1. The study investigated the effects of cyclophosphamide (CP), an anticancer drug, on the testes of male rats (Rattus rattus). 2. CP was found to cause adverse effects on the morphology and histology of the rat testes including a reduced number of spermatozoa in the lumen and disorganized spermatogenic cells with fewer spermatids. 3. The results suggest that CP can cause histoarchitectural changes in the rat testes that may impair fertility, demonstrating the reproductive toxicity of this drug even at low doses over short periods of time.

1. UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF UNDER THE CO-GUIDANCE
Dr.Pradeep Shrivastava Dr Pinky Kaur
Professor& Head Department of Zoology and Department of Zoology and Applied Aquaculture
Applied Aquaculture, B.U., Bhopal B.U.,Bhopal.

2. TESTIS OF RAT(RATTUS RATTUS)

3.  Cyclophosphamide (CP) is used for the
treatment of various cancers. In spite of its
therapeutic importance, a wide range of
adverse effects such as reproductive toxicity has
been observed following the administration of
this drug in human and experimental animals.
In the current study, we have investigated the
adverse effects of CP on morphology and
histology of testis rats.

4. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

5. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
Cyclophosphamide is an Anticancer drug which is
randomly used by Human beings to prevent the
Carcinogenic diseases
Unfortunately it may leads adverse effects which may
include hepatic toxicity,nephrotic toxicity and also
reproductive toxicity.
The aim of our study was to evaluate the toxicity of
Cyclophosphamide on the reproductive part
“TESTIS” of male rat Rattus rattus

7. Rattus rattus
 KINGDOM: ANIMALIA
 PHYLUM: CHORDATA
 CLASS: MAMMALIA
 ORDER: RODENTIA
 SUBORDER: MYOMORPHA
 FAMILY: MURIDA
 GENUS: RATTUS
 SPECIES: NORVEGICUS

8. This investigation deals with the study of the effect of
Cyclophosphamide (CP), a widely used anticancer and
immunosuppressive drug, on histoarchitecture of testis of rat
Rattus rattus. 10 adult sexually mature male albino rats
weighing 120 ± 5 gm were used for the experimental
investigation, obtained from animal house of Barkatullah
University, Bhopal. The rats were maintained at suitable
temperature of 23 ± 20C with a 12 hours light-dark cycle
in the animal house of the Laboratory of Zoology and
Applied Aquaculture Department, Barkatullah University,
Bhopal. The animals were provided with rat feed and
water ad libitum throughout study.

9. RESULTS
Histology of normal testis (control)
 Low magnification of cross section of control testis of male Rattus rattus
showing normal histo-architecture of testicular with well defined
seminiferous tubules different stages of spermatogonial cells.
 Lumen filled with spermatozoa. Interstitial cells are visible.
 Well defined structure of seminiferous tubules with different stages of
spermatogenic cells i.e. spermatogonial cells, spermatocytes and
spermatids.
 Sertoli cells are also clearly visible in different sections. Leydig cells having
prominent cytoplasm and well defined nuclei.
 Lumens are largely filled with spermatozoa.

10. HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF SLIDES
Fig: 02. Magnified view of Fig -02 i.e. testis
of control male Rattus rattus showing well
defined structure of seminiferous tubules
with defferent stages of spermatogenic cells
i.e. spermatogonial cells, spermatocytes and
spermatids. Sertoli cells are also clearly
visible. Leydig cells having (H&E 400 X)
Fig: 01. Low magnification of cross section of
control testis of male Rattus rattus showing
normal histo-architecture of testicular with
well defined seminiferous tubules different
stages of spermatogonial cells. Lumen filled
with spermatozoa. Interstitial cells are visible
(H&E 100X).

11. Histology of treated testis
1. Male Rattus rattus treated up to 15 days with low dose
(40mg/kg body weight) of Cyclophosphamide (CP) showing
less number of spermatozoa in lumen (reduction the number of
spermatozoa).
2. Disorganized spermatogenic cells with reduced number of
spermatids.
3. Leydig cells are also prominent.
4. Lumens are filled with less number of spermatozoa.

12. HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF SLIDES
Fig: 01.TS of Testis of male Rattus rattus treated
up to 15 days with low dose (40mg/kg bw) of
Cyclophosphamide (CP). showing less number of
spermatozoa in lumen. (H&E 100X).
Fig: 02 TS of Testis of male Rattus rattus treated
up to 15 days with low dose (40mg/kg bw) of CP
showing disorganized spermatogenic cells with
reduced number of spermatids. Leydig cells are
also prominent. Lumens are filled with less
number of spermatozoa (H&E 400X).

13.  Lastly, we can conclude that, the cyclophosphamide
responsible for histoarchitectural changes of testis of male
Rattus rattus these changes may be induced by CP directly or
indirectly to tissues depending on dose and duration.
Evidently, toxic potential of above mentioned drug may alter
the genetics of an organism, which may leads to infertility in
humans, so it is necessary to evaluate the toxicity of CP on
genetic level.

14. LAST BUT NOT LEAST