outlining steps to achieve objectives. It involves defining goals, establishing assumptions about the future, evaluating alternatives, selecting the best options, developing supporting plans, implementing plans, and reviewing progress. Planning provides direction, facilitates decision-making, establishes standards for control, reduces risks and costs, improves efficiency, and encourages innovation. It is a goal-oriented, intellectual process that integrates activities across levels and functions to systematically bridge the present to the future.
The document discusses different types of planning used in organizations, including strategic planning conducted by top management for long-term goals over 10 years, operational planning by lower management for current activities over 1 week to 1 year, and short-term planning for less than 2 years to keep the business running day-to-day. Formal plans are written while informal plans are conceived mentally, and standing plans are used repeatedly as routine plans while single-use plans address specific circumstances.
planning is the first important step while making any decision by the management.this ppt include meaning ,definition,nature steps,importance,limitations,types etc
Planning function, nature and meaning of planning and types of planninghameedrehman96
Planning is a formal process where managers determine objectives and identify methods to achieve them. There are different types of plans including strategic, tactical, and operational plans. Strategic plans outline steps to achieve overall organizational goals over 2-3 years. Tactical plans determine how to allocate resources to achieve strategic goals. Operational plans are used by managers to accomplish responsibilities and support tactical and strategic plans through activities like ongoing policies, procedures, and rules. Planning contributes to objectives, is central to linking managerial functions, and occurs at all management levels to efficiently measure progress towards goals.
Types of planning, its goals and objectives.Vaibhav Sagar
This document discusses different types of planning including corporate, functional, operational, long term, short term, proactive, reactive, formal, and informal planning. It provides examples for each type. The key goals and objectives of planning are to bring certainty to future events, provide specific directions, allow for forecasting, bring economy to managerial operations, help attain predetermined goals, and gain an advantage over competitors. Planning turns an organization's mission and vision into measurable targets and helps ensure goals are achieved.
This document discusses various aspects of planning including definitions, types of planning processes, and differences between strategic and operational planning. It defines planning as "the management function that includes decisions and actions to insure future results." There are two main types of planning - strategic planning which establishes long-term direction and priorities, and operational planning which focuses on short-term goals and day-to-day activities. Strategic planning involves analyzing internal/external factors, setting goals and objectives, and identifying strategies, while operational planning develops detailed action plans and controls to implement strategic plans.
Theories of Planning by: Dr. Eusebio F. Miclat Jr. Development Planning & Bu...Jo Balucanag - Bitonio
This document discusses theories, concepts, and rationale of strategic planning. It describes different theories of strategic planning including philosophical synthesis, rationalism, organizational development, and empiricism. It also discusses concepts of strategic planning in the context of business, administration, and socio-economic development. Finally, it outlines various purposes of strategic planning such as orienting organizations to community needs, establishing priorities amid limited resources, and realistically forecasting events through an exercise in "futurology".
The document outlines the steps involved in project planning, including assessing the situation, identifying and prioritizing issues, designing the project, and developing implementation, monitoring and evaluation plans. It provides an example of planning an oral hygiene promotion project in a public primary school, and discusses commonly used tools like Gantt charts, logical framework analysis, and intervention mapping. Project planning is important as it helps select important problems and strategies, determine appropriate scope and quality, and identify resources to help implementation and evaluation.
This document discusses health planning and its importance. It defines planning as setting goals, strategies, and schedules to accomplish goals. Health planning is part of national planning and is needed to efficiently use resources to improve health services. The planning cycle involves analyzing the health situation, establishing objectives and goals, assessing resources, setting priorities, formulating plans, programming and implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. The overall goal of health planning is rapid and balanced development to meet community health needs through optimal resource utilization.
Planning is the foremost function of nursing management and involves determining future courses of action. It includes identifying objectives, determining necessary activities, resources, timelines, and evaluations. There are different types of planning like long term vs short term and strategic vs operational. Strategic planning involves analyzing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats while setting organizational philosophy and policies. Operational planning focuses on short term goals, budgets, and extending strategic plans. Tools for planning include SWOT analysis, balanced scorecards, and strategy maps. Planning is essential for effective management as it establishes direction and frameworks for other functions.
Planning involves determining a course of action to achieve goals based on purpose and knowledge. It includes prioritizing tasks, allocating resources and scheduling completion times. Effective planning has clearly defined objectives, appropriate assumptions, simplicity, flexibility, regular review and utilizes available resources. Planning can be strategic, functional, formal, informal, standing, ad hoc, operational, or administrative. It also considers long term and short term goals. While planning helps organizations, it faces barriers like uncertainty of the future, psychological resistance to change, and human errors in judgment.
This document discusses planning in management. It begins by defining the mission of planning as providing benefits to customers and helping achieve goals through effective resource use.
It then discusses the philosophy of planning, including that it requires flexibility and guidelines. Principles of planning include contributing to objectives, using resources efficiently, and having a policy framework.
Objectives, components, levels, and characteristics of planning are also outlined. Planning involves setting objectives and policies, developing procedures and budgets, and can be directional, administrative, or operational. It is an intellectual process that focuses on objectives and selects the best course of action.
The document discusses planning in management. It defines planning and describes the types and levels of planning including strategic, intermediate, and operational planning. The planning process and key steps are outlined including establishing objectives, developing strategies, determining premises and alternatives, evaluating alternatives, selecting actions, formulating derivative plans, and reviewing the process. Advantages of planning such as facilitating management by objectives and minimizing uncertainty are highlighted. Limitations including cost, time consumption, and uncertainty are also reviewed.
Planning is a key management function that involves defining goals, strategies, and plans. Effective planning requires establishing objectives, identifying alternatives, evaluating options, and developing short-term operational plans as well as long-term strategic plans. While planning aims to manage uncertainty and coordination efforts, critics argue it can limit flexibility needed to adapt to changing environments. Overall, research shows formal planning correlates with better organizational performance when the external conditions allow for implementation.
The document discusses planning, including its definition, importance, principles, characteristics, types, steps, advantages, and disadvantages. Planning is defined as deciding in advance what actions to take in the future. It involves setting objectives, identifying actions to meet objectives, and allocating resources. The key advantages of planning include goal clarity, resource optimization, risk management, and improved decision-making. Some disadvantages are that planning can be time-consuming, costly, and ineffective if the environment changes.
This document provides an overview of different types of planning, their advantages, and limitations. It discusses strategic planning which covers long term goals over 3-5 years, and operational planning which focuses on short term goals under one year. Planning has advantages like facilitating management by objectives, minimizing uncertainties, improving coordination, and encouraging innovations. However, planning can also be costly, time consuming, provide a false sense of security given uncertainties, and be challenging with rapid changes. The document aims to educate on various aspects of organizational planning.
Planning is the primary function of management and involves deciding in advance what should be done. It bridges the gap between where an organization currently is and where it wants to go. There are various types of planning including strategic, tactical, long-term, medium-term, and short-term planning. Planning provides focus, avoids waste, and ensures efficiency. Some limitations include uncertainty and potential rigidity. Key elements in planning include objectives, strategies, policies, and budgets. Tools that assist with planning include Porter's Five Forces model and SWOT analysis.
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The document discusses various aspects of resource management including the management process, planning, implementation, and evaluation. It describes management as setting goals, planning, organizing, leading, and controlling activities to achieve objectives efficiently. Planning involves selecting objectives and actions to achieve them and is a decision-making process. Implementation is the execution of plans by carrying out activities and careful observation. Evaluation assesses whether objectives were met and determines if adjustments are needed to plans, implementation, or objectives.
This document provides an overview of planning and outlines key aspects of effective planning. It defines planning as deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, and who will do it. Planning bridges the gap between where an organization currently is and where it wants to go. The document discusses that a plan should be realistic and can be long-range, intermediate-range, or short-range. While planning does not guarantee success, lack of planning will ensure failure. Effective planning is a continuous process that involves choosing destinations, evaluating alternatives, and deciding on specific courses of action.
This document discusses planning and the planning process. It defines planning as deciding in advance what is to be done, when, where, how, and by whom. Planners facilitate decision-making by coordinating information and activities to create a logical process that results in the best actions. The planning process involves recognizing the need for action, gathering information, laying down objectives, determining planning premises, and more. Planning has advantages like creating unity of purpose and reducing risk and uncertainty, but also has disadvantages like potentially killing creativity and plans sometimes being inaccurate due to uncertainty.
The document discusses planning and project management in the context of corporate and organizational development. It defines the relationships between corporate planning, programming, and project management. Corporate planning involves strategic, tactical, and annual planning to achieve organizational goals. Programming breaks long-range plans into intermediate programs, and project management identifies specific projects to implement programs. Projects have defined life cycles from initiation to evaluation. Project management ensures projects meet goals on time and within budget.
Monotoring and evaluation principles and theoriescommochally
This document discusses monitoring and evaluation (M&E) capacity in Tanzania. It notes that while M&E is important for improving development outcomes, many countries, including Tanzania, lack necessary M&E capacity at both the individual and institutional levels. Comprehensive training is needed to address gaps in M&E skills. The document outlines the differences between monitoring, which tracks project progress, and evaluation, which assesses outcomes and impacts in more depth. Both M&E are important management tools that provide useful feedback when integrated.
This document provides an overview of planning as a management process. It discusses planning as determining future courses of action, with consideration of objectives, activities, policies, and timing. Key features of planning discussed include it being a process, primarily concerned with the future, involving alternative selection, and undertaken at all organizational levels. The importance of planning is outlined in terms of primacy over other functions, offsetting uncertainty, focusing on objectives, coordination, and control. Steps in the planning process and types of plans are also summarized.
Planning involves selecting objectives, actions to achieve them, and decision making to choose alternative courses of action. The document discusses definitions of planning, the nature of planning as goal oriented, intellectual, primary, all-pervasive, forward-looking, continuous, and integrated. It describes types of plans like strategic, tactical, operational based on level and frequency. The planning process involves analyzing opportunities, identifying alternatives, determining premises, establishing objectives, selecting alternatives, and evaluating. Prerequisites for effective planning and limitations of planning are also outlined.
UNIT - III: PLANNING AND CONTROL: Concept- Process and Types; Decision making
concept and process; Bounded rationality; Management by objectives; Corporate Planning;
Environment analysis and Diagnosis; Strategy Formulations; Managerial Control- Concept
and process - Designing an Effective Control System - Techniques - Traditional and Modern
(PERT and CPM).
32. Strategic Planning A Ten Step GuideEarl Stevens
This document provides a 10-step guide for strategic planning for non-profit organizations. It begins by outlining the importance of planning and discusses the differences between long-range and strategic planning. Strategic planning focuses more on strategies for achieving a vision, while long-range planning emphasizes determining the vision. The guide then details a 10-step strategic planning process that includes conducting an environmental scan, identifying key issues, developing a mission and vision, setting goals and strategies, implementing and monitoring the plan. Strategic planning helps organizations define their vision and determine how to achieve it in a changing environment.
Similar to Effect of Strategic Planning on the Performance of Higher Educational Institutes (20)
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
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Effect of Strategic Planning on the Performance of Higher Educational Institutes
1. International Journal of Business and Management Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 8028, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 801X
www.ijbmi.org || Volume 6 Issue 3 || March. 2017 || PP—76-81
www.ijbmi.org 76 | Page
Effect of Strategic Planning on the Performance of Higher
Educational Institutes
Bakhit, I., G. R.
Community College, Najran University, KSA - Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences- Blue Nile
University, Sudan
ABSTRACT: The study addresses the impact of strategic planning on the performance of higher education
institutions implementing it on the Blue Nile University in the period between 2013 -2015 , the primary
objective of this study was to examine the impact of strategic planning on the performance of higher education
institutions, to achieve this objective the study used the descriptive ,analytical and historical approach, as the
study is based on data and information from secondary sources such as reference and books.A questionnaire
was distributed to a selected sample of the study population of Blue Nile University. The study concluded that,
planning in all its stages, types, and levels, has an effect on the performance of the higher educational
institutions. The study concluded that, planning in all its stages, types, and levels, and data availability have an
effect on the performance of the higher educational institutes.The study concludes that planning stages, its fields
,types and levels, have an impact on the performance of higher education institutions.
I. INTRODUCTION
Planning is considered the basis for the success of educational institutes .The success of those institutes
and their coping with economic changes depend on its efficiency to carry out administrative functions, and in
their ability to make future plans, and get rid of the obstacles, (Abdurahim,1998).
II. THECONCEPTOF PLANNING.
In business, planning is defined as the method that decision-makers will follow in executing the work
and taking decisions, it includes information and policies. It also means a choice of options and goals to
achieved. Planning is the administrative activity by which the organization's current circumstances are analyzed
in order to reach the required future goals. The planning of these concepts shows that the planning process
means the formulation of the goals that the organization aims to realize in the short term or medium term or the
statement means to realize the Targets set (Ibrahim Habib of God, 1998. P. 55) Vibrate planning aims planning
to do business effici1ently and effectively, and there are a lot of things to rationalize the planning process but
also make it mandatory in accordance indispensable, One of these justifications are internal and external
environment of the institution and planning the basis of administrative functions change Because planning is the
first administrative functions in organizations as well as cope with emergency conditions when developing plans
(Fayez Al Zoubi, slaves, 1997, p. 7).
III. STAGES OF THE PLANNINGPROCESS
Any institution that seeks to realize a goal or set of goals and so that the institution can achieve those
goals to develop a plan to achieve the goals, to be successful for the plan to pass a number of stages during the
preparation, before putting the plan to be the institution of a process of prediction and access to information can
pivot them and Forecasting need information not predict without information and predict which lacks is only
predicted Information there is a big difference between the forecast and the Forecasting expectation depends on
the information and the expectation depends on guesswork and intuition, many see that planning is only the
plan, but the plan is to put the stage of planning at this stage is converted inputs and private information to the
planare often middle management levels in the organization are concerned to develop plans and not the
upper levels of management plans by the approval process and approval from senior management is planned
projects do not take official described only when approved by senior management and put them into practicethe
plan is approved by senior management in the organization isinformed involved in the process implemented
to carry out the completion of its work according to the plan and that all their actions and adapt their business in
order to ensure implementation of the plan ,the plan keeps futile if they are not implemented and is required in
the plan so easy to implement if given a bit of freedom and the field testing of those in charge of implementation
must follow up implementation of the plan by senior management to know appropriate plan or not appropriate
extent of it during the implementation process show the strengths or weaknesses or gaps and thus has to be
stemming administration if I've found suitable kept her and I found out some of the weaknesses or gaps must
work to be adjusted so as to be most suitable 0 (ibid., p 71-73)
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IV. TYPES OF LOPLANNING
Plans are put in place to cover a long period of time, some may wonder about the duration of these
plans, but it is difficult to formulate a standard time of a fixed long-term plans, . Because what is a long-term
plan for the institution may be short-term or medium to another institution and long-term planning requires more
surprising operations depends on more information and a detailed because the internal and external environment
are exposed to changes during the long period.. , So it should be a long-term plans contain a broad plans,
medium-term planning - not be possible to identify a specific period of the medium-term plans but this depends
on the nature of the institution and the nature of their work and often covering a period of more than one year
and not more than five-year term Plans medium emerges from plans long-term and consistent with it. All plans
must be preceded by predicting even be realistic and workable and inaccurate medium-term plans are more
detailed than the long-term and less general, short-term planning - the plans cover a relatively short period of
time may not exceed one year. Examples include budgeting plans usually have detailed plans and cover all
aspects of the work in the enterprise, despite the prediction of the process necessary for short-term plans, but he
needs to be the size that long- and medium-term plans, because things are more well-defined in the short time,
depending on the nature of planning activist ,here it may be planning a financial planning which is about plans it
specializes in the financial aspects in terms of providing capital sources and methods of disposition of funds,
planning and financial ratios and wanted and the return on investment desired, while the economic planning is
often used by the state governments in order to improve the economic situation and upgrading the country's
economyPlanning by area Usage - divided into unique plans to use a reusable and plans, Plans unique divided
into programs and budgets. Software is a combination of strategies, policies, rules and measures under
discussion - Usually have programs of their own budgets, and budgets is a plan showing the expected results
formulated in terms of numbers, and features the discretionary budget as a regulatory tool in addition to being
the planning and budget tool fall under the short-term plans, because they are usually formulated financial
figures were for a period of one year or less has an be budget be half or a quarter of annual according to the
nature of the entity (Fayez Al Zoghbi, Mohammed Ibrahim slaves. Pp. 74-77)
V. PLANNING LEVELS
The relationship between the levels of administration and a number of managers can be explained by
the extent of the planning being done by managers: Those who are in the upper levels will pay attention to a
long-term strategic planning plans, while those in middle management will care about how far short considered
plans while preoccupied with the first level of management and operational plans daily.(Sonia Bakri p.)
Planning difficulties
The planning process faces some difficulties which hinder its efficiency. The main difficulty is that are
concerned will resist and kind of change. The plans might cause some change that will affect the employees,
they depend on their own experience in carrying out the work ignoring the methods described by the plan, they
also think that it will limit their creativity and initiative. The financial cost, the time, and the effort, all matter in
the planning process which can be a burden on the institution's budget.
Also the lack of information matters in Planning is to be completed in the future and until it is
planning for the future properly must provide sufficient information on the future and thus the lack of
information is sometimes an obstacle to finding a successful plans in the, situation to confused between the
plans and projects of the plans are still many workers do not differentiate between studies and projects plans that
are approved the Plans must be adhered to, the approved plans and that workers executed as for the nature of the
work planning characterized the planning process as being closest to the object-oriented undisturbed and
therefore the completion of insubstantial things is really much more difficult than finding the insubstantial
things, the nature of the planning process you need to take a lot of things inside and outside the facility (ibid., P
71-82)
Benefits of Planning.
The Planning is essential to the success of any business process, whether on the level of individual or
collective as it serves a number of the most important the benefits the Institution can appearance competition
from institutions as well as the appearance of changes and emergencies and help in coordination between the
departments of the project, it is known that the plans be placed when the entity authorized to specific prepared,
as well as the number of those who have the authority to issue the plans and the plans identify bodies,
departments and sections concerned with implementation, and help unite the goals process before preparation of
the plan the one who should not the business objectives and clear actual light of the objectives is drafting plans
that lead to achieving the organization's goals for standardization and the removal of conflict between them, as
well as a large impact in the delegate level of conflict in the organization, even though the conflict may have
some positive aspects, but its disadvantages may sometimes lead to brainstorming on the project and low
3. Effect of Strategic Planning on the Performance of Higher Educational Institutes
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efficiency, so the reduction of the degree of conflict in the organization lead to full-time workers managers
essential to their business (. Ibid, p 83) well as the planning has a number of qualities is the clarity and
practicality, as well as the flexibility and the balance of costs and returns and integration between plans. 246)
Forecasting and decision-making.
It is the essence of the decision-making process of the administrative process as managers spend most
of their time in which they try to achieve the goals of their organizations. Whether these decisions routine
operational or the strategy to take an active form requires the right to predict the future and the use of
quantitative and qualitative information reliable, however, the full forecast all future events is beset with many
difficulties and the availability of all of the information or the facts on which management decisions need time
and money, and as such, the decisions are usually in conditions characterized by absolutely certain. (Sonia Bakri
p. 246)
Previous studies
(Study: (Defifo, 2008 (entitled: "The strategic planning process: an analysis of the small colleges" in
the United States. (an: process planning Strategic(analysis in small colleges .The study aimed to diagnose the
strategic planning process, and its role in building a relationship of trust in the decision-making process, and the
role to be played by the president of the college in the process of planned change and the role of strategic
planning in the performance of enterprise development. The researcher followed the case study method, and use
of individual interviews and focus groups, and analysis of documents and e-mail, and notes on the meetings, and
use meaningful sample that can benefit the maximum degree, and therefore was selected two institutions from
within (4004) higher education institution in the United States , according to the classification (Carnegie 2005,,
According to certain specifications developed by the researcher, and these institutions are (Oukinna and
Cooper). The study concluded with a set of results, including: - Strategic planning helps employees to a
common understanding of the institution and its future, and this depends on several factors, including: the trust
between the board president, and Confidence between management and workers the use of multi-frame style of
leadership (political, bureaucratic and homey and social) qualifies a high level of integrity, excellence and
flexibility and expands the circle of participation through discussions of the issues and difficult decisions, which
are discussed in the administrative levels lower, like as the issue of sharing the responsibility. (Digna study
(2007, (titled: The reality of strategic planning at the Islamic University in light of the quality standards. Gaza
study aimed to know the reality of strategic planning at the Islamic University in Gaza, through the Strategic
Plan analysis, in light of the quality standards established by the National Commission for Accreditation and
Quality and the quality of higher education institutions in Palestine, to achieve the objectives of the study
researcher followed the descriptive analytical approach and the methodology of content analysis, have been
using the questionnaire as a tool of study tools as applied to each school's community (117, (member, as the
researcher held a workshop for the focus group composed of ten professors and experts from colleges and
departments different, to analyze the content of the plan to concentrate on the data obtained by the researcher
statistically significant, was the use of statistical packages program (spss) the study concluded with a set of
results including: the ratio (89.75 (of the study population engaged in strategic planning and considered that the
quality of strategic planning is a required step and important to achieve a comprehensive quality policies the
university and its performance disappointment with the university administration about the quality of the halls
and laboratories, and facilities associated with the activities of the plat form, where the percentage of availability
of standards (17.67, (which is a good ratio approaching the average. (Study: (Werkolla, 2007) (Entitled: "The
human perceptions of strategic planning: vibrant experience for the Dean of the University research
community", Minnesota. The study aimed to explore the strategic planning process in higher education through
the analysis described Deans live their experiences through their direct participation in it. The researcher used
the descriptive and analytical approach, and the work interviews with deans, the study population is made up of
fifteen Dean gave in-depth vision of the planning process, and the role of academic leadership in that ,the study
concluded with a set of results, including: - The strategic thinking comes in the introduction to the process of
strategic planning, and general intellectual change of identity is a primary strategy to stimulate the physical and
structural conversion. - The principle of balance and participation is central, academic leadership must be
integrated and continuously integrated into the strategic thinking and interaction between individuals. (Study
(Potman, Maassen, 2005 (entitled: "Strategic Planning for Higher Education" (Strategic Planning for Higher
Education), Holland study aimed to establish a system of higher education more diverse and flexible and
adaptable depends on organizational excellence based on institutional strategic choices, and after the
introduction of the new Holland planning system in higher education, as the study focused on the achievement
of strategic planning in higher education institutions through independent models or distinct are: model-paced,
adaptive strategy - a model for strategy interpretative model, and through descriptive and analytical approach
used by researchers and the questionnaire as a tool to gauge the appropriate models. The study concluded with a
4. Effect of Strategic Planning on the Performance of Higher Educational Institutes
www.ijbmi.org 79 | Page
set of results, including: - interpretative model is the best in the application of educational institutions higher:-
The institutional concept helps to explain some of the problems faced by organizations when attempting to
formulate strategies and implement them. Study: (Abbasi 0.2004 (titled: "The fact of the administrative practices
of planning, implementation, and evaluation at private universities in Jordan, and its problems from the
standpoint of administrators where and suggestions to address them," .aimed study to know the reality of
management practices and of planning, implementation, and evaluation at private universities in Jordan, and
problems from the standpoint of the administrators, and suggestions to address them, the researcher used the
descriptive and analytical approach. The study concluded with a set of the most important results: The
administrators estimate management practices were higher than the average to strong, and that there is no impact
to the educational qualification variable, while there was a trace of experience variable. - The existence of
problematic process related to the implementation of plans at universities due to poor follow-up and supervision
of the implementation process by senior management. (Study (Envoy 0.2003 (entitled: "The perception of a
proposal for strategic planning in higher education," the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study aimed to clarify
some of the differences between traditional strategic planning and planning, and the statement of some of the
problems of higher education in the Arab community, the study of model kingdom in the planning of higher
education through the prospectus content analysis, and provide a suggested strategic planning in higher , The
study concluded with a set of results, including: - the need to develop organizational structures in the academic
institutions in the Kingdom in line with the achievement of strategic planning imposed by the information age. -
The adoption of strategic planning in higher education institutions, universities and university management is
required methodological practices and adopt a clear strategy towards the requirements of the planning process,
and most important: professional development of the employees in the field of strategic planning, (Study (Pvt
0.1999 )titled: "Strategic planning and its role in improving the capability and quality of educational systems."
Egypt study aimed to identify the strategic planning method and the possibility to benefit from it in the face of
problems faced by educational institutions. The study was descriptive approach and style, and then taking it to
the concept of strategic planning according to the analytical method reveals its objectives, and the problems of
application necessary for the effectiveness and ingredients when used in the educational field. The study
concluded with a set of results, including: strategic planning provides educational institutions the main thought,
which helps to identify the core issues they face, and then guide them to make rational decisions rationally. -
Helps to guide strategic planning and integration of administrative and operational activities. The relationship
between productivity and returns are clarified through planning and by guiding individuals within the
organization. - Helps strategic planning leadership of the organization to develop a sense of responsibility
towards the organization, as it is useful in the preparation of Staff of senior management, it can also increase the
ability to connect different groups, on the grounds that a higher administrative technology tools, Identify the
planning process in the enterprise sector and seek to verify for the quality of management in the planning
process of the university under study.
The problem can be formulated as follows: -
1- Is the planning process affect the performance of institutions of higher education?
1. Are you planning levels affect the performance of institutions of higher education?
2. Are the types of planning affect the performance of institutions of higher education?
3. Are you planning stages affect the performance of institutions of higher education?
Objectives of the study: -
This study aims at recognizing the methods and preventive administration used in the planning process.
It aims at tackling the difficulties that are faced by the higher education institutes, the thing which will raise the
performance of these institutions, prepare those who are involved in planning, and cope with the different
changes
Significance of the Study
This study sheds light on the role that institutes can play in society development by proper planning which is
considered a good investment.achieves returns rewarding investors through proper planning.
Study Hypothesis
Planning process affects the performance of higher education institutes
Planning levels affect the performance of higher education institutes
Types pf planning affect the performance of higher education
Planning stages affect the performance of higher education institutes
ResearchData a Collection Sources
supports research on the following sources:
Secondary sources: the references, magazines, newspapers, websites, records, reports and organizations.
Primary sources: The use of the following primary sources: questionnaire and interviews.
5. Effect of Strategic Planning on the Performance of Higher Educational Institutes
www.ijbmi.org 80 | Page
Research Methodology:
Using the historical method in tracking the previous studies and their results, and the inductive approach in
determining the nature of the problem and axes, and deductive approach in the formulation of hypotheses, and
descriptive analytical method to test hypotheses.
First: - The field study and analysis of data
The questionnaire is a key performance for the collection of primary data - the first section a special
personal data and the second section regard to the basic study of the data and which aims to test the validity of
the study hypotheses and find out the relationship between hypotheses changes have been tested (50) a random
sample of the study The study population (120) individuals the university has been the distribution of the
number (50) questionnaire was received.
First: - View and analyze personal data: - Table (1)
NO variable Repetition Ratio .100%
1 Gender
Male 48 96%
Female 2 4%
Total 100 100%
2 Age
Less than 20 year - -
From- 20 -29 year 15 30%
From- 30 -39 year 14 28%
From- 40 -49 year 15 30%
From 50 -59 year 6 12%
Total 50 100%
3 Qualification
BA 6 12%
M.A. 18 36%
PHD 24 48%
Professor 2 4%
Total 50 100%
4 Social status
Married 32 64%
Fresher 18 36%
Total 50 100%
5 Functional class
Employee 10 20%
Teacher 40 80%
Total 50 100%
6 Place of birth
The blue Nile state 12 76%
Sudan and other state 38 24%
Total 50 100%
Source: questionnaire data. Researcher 2016
From Table 1, we find that the answers respondents by sex 100%, including 96% of males and 4% of
females and this confirms that the males more than females in the university because the university to adopt the
male element. From Table 1, we find that the answers respondents according to age 100% of which 30% aged
between (20-29) and 28% aged between (30-39) and 30% aged (40-49) and 12% the ages of (50-59) this shows
that individuals university workers aged (30-59 years) and this confirms their ability to work. . From Table 1,
we find that the answers respondents by Educational Qualification 100% of which 48% and 36% PhD MA, 12%
and 4% Bachelor degree professorship and this shows that more workers from the Graduate campaign. From
Table 1, we find that the answers respondents according to marital status of 100% of which 64% married, 36%
fresher, which proves that the stability of workers. From Table 1, we find that the answers respondents
according to the grades of 100%, including 10 officers and 40 teachers and this shows that teacher ratio is
greater than the number of employees and this is due to the nature of the work the University of Table (1) we
find that the answers respondents by birthplace of employees by 100%, including 24% of the blue Nile state and
76% of the states of Sudan's different this shows that the university depends on the process of diversification in
the appointment selection
6. Effect of Strategic Planning on the Performance of Higher Educational Institutes
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illustrates the study data analysis and hypothesis testing Table no (2)
The questionnaire data. Researcher 2016
VI. RESULTS
Analyzed private the data of the study reached the following findings, Table no (2)
1. Planning affect the performance of higher education institutions have been answered strongly agree 100%,
and the analysis was concluded that the planning process affect the performance of higher education
institutions that have been confirmed validity of the hypothesis
2. Planning levels answered strongly agree 100% affect performance institutions of higher education and this
confirms the validity of the hypothesis
3. Chart types affect the performance of higher education institutions has been answered by 100% of which
94% strongly agree and 6% without agree This confirms the validity of the hypothesis
4. Answered the planning stages affect the performance of higher education institutions, including 100% 98%
Strongly Disagree 2% Disagree without confirming the validity of this hypothesis
5. Do you think that educational institutions find it difficult to achieve productive efficiency has to answer this
question 100%, including 98% strongly disagree and 2% were neutral, and this confirms the validity of the
hypothesis.
VII. RECOMMENDATIONS
1. The proper use of the available human and materialistic resources requires an administration that depends
on the concepts, methods, and principles that support the planning process, the thing which will
developperformance at educational institutes.
2. Decision-making at educational institutions requires the violability of data t the appropriate time. So, data,
information, qualified staff, and equipment are important factors in the planning process.
3. Adopt a decentralized planning policy that will allow all the educational institute departments to set their
own plans.
4. The government has to provide the necessary support and supervision for educational institutes, because
this would help boost education and the country as a whole.
REFERENCES
[1]. Abdul Aziz Abdul Rahim Sulaiman, Planning for businesses, Nilotics Press. I, 1,1998.
[2]. Ibrahim Habibullah, diary in Production and Operations Management, Two Niles University Press, 1998
[3]. Fayez Al Zoghbi, Mohammed Ibrahim slaves basics of modern management, Oman, Dar Future Publishing and Distribution 1997
[4]. Sonia Mohammed Bakri, management information systems, Alexandria, University House, 2003
[5]. Digna, the reality of strategic planning at the Islamic University of Gaza, 2007
[6]. Abbasi, the reality of practices, management in the planning process, 2004
[7]. Envoy, proposed the development of strategic planning, Riyadh, 2003
[8]. Soldier, strategic planning and its role in improving the adequacy and Jeddah educational systems,
[9]. Defifo, strategic planning processes, United States, 2005
[10]. Werkolla, humanitarian developments for planning, Minnesota. 2007Pot man, Maassen,, Strategic Planning in 11