The document summarizes a study on women's awareness of initiating and continuing breastfeeding after cesarean section in Baghdad, Iraq. The study involved surveying 30 women who had cesarean sections using a questionnaire. The results showed that 43.3% initiated breastfeeding within 24 hours of their c-section. 76.7% continued breastfeeding, though only 26% practiced exclusive breastfeeding. The study aimed to identify factors influencing breastfeeding initiation and continuation after c-sections. It recommended promoting breastfeeding through baby-friendly hospital initiatives and counseling women during pregnancy and after birth.
Neonatal and Obstetric Risk Assessment (NORA) Pregnancy Cohort Study in Singa...Premier Publishers
The Neonatal and Obstetric Risk Assessment (NORA) pregnancy cohort study was set up to assess clinical, biochemical and biophysical markers for risk assessment and prediction of the outcomes early in pregnancy. A total of 3271 patients who were in KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital between September 2010 and October 2014 were screened and 1013 patients consented to participate in the study. Women were followed at 18 to 22 weeks, 28 to 32 weeks and 34 weeks and above, till their postnatal discharge from the hospital. Finally, 926 patients remained for studying the outcome. In NORA study, we established locally derived and gestational age-specific reference intervals for the five thyroid hormone parameters. Higher serum progesterone levels at 28–32 weeks of pregnancy were observed in women who had preterm deliveries compared with women with term deliveries in the cohort. We also found that extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarkers enhanced the predictive robustness of an existing pre-eclampsia (PE) biomarker sufficiently to justify PE screening in a low-risk general obstetric population. We plan to further conduct a range of serial assessments from the biosamples which will provide a comprehensive and valuable information of the dynamics of maternal conditions and fetal development during pregnancy.
Pregnancy Outcome Comparison in Elderly and Non Elderly Primigravida attending at Mahila Chikitsalay, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India-Pregnancy and child birth are normal physiological processes and outcomes of most of the pregnancies are good but sometimes because of some reasons it has bad outcomes; out of that one is supposed to be elderly primi. But nowadays it becomes essential to delay the pregnancy in changing social and economic trend. Simultaneously higher advanced technique and better supported maternal and neonatal care also exist. So to have an idea of balance between these this case-control study was done on 120 elderly and 120 non-elderly primigravida to compare the pregnancy outcomes. To find out the association Chi-Square and Unpaired‘t’ test was used. It was observed in this study that although there was no significant difference in antenatal maternal pregnancy outcomes but PPH, induction of labor, cervix dystocia were significantly more in elderly. Likewise time taken to start with breast feeding was also more in elderly. In case of newborn mean APGAR score and mean birth weight was significantly lesser in elderly than non-elderly.
Current point of view in preterm labor management in albania (2)Alexander Decker
This study examined the use of maintenance tocolysis therapy to prevent preterm labor in Albania. The study included 325 pregnant women between 28-32 weeks gestation hospitalized for preterm labor. Women received tocolysis therapy for over one month. Those between 28-30 weeks (n=200) had greater benefits, with pregnancy prolonged by 6-8 weeks on average. The authors conclude maintenance tocolysis therapy can considerably prolong pregnancy for women diagnosed with preterm labor between 28-32 weeks gestation, though larger studies are still needed.
A Study to Identify the Post Partum Complications among Post Natal Mothers in...ijtsrd
Complications in early post natal periods may lead many issues such as breast engorgement, perineal pain, constipation, and urine incontinence. Postpartum complications contribute to a lot of maternal morbidity. A Descriptive study was conducted to identify the post partum complications among post natal mothers. The study was conducted on 120 post natal mothers who were selected using convenient sampling technique. The study was explained to participants and consent was taken. Data were collected by using structured knowledge questionnaire and self reported practice check list. Homogeneity was maintained for demographic variables. The result showed Identification of post partum complications shows that that in perineal pain, pain in perineal area 45 . In constipation, difficulty to express stool 33.33 , a sense that everything didn’t come out 33.33 , hard or small stool 20.83 . In breast engorgement, 20.83 mothers reported pain and swelling in breast, hardness in breast 20 and flat nipple 15 . In urine incontinence, intense urge of urine 2.5 . Himani Bora | Kanchan Bala | Laxmi Kumar "A Study to Identify the Post-Partum Complications among Post Natal Mothers in Selected Hospital of Dehradun, Uttarakhand" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/33524/a-study-to-identify-the-postpartum-complications-among-post-natal-mothers-in-selected-hospital-of-dehradun-uttarakhand/himani-bora
Study on utilization of antenatal care and outcome of pregnancy in a medical ...Su Dipta
- Antenatal care is important for both mother and baby's health during pregnancy. It involves medical supervision, screening tests, education, and management or referral of any health conditions.
- The document discusses the aims, components, and importance of antenatal care. It also presents data on antenatal care utilization and pregnancy outcomes in West Bengal, India. Key findings include over 50% of women receiving at least 3 antenatal visits and getting recommended tests.
- Ensuring quality antenatal care through multiple visits, screenings and education can help prevent complications and lower maternal and infant mortality rates.
This document provides an introduction and background for a study examining the effectiveness of a Breastfeeding Empowerment Programme (BEP) on knowledge, skills, self-confidence, and breastfeeding outcomes among first-time mothers in India. The study aims to evaluate the impact of the BEP, correlate outcomes with domains, and associate outcomes with background variables. It outlines the objectives, hypotheses, variables, sample size, population, sampling technique, data collection tools, and data analysis methods for the randomized controlled study.
A STUDY OF THE PERCEPTION ON EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AMONG POSTNATAL MOTHERS ...edianbiir
This document presents a study on the perception of exclusive breastfeeding among postnatal mothers at Legon Hospital in Ghana. It provides background information on the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for six months and highlights breastfeeding rates in Ghana. While nearly all Ghanaian mothers initiate breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding rates drop significantly after the first few months. The study aims to address the lack of record keeping on exclusive breastfeeding and mother support groups at Legon Hospital.
Effect of uterine massage to women during third stage of labor on preventing ...Alexander Decker
This study assessed the effect of uterine massage during the third stage of labor on preventing postpartum hemorrhage. The study involved 400 women divided into 4 groups. The results showed there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of blood loss, time of placental delivery, use of uterotonics, and occurrence of postpartum hemorrhage. Specifically, uterine massage during and after placental delivery was found to be effective in reducing blood loss. The study concluded that uterine massage during the third stage of labor should be applied routinely to help prevent postpartum hemorrhage.
Neonatal and Obstetric Risk Assessment (NORA) Pregnancy Cohort Study in Singa...Premier Publishers
The Neonatal and Obstetric Risk Assessment (NORA) pregnancy cohort study was set up to assess clinical, biochemical and biophysical markers for risk assessment and prediction of the outcomes early in pregnancy. A total of 3271 patients who were in KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital between September 2010 and October 2014 were screened and 1013 patients consented to participate in the study. Women were followed at 18 to 22 weeks, 28 to 32 weeks and 34 weeks and above, till their postnatal discharge from the hospital. Finally, 926 patients remained for studying the outcome. In NORA study, we established locally derived and gestational age-specific reference intervals for the five thyroid hormone parameters. Higher serum progesterone levels at 28–32 weeks of pregnancy were observed in women who had preterm deliveries compared with women with term deliveries in the cohort. We also found that extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarkers enhanced the predictive robustness of an existing pre-eclampsia (PE) biomarker sufficiently to justify PE screening in a low-risk general obstetric population. We plan to further conduct a range of serial assessments from the biosamples which will provide a comprehensive and valuable information of the dynamics of maternal conditions and fetal development during pregnancy.
Pregnancy Outcome Comparison in Elderly and Non Elderly Primigravida attending at Mahila Chikitsalay, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India-Pregnancy and child birth are normal physiological processes and outcomes of most of the pregnancies are good but sometimes because of some reasons it has bad outcomes; out of that one is supposed to be elderly primi. But nowadays it becomes essential to delay the pregnancy in changing social and economic trend. Simultaneously higher advanced technique and better supported maternal and neonatal care also exist. So to have an idea of balance between these this case-control study was done on 120 elderly and 120 non-elderly primigravida to compare the pregnancy outcomes. To find out the association Chi-Square and Unpaired‘t’ test was used. It was observed in this study that although there was no significant difference in antenatal maternal pregnancy outcomes but PPH, induction of labor, cervix dystocia were significantly more in elderly. Likewise time taken to start with breast feeding was also more in elderly. In case of newborn mean APGAR score and mean birth weight was significantly lesser in elderly than non-elderly.
Current point of view in preterm labor management in albania (2)Alexander Decker
This study examined the use of maintenance tocolysis therapy to prevent preterm labor in Albania. The study included 325 pregnant women between 28-32 weeks gestation hospitalized for preterm labor. Women received tocolysis therapy for over one month. Those between 28-30 weeks (n=200) had greater benefits, with pregnancy prolonged by 6-8 weeks on average. The authors conclude maintenance tocolysis therapy can considerably prolong pregnancy for women diagnosed with preterm labor between 28-32 weeks gestation, though larger studies are still needed.
A Study to Identify the Post Partum Complications among Post Natal Mothers in...ijtsrd
Complications in early post natal periods may lead many issues such as breast engorgement, perineal pain, constipation, and urine incontinence. Postpartum complications contribute to a lot of maternal morbidity. A Descriptive study was conducted to identify the post partum complications among post natal mothers. The study was conducted on 120 post natal mothers who were selected using convenient sampling technique. The study was explained to participants and consent was taken. Data were collected by using structured knowledge questionnaire and self reported practice check list. Homogeneity was maintained for demographic variables. The result showed Identification of post partum complications shows that that in perineal pain, pain in perineal area 45 . In constipation, difficulty to express stool 33.33 , a sense that everything didn’t come out 33.33 , hard or small stool 20.83 . In breast engorgement, 20.83 mothers reported pain and swelling in breast, hardness in breast 20 and flat nipple 15 . In urine incontinence, intense urge of urine 2.5 . Himani Bora | Kanchan Bala | Laxmi Kumar "A Study to Identify the Post-Partum Complications among Post Natal Mothers in Selected Hospital of Dehradun, Uttarakhand" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/33524/a-study-to-identify-the-postpartum-complications-among-post-natal-mothers-in-selected-hospital-of-dehradun-uttarakhand/himani-bora
Study on utilization of antenatal care and outcome of pregnancy in a medical ...Su Dipta
- Antenatal care is important for both mother and baby's health during pregnancy. It involves medical supervision, screening tests, education, and management or referral of any health conditions.
- The document discusses the aims, components, and importance of antenatal care. It also presents data on antenatal care utilization and pregnancy outcomes in West Bengal, India. Key findings include over 50% of women receiving at least 3 antenatal visits and getting recommended tests.
- Ensuring quality antenatal care through multiple visits, screenings and education can help prevent complications and lower maternal and infant mortality rates.
This document provides an introduction and background for a study examining the effectiveness of a Breastfeeding Empowerment Programme (BEP) on knowledge, skills, self-confidence, and breastfeeding outcomes among first-time mothers in India. The study aims to evaluate the impact of the BEP, correlate outcomes with domains, and associate outcomes with background variables. It outlines the objectives, hypotheses, variables, sample size, population, sampling technique, data collection tools, and data analysis methods for the randomized controlled study.
A STUDY OF THE PERCEPTION ON EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AMONG POSTNATAL MOTHERS ...edianbiir
This document presents a study on the perception of exclusive breastfeeding among postnatal mothers at Legon Hospital in Ghana. It provides background information on the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for six months and highlights breastfeeding rates in Ghana. While nearly all Ghanaian mothers initiate breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding rates drop significantly after the first few months. The study aims to address the lack of record keeping on exclusive breastfeeding and mother support groups at Legon Hospital.
Effect of uterine massage to women during third stage of labor on preventing ...Alexander Decker
This study assessed the effect of uterine massage during the third stage of labor on preventing postpartum hemorrhage. The study involved 400 women divided into 4 groups. The results showed there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of blood loss, time of placental delivery, use of uterotonics, and occurrence of postpartum hemorrhage. Specifically, uterine massage during and after placental delivery was found to be effective in reducing blood loss. The study concluded that uterine massage during the third stage of labor should be applied routinely to help prevent postpartum hemorrhage.
Effect of a Training Program about Maternal Fetal Attachment Skills on Prenat...iosrjce
to assess effect of a training program about maternal fetal attachment skills on prenatal attachment
among primigravida women.
Subjects and Methods: A quasi experimental research design was utilized. From a specific private Antenatal
Clinic in Mansoura city-Egypt eighty primigravida women aged 20 to 35 years, at 30th week gestation, had
singleton pregnancy and can read and write were selected purposively between of January and August 2011
and was equally divided into two groups; intervention group: received a training program on two MFA skills
and control group: received the routine antenatal care. Using interview sheet and Cranley's Maternal Fetal
Attachment Scale (MFAS) the data were collected at baseline and after two and four weeks of the enrollment.
Results: MFAS score had significantly increased in the intervention group from 61.6±5.9 at the baseline to
68.5±6.8 and 69.6 ±5.9 at 32nd, 34th week gestation respectively. While the changes of the MFAS total score in
the control group were insignificant.
Conclusion: MFAS total scores had significantly increased in the intervention group at 32nd and 34th week
gestation compared to the baseline score. Conversely, the MFAS total score did not differ significantly between
the baseline and two and four weeks after enrollment among the control group.
Recommendations: Enhancing the health care providers' awareness of the MFA skills to utilize in the
promotion of the prenatal MFA and motivate the active role of the nurses in helping the pregnant women to
adhere to the appropriate MFA skills are recommended.
Effectiveness of pre delivery preparation on anxiety among Primigravida mothe...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care.
Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice
Breastfeeding Practices of Postnatal Mothers: Exclusivity, Frequency and Dura...IJEAB
This study examined breastfeeding practices of 299 postnatal mothers in southeast Nigeria in terms of exclusivity, frequency, and duration. The results showed that most mothers exclusively breastfed for a short period, with 22.3% exclusively breastfeeding for 1 month and 31.5% for 4-6 months. The majority (80.7%) breastfed infants on demand day and night, while 40.5% reported infants suckling for over 20 minutes. Breastfeeding patterns were found to differ across primary, secondary, and tertiary health institutions, though not significantly. The study concluded that efforts are needed to motivate mothers to exclusively breastfeed for the recommended 6 months.
Factors influencing the practice of exclusive breast feeding in rural communi...Alexander Decker
This study aimed to identify factors influencing the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in rural communities in Osun State, Nigeria. The study surveyed 480 nursing mothers across 5 communities. It found that only 20% of respondents practiced exclusive breastfeeding, while 80% did not. Factors found to significantly influence breastfeeding practices included: the mother's age, marital status, occupation, family income, education, and number of children. Mothers with higher incomes, education, and older/more experienced mothers were more likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding. The study concluded that health workers need to address cultural barriers through education to promote exclusive breastfeeding among rural women.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Factors influencing initiation of breast feeding among postAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined factors influencing initiation of breastfeeding among postpartum mothers in Nigeria. 317 mothers were surveyed about socio-demographic factors like age, education, employment status, and psychological state. Results showed that only maternal age significantly influenced breastfeeding initiation. The majority of mothers displayed good knowledge about breastfeeding initiation but lacked understanding of key predictive factors. It was concluded that providing mothers with more information on influencing factors could help increase initiation rates.
AN ANALYSIS OF OUTCOMES IN TWIN PREGNANCIES WITH ACTIVE FETAL SURVEILLANCE AN...Apollo Hospitals
The incidence of multiple gestations is increasing with
increasing maternal age and use of assisted reproduction
techniques. Selective fetal reduction of multifetal pregnancies is now widely practiced to reduce the higher order multiples to twins based on evidence from nonrandomised studies which suggests that this will improve the perinatal outcome. The proportion of twin pregnancies with unique fetal and maternal problems is therefore increasing. Optimising maternal, fetal and perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies continues to be a formidable challenge in the present day clinical practice.
Low birthweight delivery prevalence and associated factors as seen at a terti...Michael Olafusi
This study examined the prevalence and factors associated with low birth weight (LBW) deliveries at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria over 4 years. The key findings were:
- The prevalence of LBW deliveries was 8.3%. Most LBW babies were preterm (68.4%) or small for gestational age (53.6%).
- The predominant factors associated with LBW delivery were nulliparity, low parity (1-2), maternal age 25-35 years, hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, and short birth spacing (1-2 years).
- Effective family planning and antenatal services, particularly targeting low parity women aged 25-35 years with short inter-pregn
This study assessed mothers' knowledge of breastfeeding in Kirkuk governorate, Iraq. A questionnaire was administered to 72 mothers to evaluate their knowledge of breastfeeding. The results found that over half of mothers were young, nearly half completed primary school, and over 60% regularly visited health centers during pregnancy. However, only 40% received education on breastfeeding. The study also found that over 60% of mothers correctly answered questions about the benefits of breastfeeding, and there was a significant relationship between education during pregnancy and breastfeeding knowledge. The study recommends increased health education on breastfeeding during pregnancy to improve mothers' knowledge.
Effect of Antenatal Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise on Postnatal Stress Urinary ...Crimsonpublishers-IGRWH
Effect of Antenatal Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise on Postnatal Stress Urinary Incontinence in Primigravida - An Comparative Experimental Study by Rejisha TR in Womens health Journal
Artigo stress urinary incontinence in pregnant womenclaudiahacad
The document summarizes a review article on stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in pregnant women. It discusses the prevalence of SUI during pregnancy, which ranges from 18.6-60% according to studies, and increases with gestational age. The pathophysiology of SUI in pregnancy involves increased pressure from the growing uterus on pelvic floor muscles, along with hormonal changes, weakening the muscles and reducing sphincter function. Pelvic floor muscle exercises are found to be a safe and effective treatment for SUI during pregnancy without adverse effects. Understanding these issues can help healthcare providers counsel pregnant women on preventing and treating SUI.
Crimson Publishers_Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer Risk: A Study among ...CrimsonPublishers-SBB
Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer Risk: A Study among the Bengalee Females of West Bengal, India by Abhishikta Ghosh Roy in Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences
An Assessment of Birth Control Measures Among Women in Reproductive Age of Ka...ijtsrd
This study aimed to assess the impact of age on attitudes of married women regarding family planning and birth control measures in Kashmir. A sample of 400 married women aged 18-50 years was selected through random sampling. Data was collected using a family planning attitude scale and questionnaire. The results showed that the majority of women across all age groups had a medium level of concern about adoption of family planning measures. A medium level of concern was also observed regarding population problems, family planning, birth control, fertility control, abortion as a birth control method, and contraceptive methods. The level of concern was generally consistent across the different age groups.
The document discusses changing practices in obstetrics and midwifery care based on evidence from clinical research and methodology developments. It provides examples of beneficial practices that are evidence-based, such as active management of the third stage of labor, as well as practices of unknown effectiveness or practices likely to be ineffective or harmful. The document advocates for promoting quality care using evidence-based guidelines and recommendations.
Web of a problem exclusive breastfeeding ratesDenise Breheny
This document discusses factors that contribute to low rates of exclusive breastfeeding in the United States. It begins by outlining the Healthy People 2010 goals for breastfeeding initiation and duration, which have not been met. Major health organizations recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months. The document then examines reasons why mothers experience difficulties breastfeeding and cease breastfeeding, such as breast discomfort, perceptions of insufficient milk, lack of support, and the need to return to work. Identifying groups at higher risk, like low-income mothers and those returning to work, can help address barriers and improve breastfeeding outcomes.
Impact of Hormonal Contraceptive use upon Women's Social Relationship who att...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
- Preterm birth is defined as birth between 20-36 weeks of gestation. Preterm labor is diagnosed based on uterine contractions and cervical changes.
- Tests like fetal fibronectin and cervical length can help predict risk of preterm birth but have poor positive predictive value on their own.
- Antenatal corticosteroids between 24-34 weeks of gestation significantly reduce neonatal mortality and morbidity for preterm births within 7 days and should be considered routine.
- Magnesium sulfate before 32 weeks of gestation reduces the risk of cerebral palsy in surviving infants.
A Longitudinal Study On Feeding Practices And Morbidity Patterns Of Infants I...iosrjce
Background: Feeding practices and illnesses during infancy are of critical importance for growth and
development of children .Though several programs have been implemented by WHO and UNICEF to improve
the health status of newborn and infant, child morbidity and mortality rates in rural area are still higher
compared to urban areas in India.
Objective: To assess the feeding practices and morbidity patterns of infants in a rural field practice area .
Methodology: A longitudinal study was undertaken in field practice area under community medicine
Department, Guntur from Jan 2013 to march 2014.A birth cohort of hundred children born during first 3
months of study period were assessed and followed up till they attained 1year age .Data collected on feeding
practices ,infant illnesses and socio-demographic factors.
Results: The incidence of episodes of morbidity was 2.78 per infant per year. Respiratory Tract Infections are
most common observed illness followed by diarrhea .Majority of the mothers (90%)
Were given colostrum ,50% were breast fed their babies with in 1 hour of delivery,60% were given
EBF(Exclusive Breast Feeding ). The illnesses are less common in first 6 months of infancy compared to
letter half of life .A Significant association between feeding practices and morbidities
Conclusion: Hence focusing education on faulty feeding practices and implementation of IMNCI(integrated
management of newborn and childhood illnesses ) at gross root level by health workers need to be emphasized
This study evaluated the clinical and perinatal outcomes of 100 teenage pregnancies at a tertiary referral center in South India. The study found that teenage pregnancies had higher rates of complications like anemia (43%), preeclampsia (21%), preterm labor (21%), and emergency c-sections (33%) compared to adult pregnancies. Neonatal outcomes were also worse, with 38% of babies being low birth weight (<2.5 kg) and 21% being preterm. The study concluded that teenage pregnancy poses significant health risks to both mother and baby due to the biological immaturity of teenage mothers.
The Model Of The Effect Of Husband And Peer Support With Breastfeeding Educat...irjes
Innoncenti declaration in 1990 by the WHO aimed to support exclusive breastfeeding program.Peer
support will facilitate the sharing process where a process towards breastfeeding occurs, according to the theory
of Trans Theoretical Model (TTM). Mother has self efficacy. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of
husband and peer support with breastfeeding education class for pregnant women on knowledge, process of
change according to the theory of Trans Theoretical Model (TTM), self efficacy. The research is a quasiexperimental
research. The study design was Non - Equivalent Control Group. The sampling technique used in
this study was non-random with accidental sampling that met the inclusion criteria. Sample size was 20 cases
and 20 controls. Independent Variable: The intervention of husband and peer support with breastfeeding
education class for pregnant woman. Dependent Variable: Self efficacy. Bivariate analysis: Paired t test,
Independent t test, Regression. Multivariate Analysis: Multiple regresion. The results: knowledge on case -
control p = 0.001, process of change p = 0.002 and self-efficacy p = 0.007. Conclusion: there was an effect of
knowledge on the process of change and self efficacy. Suggestion: pregnant woman and husbandshare
experiences regarding breastfeeding in order to improve knowledge.
The document summarizes a study that assessed breastfeeding among 120 postpartum women using the LATCH assessment tool. The study found that over half (53.33%) of women had a moderate LATCH score. It also found a significant relationship between women's ages and their LATCH scores. The document provides background on the importance of breastfeeding and describes the methodology and results of the study in more detail.
Evidence-based intrapartum practice and.pdfheidilee52
The study aimed to describe evidence-based intrapartum care practices and associated factors at a tertiary hospital in the Philippines through direct observation of 170 deliveries and interviews with healthcare providers. While recommended practices like prophylactic oxytocin were followed in most cases, potentially harmful practices like episiotomy in 92% of first-time mothers and fundal pressure in 31% of mothers were also observed. Factors associated with episiotomy included being a first-time mother, longer second stage of labor, and assisted delivery. Factors linked to fundal pressure were being a first-time mother, oxytocin augmentation, and assisted delivery. Healthcare providers believed these practices can prevent tearing, though the rate of severe
Effect of a Training Program about Maternal Fetal Attachment Skills on Prenat...iosrjce
to assess effect of a training program about maternal fetal attachment skills on prenatal attachment
among primigravida women.
Subjects and Methods: A quasi experimental research design was utilized. From a specific private Antenatal
Clinic in Mansoura city-Egypt eighty primigravida women aged 20 to 35 years, at 30th week gestation, had
singleton pregnancy and can read and write were selected purposively between of January and August 2011
and was equally divided into two groups; intervention group: received a training program on two MFA skills
and control group: received the routine antenatal care. Using interview sheet and Cranley's Maternal Fetal
Attachment Scale (MFAS) the data were collected at baseline and after two and four weeks of the enrollment.
Results: MFAS score had significantly increased in the intervention group from 61.6±5.9 at the baseline to
68.5±6.8 and 69.6 ±5.9 at 32nd, 34th week gestation respectively. While the changes of the MFAS total score in
the control group were insignificant.
Conclusion: MFAS total scores had significantly increased in the intervention group at 32nd and 34th week
gestation compared to the baseline score. Conversely, the MFAS total score did not differ significantly between
the baseline and two and four weeks after enrollment among the control group.
Recommendations: Enhancing the health care providers' awareness of the MFA skills to utilize in the
promotion of the prenatal MFA and motivate the active role of the nurses in helping the pregnant women to
adhere to the appropriate MFA skills are recommended.
Effectiveness of pre delivery preparation on anxiety among Primigravida mothe...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care.
Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice
Breastfeeding Practices of Postnatal Mothers: Exclusivity, Frequency and Dura...IJEAB
This study examined breastfeeding practices of 299 postnatal mothers in southeast Nigeria in terms of exclusivity, frequency, and duration. The results showed that most mothers exclusively breastfed for a short period, with 22.3% exclusively breastfeeding for 1 month and 31.5% for 4-6 months. The majority (80.7%) breastfed infants on demand day and night, while 40.5% reported infants suckling for over 20 minutes. Breastfeeding patterns were found to differ across primary, secondary, and tertiary health institutions, though not significantly. The study concluded that efforts are needed to motivate mothers to exclusively breastfeed for the recommended 6 months.
Factors influencing the practice of exclusive breast feeding in rural communi...Alexander Decker
This study aimed to identify factors influencing the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in rural communities in Osun State, Nigeria. The study surveyed 480 nursing mothers across 5 communities. It found that only 20% of respondents practiced exclusive breastfeeding, while 80% did not. Factors found to significantly influence breastfeeding practices included: the mother's age, marital status, occupation, family income, education, and number of children. Mothers with higher incomes, education, and older/more experienced mothers were more likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding. The study concluded that health workers need to address cultural barriers through education to promote exclusive breastfeeding among rural women.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Factors influencing initiation of breast feeding among postAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined factors influencing initiation of breastfeeding among postpartum mothers in Nigeria. 317 mothers were surveyed about socio-demographic factors like age, education, employment status, and psychological state. Results showed that only maternal age significantly influenced breastfeeding initiation. The majority of mothers displayed good knowledge about breastfeeding initiation but lacked understanding of key predictive factors. It was concluded that providing mothers with more information on influencing factors could help increase initiation rates.
AN ANALYSIS OF OUTCOMES IN TWIN PREGNANCIES WITH ACTIVE FETAL SURVEILLANCE AN...Apollo Hospitals
The incidence of multiple gestations is increasing with
increasing maternal age and use of assisted reproduction
techniques. Selective fetal reduction of multifetal pregnancies is now widely practiced to reduce the higher order multiples to twins based on evidence from nonrandomised studies which suggests that this will improve the perinatal outcome. The proportion of twin pregnancies with unique fetal and maternal problems is therefore increasing. Optimising maternal, fetal and perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies continues to be a formidable challenge in the present day clinical practice.
Low birthweight delivery prevalence and associated factors as seen at a terti...Michael Olafusi
This study examined the prevalence and factors associated with low birth weight (LBW) deliveries at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria over 4 years. The key findings were:
- The prevalence of LBW deliveries was 8.3%. Most LBW babies were preterm (68.4%) or small for gestational age (53.6%).
- The predominant factors associated with LBW delivery were nulliparity, low parity (1-2), maternal age 25-35 years, hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, and short birth spacing (1-2 years).
- Effective family planning and antenatal services, particularly targeting low parity women aged 25-35 years with short inter-pregn
This study assessed mothers' knowledge of breastfeeding in Kirkuk governorate, Iraq. A questionnaire was administered to 72 mothers to evaluate their knowledge of breastfeeding. The results found that over half of mothers were young, nearly half completed primary school, and over 60% regularly visited health centers during pregnancy. However, only 40% received education on breastfeeding. The study also found that over 60% of mothers correctly answered questions about the benefits of breastfeeding, and there was a significant relationship between education during pregnancy and breastfeeding knowledge. The study recommends increased health education on breastfeeding during pregnancy to improve mothers' knowledge.
Effect of Antenatal Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise on Postnatal Stress Urinary ...Crimsonpublishers-IGRWH
Effect of Antenatal Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise on Postnatal Stress Urinary Incontinence in Primigravida - An Comparative Experimental Study by Rejisha TR in Womens health Journal
Artigo stress urinary incontinence in pregnant womenclaudiahacad
The document summarizes a review article on stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in pregnant women. It discusses the prevalence of SUI during pregnancy, which ranges from 18.6-60% according to studies, and increases with gestational age. The pathophysiology of SUI in pregnancy involves increased pressure from the growing uterus on pelvic floor muscles, along with hormonal changes, weakening the muscles and reducing sphincter function. Pelvic floor muscle exercises are found to be a safe and effective treatment for SUI during pregnancy without adverse effects. Understanding these issues can help healthcare providers counsel pregnant women on preventing and treating SUI.
Crimson Publishers_Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer Risk: A Study among ...CrimsonPublishers-SBB
Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer Risk: A Study among the Bengalee Females of West Bengal, India by Abhishikta Ghosh Roy in Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences
An Assessment of Birth Control Measures Among Women in Reproductive Age of Ka...ijtsrd
This study aimed to assess the impact of age on attitudes of married women regarding family planning and birth control measures in Kashmir. A sample of 400 married women aged 18-50 years was selected through random sampling. Data was collected using a family planning attitude scale and questionnaire. The results showed that the majority of women across all age groups had a medium level of concern about adoption of family planning measures. A medium level of concern was also observed regarding population problems, family planning, birth control, fertility control, abortion as a birth control method, and contraceptive methods. The level of concern was generally consistent across the different age groups.
The document discusses changing practices in obstetrics and midwifery care based on evidence from clinical research and methodology developments. It provides examples of beneficial practices that are evidence-based, such as active management of the third stage of labor, as well as practices of unknown effectiveness or practices likely to be ineffective or harmful. The document advocates for promoting quality care using evidence-based guidelines and recommendations.
Web of a problem exclusive breastfeeding ratesDenise Breheny
This document discusses factors that contribute to low rates of exclusive breastfeeding in the United States. It begins by outlining the Healthy People 2010 goals for breastfeeding initiation and duration, which have not been met. Major health organizations recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months. The document then examines reasons why mothers experience difficulties breastfeeding and cease breastfeeding, such as breast discomfort, perceptions of insufficient milk, lack of support, and the need to return to work. Identifying groups at higher risk, like low-income mothers and those returning to work, can help address barriers and improve breastfeeding outcomes.
Impact of Hormonal Contraceptive use upon Women's Social Relationship who att...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
- Preterm birth is defined as birth between 20-36 weeks of gestation. Preterm labor is diagnosed based on uterine contractions and cervical changes.
- Tests like fetal fibronectin and cervical length can help predict risk of preterm birth but have poor positive predictive value on their own.
- Antenatal corticosteroids between 24-34 weeks of gestation significantly reduce neonatal mortality and morbidity for preterm births within 7 days and should be considered routine.
- Magnesium sulfate before 32 weeks of gestation reduces the risk of cerebral palsy in surviving infants.
A Longitudinal Study On Feeding Practices And Morbidity Patterns Of Infants I...iosrjce
Background: Feeding practices and illnesses during infancy are of critical importance for growth and
development of children .Though several programs have been implemented by WHO and UNICEF to improve
the health status of newborn and infant, child morbidity and mortality rates in rural area are still higher
compared to urban areas in India.
Objective: To assess the feeding practices and morbidity patterns of infants in a rural field practice area .
Methodology: A longitudinal study was undertaken in field practice area under community medicine
Department, Guntur from Jan 2013 to march 2014.A birth cohort of hundred children born during first 3
months of study period were assessed and followed up till they attained 1year age .Data collected on feeding
practices ,infant illnesses and socio-demographic factors.
Results: The incidence of episodes of morbidity was 2.78 per infant per year. Respiratory Tract Infections are
most common observed illness followed by diarrhea .Majority of the mothers (90%)
Were given colostrum ,50% were breast fed their babies with in 1 hour of delivery,60% were given
EBF(Exclusive Breast Feeding ). The illnesses are less common in first 6 months of infancy compared to
letter half of life .A Significant association between feeding practices and morbidities
Conclusion: Hence focusing education on faulty feeding practices and implementation of IMNCI(integrated
management of newborn and childhood illnesses ) at gross root level by health workers need to be emphasized
This study evaluated the clinical and perinatal outcomes of 100 teenage pregnancies at a tertiary referral center in South India. The study found that teenage pregnancies had higher rates of complications like anemia (43%), preeclampsia (21%), preterm labor (21%), and emergency c-sections (33%) compared to adult pregnancies. Neonatal outcomes were also worse, with 38% of babies being low birth weight (<2.5 kg) and 21% being preterm. The study concluded that teenage pregnancy poses significant health risks to both mother and baby due to the biological immaturity of teenage mothers.
The Model Of The Effect Of Husband And Peer Support With Breastfeeding Educat...irjes
Innoncenti declaration in 1990 by the WHO aimed to support exclusive breastfeeding program.Peer
support will facilitate the sharing process where a process towards breastfeeding occurs, according to the theory
of Trans Theoretical Model (TTM). Mother has self efficacy. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of
husband and peer support with breastfeeding education class for pregnant women on knowledge, process of
change according to the theory of Trans Theoretical Model (TTM), self efficacy. The research is a quasiexperimental
research. The study design was Non - Equivalent Control Group. The sampling technique used in
this study was non-random with accidental sampling that met the inclusion criteria. Sample size was 20 cases
and 20 controls. Independent Variable: The intervention of husband and peer support with breastfeeding
education class for pregnant woman. Dependent Variable: Self efficacy. Bivariate analysis: Paired t test,
Independent t test, Regression. Multivariate Analysis: Multiple regresion. The results: knowledge on case -
control p = 0.001, process of change p = 0.002 and self-efficacy p = 0.007. Conclusion: there was an effect of
knowledge on the process of change and self efficacy. Suggestion: pregnant woman and husbandshare
experiences regarding breastfeeding in order to improve knowledge.
The document summarizes a study that assessed breastfeeding among 120 postpartum women using the LATCH assessment tool. The study found that over half (53.33%) of women had a moderate LATCH score. It also found a significant relationship between women's ages and their LATCH scores. The document provides background on the importance of breastfeeding and describes the methodology and results of the study in more detail.
Evidence-based intrapartum practice and.pdfheidilee52
The study aimed to describe evidence-based intrapartum care practices and associated factors at a tertiary hospital in the Philippines through direct observation of 170 deliveries and interviews with healthcare providers. While recommended practices like prophylactic oxytocin were followed in most cases, potentially harmful practices like episiotomy in 92% of first-time mothers and fundal pressure in 31% of mothers were also observed. Factors associated with episiotomy included being a first-time mother, longer second stage of labor, and assisted delivery. Factors linked to fundal pressure were being a first-time mother, oxytocin augmentation, and assisted delivery. Healthcare providers believed these practices can prevent tearing, though the rate of severe
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Accuracy of cervico vaginal fetal fibronectin test in predicting risk of spon...Open Access Research Paper
Preterm delivery is the leading cause of neonatal mortality. One of the best predictors to assess the risk of preterm labour (PTB) is by measuring fetal fibronectin (fFN) in cervico vaginal secretion after 26 weeks of pregnancy. The aim is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of qualitative cervico vaginal fFN in symptomatic women and asymptomatic high risk women during antenatal care. Prospective study which was conducted in Basrah Maternity and Child Hospital. It included 106 pregnant women at gestational age more than 26 weeks who had uterine contraction with or without pervious risk factors for PTB. Cervico vaginal fluid sampling was undertaken from all women included in the study after the age of 26 weeks of gestation and qualitative fFN assessment was done with 50ng/ml is the cut off point for positivity. As regard qualitative fFN assessment for predicting of PTB sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, were 71%, 87%, 40.50%, 94% respectively in symptomatic women. While in asymptomatic women with previous high risk had 26% sensitivity, 84% specificity, 32% PPV, and 87% NPV. Qualitative assessment of fFN in cervico vaginal fluid is good predictive marker in detecting of PTB.
Study of Incidence and Etiology of Prolapse at Rural Based Teaching Hospitaltheijes
In our country as large number of woman deliver at home, usually conducted by untrained dias, incidence of prolapse is higher. The etiology of prolapse was discussed by ARETAEUS, a Greek physician who believed procedentiato be result of weakness of ligaments of the uterus. There are multiple etiological factors in the developed of prolapse. Diagnosis of prolapse at the earliest will help to reduce the complications of prolapse as well as continue child bearing function of the young woman.
A Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Utero- Vaginal Prolapse and the Eff...iosrjce
Background Of The Study: Human beings are the wonderful and marvellous creatures of God. Among them
females are the beautiful and delicate creations. In spite of woman being so delicate they have to undergo many
stressful changes in their lives. .In this process of pregnancy and labour women are subjected to a lot of stress
and strain, where in their pelvic floor muscles and the structure of perineum loss its tone and may result in
utero-vaginal prolapsed.
Methodology Research approach indicates the basic procedure for conducting research. An evaluative
approach was adopted for the study to determine the effectiveness of a nursing intervention package on
prevention of utero vaginal prolapsed. pre- experimental one group pre-test and post-test design. In the present
study, the samples consist of all postnatal mothers admitted in sree Balaji medical college and hospital,
Chenna.
Result: The pre test level of knowledge highest percentage 83.3% of women’s were inadequate knowledge,
13.3% of women s were moderately adequate knowledge and 3.3% of women s were adequate knowledge. post
test value High percentage 76.7% of mothers were adequate knowledge, 23.3% f mothers were moderately
adequate knowledge and none of them were inadequate knowledge.
Conclusion: This chapter has clearly shown that the nursing intervention package is an effective strategy in
improving the knowledge of mothers.
The comparison of dinoprostone and vagiprost for induction of lobar in post t...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
This study examines labor patterns in over 26,000 women using data from the National Collaborative Perinatal Project collected between 1959-1966. The researchers found that the median time to progress from one centimeter of cervical dilation to the next decreased as labor advanced. Nulliparous women had the longest labor curves, while multiparous women had similar curves. The study suggests that the active phase of labor may not start until 5 cm of dilation in nulliparas and that a graduated approach based on cervical dilation is needed to properly diagnose abnormal labor progression.
Pregnancy outcome in women presenting with reduced fetal movements.
The study aims to evaluate maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women presenting primarily with reduced fetal movements in the third trimester. Women experiencing reduced fetal movements will undergo assessments including CTG, ultrasound, and Doppler to evaluate fetal well-being. Pregnancy outcomes such as gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, birthweight, and complications will be analyzed. The results could help improve management of reduced fetal movement cases in the future.
This study evaluated the effectiveness of applying breast milk to treat sore nipples among postnatal mothers. It found that applying breast milk significantly reduced nipple soreness in the experimental group compared to the control group. Specifically, the mean nipple soreness score decreased from 13.53 to 5.27 in the experimental group after applying breast milk for one week, while it only decreased from 9.43 to 6.53 in the control group. This provides evidence that applying breast milk is an effective treatment for sore nipples among postnatal mothers.
International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR)Mohammad Nassar
The document summarizes a study that assessed the impact of breastfeeding versus formula feeding on surgical wound healing in infants aged less than 3 months. 100 infants were divided into two groups: Group 1 received breast milk and Group 2 received formula milk. Anthropometric measurements and wound assessments were performed on post-op days 3, 7, and 14. Results found breastfed infants had higher anthropometric measurements and better wound healing outcomes like less inflammation compared to formula fed infants. The study concluded breastfeeding supports better surgical wound healing in infants during the first 3 months versus formula feeding.
A Descriptive Study on the Knowledge Regarding Breast-Feeding Problems and it...ijtsrd
1. The study assessed the knowledge of breastfeeding problems and management among 100 postnatal mothers in a hospital in Dehradun, India.
2. It found that the overall mean knowledge score was 15±3.33 out of 31. Knowledge was highest about breastfeeding introduction and lowest about breast engorgement.
3. Most common breastfeeding problems reported were painful nipples (46%), engorgement (40%), and inflammation (28%). Few mothers reported inverted or cracked nipples.
4. The majority (60%) of mothers had average knowledge of breastfeeding problems and management, while 39% had good knowledge and only 1% had very good knowledge.
Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module SIM on Level of Knowledge Regardin...ijtsrd
Background Fertility is the natural capability to produce offspring. A lack of fertility is infertility while a lack of fecundity would be called sterility. The term infertility is defined as the inability to conceive despite regular and unprotected intercourse for 2 years. However, risk factors such as the womans age, abnormal menstrual periods, history of pelvic inflammatory disease and whether there has been previous abdominal or pelvic surgery, history of undescended testicles may warrant earlier investigations and treatment of infertility. Couples should be aware that 80 will conceive within a year and 90 within two years if they dont use contraception and have regular intercourse.1 Materials and Methods A pre experimental has provided comparison between a group of subjects before and after the experimental treatment used for this study. The sample consisted 60 staff nurses those were working in obstetrics and gynecology department in selected hospital Haridwar . They were selected by Convenient non – probability Sampling Technique. Data was collected by using a structured knowledge questionnaire regarding recent advancement in infertility treatment. Data analysis is done by using descriptive and inferential method. Results Findings suggest that the pre test knowledge score was 15.45 ±3.88 which has increased to post test knowledge score 30.11 ±3.4. Independent sample “t†test was calculated to find the significant difference between means of pretest and post test knowledge scores. The calculated t value was 23.036 df=59 at p 0.05 . This significant improvement in the knowledge can be attributed to the intervention. Conclusion Based on the findings of the study after the implementation of self instructional module, there is a significant increase in knowledge of staff nurses regarding the recent advancement in infertility treatment. Bhawna Sharma | Priscilla John | Asha ""Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module (SIM) on Level of Knowledge Regarding Recent Advancements in Infertility Treatment among the Staff Nurses Working in Obstetrics and Gynecological Departments"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22929.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/22929/effectiveness-of-self-instructional-module-sim-on-level-of-knowledge-regarding-recent-advancements-in-infertility-treatment-among-the-staff-nurses-working-in-obstetrics-and-gynecological-departments/bhawna-sharma"
Current Point of View in Preterm Labor Management in AlbaniaRustem Celami
The document discusses a study conducted in Albania on the use of maintenance tocolysis therapy to prevent preterm labor. The study included 325 pregnant women between 28-32 weeks gestation hospitalized for preterm labor. Women received tocolysis therapy for over one month. Those between 28-30 weeks gestation saw more prolonged pregnancies compared to the 30-32 weeks group. The study concluded that maintenance tocolysis therapy can considerably benefit women diagnosed with preterm labor and help prolong their singleton pregnancies when medical intervention is not urgently needed. However, more research is still required.
This study aimed to determine factors influencing postnatal monitoring in the Bafang Health District of Cameroon. The study found that women who were informed of postnatal appointment dates by midwives, those who believed the appropriate period for follow-up was 6 weeks postpartum, and those who massaged their abdomen after childbirth were more likely to have knowledge of postnatal follow-up. In contrast, women with no knowledge of the appropriate periods for postnatal consultations were less likely to have knowledge. The study concluded that lack of knowledge about postnatal consultations and traditional practices are factors influencing postnatal follow-up in the district, and increased awareness campaigns are needed.
This study compared the efficacy and safety of intravaginal misoprostol versus transcervical Foley catheter for cervical ripening prior to labor induction. 104 women with unfavorable cervices (Bishop score ≤4) were randomly assigned to receive either 25 μg misoprostol vaginally every 6 hours or a Foley catheter inserted transcervically. The misoprostol group had a shorter mean induction to delivery interval (14.03 hours) compared to the Foley catheter group (18.40 hours). The rate of vaginal delivery was also higher in the misoprostol group (76.7%) than the Foley catheter group (56.8%). However, both methods were found to be equally
[[IAA JSR 10(1)49-60, 2023.Awareness and Practice of Breast Feeding among Mot...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
Breastfeeding is a key tool for nourishing a baby, preventing childhood illnesses like obesity, and hypertension later on in life. In addition, it reduces the cost to the family and the entire country. Uganda to some extent faces a great deal of challenges, particularly in the health sector. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of exclusive breastfeeding in mothers with infants between 1 day to 2 years of age attending the immunization and the pediatric inpatient in Kiryandongo Hospital and to identify factors that affect exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). A cross-section descriptive survey design was used. 187 respondents were selected randomly. The data were collected using a questionnaire and the data was analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency and percentages. The result of this study showed that 71.2 % knew the correct definition and duration of exclusive breastfeeding, 59.7% exclusively breastfeeds for the first six (6) months of life, 100% gave colostrum to their babies because they believed it provides nutrition and protection to their babies, 87% breastfed on demand. The result also showed that there is a positive attitude of mothers toward exclusive breastfeeding as 86.6% of them agreed that breast milk alone is sufficient to the baby during the first six (6) months of life as well as believed that EBF has benefits to both the infants and the mother. 51% of respondents weaned their babies between 15-18 months and 41% weaned between 19 months to 2 years. It was concluded that there was a high level of knowledge on breastfeeding among the respondents, more than half of the respondents practiced exclusive breastfeeding as recommended and relatively all the respondents had positive attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding.
Keywords: knowledge, attitude, practice, breastfeeding, mothers
Misconceptions about Oral Contraceptive Pill Used Among Women at Primary Heal...iosrjce
This document summarizes a study that examined misconceptions about oral contraceptive pills among women in Holy Karbala City, Iraq. The study involved a survey of 200 women attending primary health care centers. The survey assessed demographic information, reproductive histories, and levels of agreement with statements about potential consequences of oral contraceptive use. The results found that most participants were between 21-35 years old, housewives, and had primary education or less. Regarding reproductive histories, most had 1-2 pregnancies and deliveries. Assessment of misconceptions showed that over 50% of participants believed myths such as oral contraceptives causing nervousness or infertility. However, participants correctly understood the effectiveness of oral contraceptives in preventing pregnancy
This document proposes methods for generating electricity from speed breakers. It discusses 5 classifications of speed breaker power generators that use different mechanisms: 1) a chain drive mechanism, 2) a rack and pinion system, 3) direct use of the load through a reciprocating device, 4) a translator and stator topology, and 5) a pressure lever mechanism. The document also outlines the advantages of using speed breakers for power generation such as low cost and maintenance and being a renewable source. Some challenges are also noted such as selecting a suitable generator and dealing with rain damage.
Cassava waste water was used as an admixture to replace distilled water in ratios of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% for producing sandcrete blocks. 60 sandcrete blocks of size 450mm x 150mm x 225mm were produced with different admixture ratios and a control with 0% admixture. The blocks were cured for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days and then tested for moisture content, specific gravity, water absorption, and compressive strength. Test results showed that blocks with 20% cassava waste water admixture met the minimum compressive strength requirement of 3.30 N/mm2 set by Nigerian standards, indicating the potential of cassava waste water to improve sandcrete block quality and
The document presents a theorem on random fixed points in metric spaces. It begins with introductions to fixed point theory, random fixed point theory, and relevant definitions. The main result is Theorem 3.1, which proves that if a self-mapping E on a complete metric space X satisfies certain contraction conditions involving parameters between 0 and 1, then E has a unique fixed point. The proof constructs a Cauchy sequence that converges to the unique fixed point. The document contributes to the study of random equations and random fixed point theory, which has applications in nonlinear analysis, probability theory, and other fields.
1. The document discusses applying multi-curve reconstruction technology to seismic inversion to improve accuracy and reliability. It focuses on reconstructing SP and RMN curves from well logs that are affected by various distortions.
2. The process of reconstructing the curves involves removing baseline drift, standardizing values, applying linear filtering, and fitting the curves. This removes interference and retains valid lithological information.
3. Reconstructing high quality curves improves the resolution and credibility of seismic inversion results. The method is shown to effectively predict sand distribution with little error.
This document compares the performance of a Minimum-Mean-Square-Error (MMSE) adaptive receiver and a conventional Rake receiver for receiving Ultra-Wideband (UWB) signals over a multipath fading channel. It first describes the UWB pulse shapes and channel model used, including the 6th derivative of the Gaussian pulse and the IEEE 802.15.3a modified Saleh-Valenzuela channel model. It then discusses the Direct-Sequence and Time-Hopping transmission and multiple access schemes for UWB. The document presents the receiver structures for the MMSE adaptive receiver and Rake receiver and compares their performance using MATLAB simulations.
This document summarizes a study on establishing logging interpretation models for reservoir parameters like porosity, permeability, oil saturation, and gas saturation in the Gaotaizi Reservoir of the L Oilfield. Models were developed using core data from 4 wells and include:
1) A porosity model relating acoustic travel time to porosity with an error of 0.92%
2) A permeability model relating permeability to porosity with an error of 0.31%
3) An oil saturation model using resistivity data with empirically determined parameters
4) A method to determine original gas saturation from mercury injection data.
Application of the models improved interpretation precision and allowed recalculation of oil and gas reserves for the
This document discusses predicting spam videos on social media platforms using machine learning. It proposes using attributes like number of likes, comments, and view count to classify videos as spam or not spam. A predictive algorithm is developed that uses threshold values for attributes and natural language processing of comments to classify videos. Testing of the algorithm on a dataset achieved a spam prediction precision of 93.6%. Issues with small datasets decreasing accuracy are also discussed, along with continuing work to address this issue.
1) The study experimentally evaluated the compatibility relationship between polymer solutions and oil layers through core flooding tests with different permeability cores.
2) The results showed that injection rate decreased with increasing polymer concentration and molecular weight, and increased with permeability.
3) Based on the results, boundaries for injection capability were established and a compatibility chart was proposed to guide polymer solution selection for different sedimentary microfacies in the field based on permeability and pore size.
1. The document discusses the identification of lithologic traps in the D3 Member of the Gaonan Region using seismic attribute analysis, acoustic impedance inversion, and sedimentary microfacies analysis.
2. Several lithologic traps were identified in the I and II oil groups of the D3 Member, with the largest trap located between wells G46 and G146X1 covering an area of about 2.35 km2.
3. Impedance inversion, seismic attribute analysis, and sedimentary microfacies characterization using 3D seismic data helped determine the location and development of effective lithologic traps in the thin sandstone-shale interbeds of the target stratum.
This document examines using coal ash as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Coal ash was substituted for cement at rates of 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight. Testing found that concrete with a 5% substitution of coal ash exhibited only a slight decrease in compressive strength of 2% at 28 days while gaining improved workability. Higher substitution rates of 10% and 15% coal ash led to greater decreases in compressive and tensile strength. The study concludes that a 5% substitution of coal ash for cement provides benefits of reduced cost and improved workability with minimal strength impacts, representing an effective use of a waste material that addresses sustainability.
Accounting professional judgment involves handling accounting events and compiling financial reports according to regulations and standards. However, professional judgment is sometimes manipulated to distort accounting information. The document discusses three ways manipulation occurs: 1) abandoning accounting principles, 2) optional changes to accounting policies, and 3) abuse of accounting estimates. The causes of manipulation include distorted motivations from corporate governance issues and catering to various stakeholder interests. Strengthening supervision and improving the accounting system are proposed to manage manipulation of professional judgment.
The document discusses research on the distribution of oil and water in the eastern block of the Chao202-2 area in China. It establishes standards for identifying oil, poor oil, dry, and water layers using well logging data. Analysis shows structural reservoirs are dominant and fault and sand body configuration control oil-water distribution. Oil-water distribution varies between fault blocks from "up oil, bottom water" to "up water, bottom oil" depending on structure and sand body development.
The document describes an intelligent fault diagnosis system for reciprocating pumps that uses pressure and flow signals as inputs. It consists of hardware for data acquisition and a software system for signal processing, feature extraction, and fault diagnosis using wavelet neural networks. The system was able to accurately diagnose three main fault types - seal ring faults, valve damage, and spring faults - based on differences observed in the pressure curves. Testing on over 12 samples of each fault type achieved a correct diagnosis rate of over 94%. The system provides a fast and effective means of remotely monitoring reciprocating pumps and identifying faults.
This document discusses the application of meta-learning algorithms in banking sector data mining for fraud detection. It proposes using Classification and Regression Tree (CART), AdaBoost, LogitBoost, Bagging and Dagging algorithms for classification of banking transaction data. The experimental results show that Bagging algorithm has the best performance with the lowest misclassification rate, making it effective for banking fraud detection through data mining. Data mining can help banks detect patterns for applications like credit scoring, payment default prediction, fraud detection and risk management by analyzing customer transaction history and loan details.
This document presents a numerical solution for unsteady heat and mass transfer flow past an infinite vertical plate with variable thermal conductivity, taking into account Dufour number and heat source effects. The governing equations are non-linear and coupled, and were solved numerically using an implicit finite difference scheme. Various parameters, including Dufour number and heat source, were found to influence the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. Skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number were also calculated.
The document discusses methods for obtaining a background image using depth information from a depth camera to more accurately extract foreground objects. It finds that accumulating depth images and taking the median value at each pixel provides the most accurate background image. The accuracy of three methods - average, median, and mode - are evaluated using simulated depth data of a captured plane. The median method provides the best results, followed by average, while mode performs worst. More accumulated images provide a more accurate background image across all methods.
This document presents a mathematical model for determining the minimum overtaking sight distance (OSDm) required for an ascending vehicle to safely pass another slower vehicle on a single lane highway with an incline. It defines sight distance, stopping sight distance, perception-reaction time and derives equations to calculate the reaction distance (d1), overtaking distance (d2), vehicle travel distance during overtaking (d3), and total minimum OSDm based on vehicle characteristics, road geometry, and coefficients of friction. The safe overtaking zone is defined as 3 times the minimum OSDm. The model accounts for effects of slope angle and aims to satisfy laws of mechanics for overtaking maneuvers on inclined two-way single lane highways.
This document discusses a novel technique for better analysis of ice properties using Kalman filtering. It summarizes previous research on sea ice segmentation using SAR imagery and dual polarization techniques. It proposes using an automated SAR algorithm along with Kalman filtering to more accurately detect sea ice properties from RADARSAT1 and RADARSAT2 imagery data. The document reviews techniques for image segmentation, dual polarization, PMA detection, and related work on sea ice classification using statistical ice properties, edge preserving region models, and object extraction methods.
This document summarizes a study on the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in bass fish (Morone Saxatilis) caught at Rodoni Cape in the Adriatic Sea in Albania. Samples of bass fish were collected from five sites and analyzed for mercury, lead, and cadmium levels in their muscles. The concentrations of heavy metals varied between fish and sites but were below international limits for human consumption. While the fish were found to be safe for eating, the study recommends continuous monitoring of metal levels in fish from the area due to various factors that can influence metal uptake over time.
This document discusses optimal maintenance policies for repairable systems with linearly increasing hazard rates. It considers a system with a constant repair rate and predetermined availability requirement. There are two maintenance policies: corrective maintenance only, and preventive maintenance at set time intervals. The goal is to determine the preventive maintenance interval that guarantees the availability requirement at minimum cost. Equations are developed to calculate the availability under each policy and the optimal preventive maintenance interval based on both availability and cost. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the decision process in determining the optimal policy.
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Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
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TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
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A04730108
1. IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) www.iosrjen.org
ISSN (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719
Vol. 04, Issue 07 (July. 2014), ||V3|| PP 01-08
International organization of Scientific Research 1 | P a g e
Woman's Awareness about Initiation and Continuation of Breast
feeding among Cesarean Section at Baghdad City- Iraq.
Iqbal Majeed Abbas Prof. PhD.
Maternal and Child Health Nursing Department, College of Nursing, University of Baghdad, Iraq
Abstract: - Background: Breast feeding is the best way to provide unique biological and emotional effects on
mothers and their newborn babies.
Objectives: To identify women's awareness about initiation and continuation of breastfeeding among cesarean
section and predict the variables which contribute in initiation and continuation of breastfeeding.
Methodology: Non probability - a purposive sample of 30 women who had caesarean section and follow them
for the first month after birth at Fatima Al-Zahra'a Maternity and Pediatric Teaching Hospital through the
period from 16 May to 2 August 2011. Questionnaire developed by the researcher was based on review of
literature and related studies and background experience as a tool of data collection. It was consisted of four
parts (demographic , reproductive , initiation and continuation of breastfeeding). Content validity was carried
out through eleven experts. A pilot study was conducted to test the reliability of the questionnaire and
descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analysis of data.
Results: Results of the study revealed that 43.3% of study sample initiation of breastfeeding during 24 hours
after cesarean section, 76.7% of them had continued breastfeeding, 26% of them had exclusive breastfeeding.
Prediction of six variables which contribute in initiation and continuation of breast feeding ( age, parity, number
of alive children, age at marriage, place of previous delivery and previous initiation of breastfeeding).
Conclusions: Most of the study sample did not aware about the exclusive breastfeeding; one quarter of them
had discontinuation of breastfeeding due to inadequate of their milk and newborn refused to take the breast
during breastfeeding.
Recommendations: Reactivated the role of Baby Friendly hospital Initiative in promoting breastfeeding by
implementation of ten steps successful breastfeeding and counseling women during pregnancy and immediate
postpartum about initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding for six months after birth.
Key words: - Awareness, Breastfeeding, Cesarean Section, Continuation and Initiation.
I. INTRODUCTION
WHO estimates that worldwide only 35% of children between birth and their fifth month are breastfed
exclusively. In order to achieve the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of reduction of child mortality,
infant breastfeeding has been identified as one of the major intervention areas both globally and nationally.
Extensive research in various countries has provided evidence that breastfeeding has clear health benefits for
infants as well as the mother (1)
. The current breastfeeding goals for Healthy People 2010 are that 75% of
women breastfeed in the early postpartum period (initiation), 50% of women remain breastfeeding at 6 months
and 25% of women remain breastfeeding at one year(2)
. In Iraq Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2006 appear
only 31 percentage of women started breastfeeding within one hour of birth, with this percentage increasing to
85 percent when considering breastfeeding within one day of birth. Women differed in the timing of initial
breastfeeding according to governorates, particularly when considering initiation of breastfeeding within one
hour. Initial breastfeeding also varied with area of residence, increasing slightly from metropolitan to other
urban to rural areas. A study in Mexico shows that C/S is a risk factor for not initiating breastfeeding and for
breastfeeding for less than one month, but it is unrelated to the duration of breastfeeding among women who
breastfeed their babies for one month or more (3)
. Researcher tries to investigate the importance of initiation and
maintenance of breastfeeding as a simple and cheap method that fight the infectious diseases which increase the
economic and medical burdens, especially in a developing society like Iraq. Objectives of this study are to
identify women's awareness about initiation and continuation of breastfeeding among cesarean section and
predict the variables which contribute in initiation and continuation of breastfeeding.
II. METHODOLOGY
A descriptive analytic design was conducted at Fatima Al-Zahra'a Maternity and pediatric Teaching
Hospital from 16th
May to 2nd
August 2011. Non probability - a purposive sample was utilized to select the
research sample. Questionnaire developed by the researcher was based on review of literature and related
studies and background experience, as a tool of data collection. It was consisted of four parts (demographic,
2. Woman's Awareness about Initiation and Continuation of Breastfeeding among Cesarean Section at
International organization of Scientific Research 2 | P a g e
reproductive, initiation and continuation of breastfeeding), initiation of breastfeeding questionnaire items were
rates and scored to two items as two for yes & one for no, while the numeric values for the negatives items of
the scale were one for yes & 1 for yes, so the cut – off – point was 1.5. Content validity was carried out through
eleven experts. Pilot study was carried out on (13) women postoperative cesarean section to determine the
reliability of questionnaire through use split-half approach and computing of reliability coefficient were (0.906)
for knowledge questions & (0.853) for practical questions. Data was collected from 42 postoperative women
who have cesarean section 28.5% of them were dropped out and the remaining of them was 30. Before each
interview the researcher explained to the participant the significance of the research study and they were
voluntary and can be withdrawn from the study at any stage. The data was collected from study sample after full
recovery through the utilization of the study instrument, and interview technique for each postoperative woman,
and reviewing their medical records as means of data collection and follow up during postpartum discharge for
four weeks by phone contact to all study samples after discharge from hospital. Descriptive and inferential
statistics were used to analysis of data.
III. RESULTS
Table (1): Types & Indication of Cesarean Section of Study Sample.
Variables Study group (n=30)
Types of C/S No. %
Elective 17 56.7
Emergency 13 43.3
Indication for C/S for mother
Primipara 16 53.3
Previous C/S 10 33.3
Prolonged of labor 1 3.3
Mother distress 1 3.3
Failure of induction of labor 10 33.3
Constructed pelvic 1 3.3
Oligohydramnios 1 3.3
Post term labor 2 6.7
Placenta previa 0 0
Abruptio placenta 1 3.3
Indication for C/S for fetus
Fetal distress 10 33.3
Macrosomia 1 3.3
Breech presentation 6 20
Gender of the baby
Male 17 56.7
Female 13 43.3
Weight at birth
Normal (2500-4000)gm 29 96.7
More than (4000) gm 1 3.3
± SD = 3046.6 ± 451
Table (1) shows that the highest percentages (56.7%) of them have elective C/S, half of them were primipara,
(33.3%) of them had previous C/S, and (33.3%) of them had failure of induction of labor. Concerning the
indication of C/S for fetus: the highest percentages (33.3%) of them had fetal distress and (20%) had breech
presentation.(56.7%) of them have male newborn and (96.7%) were within the normal weight (2500-4000) gm.
Table (2): Distributions of Women's Knowledge Regarding Initiation of Breastfeeding (n = 30).
No. Items Yes No Mean of
score
1.
What is given to the newborn baby immediately
after birth
No. % No. %
1.1. Colostrums (breast milk) 28 93.3 2 6.7 1.93
1.2. Artificial milk 2 6.7 28 93.3 1.06
1.3. Water & sugar 0 0 30 100 1.oo
2. Reasons for immediate lactation
x
3. Woman's Awareness about Initiation and Continuation of Breastfeeding among Cesarean Section at
International organization of Scientific Research 3 | P a g e
2.1. Maintain newborn body temperature 2 6.7 28 93.3 1.06
2.2. Help in initiation of breastfeeding 4 13.4 26 86.7 1.13
2.3. Nutrition for newborn 9 30 21 70 1.30
2.4. Give colostrums for increase newborn immunity 15 50 15 50 1.50
3. What do you mean of colostrums
3.1. Yellowish or creamy-appearing fluid 14 46.7 16 53.3 1.46
3.2. Contains larger percentage of protein & less fat 2 6.7 28 93.3 1.06
4. When the colostrum is secreted after birth
4.2. First day 1 3.3 29 96.7 1.03
4.3. Second day 1 3.3 29 96.7 1.03
4.4. First three days 17 56.7 13 43.3 1.57
5. What are the benefits of colostrum for the newborn baby
5.1. First immunization for newborn baby 12 40 18 60 1.40
5.2. Contain more proteins & some salts & vitamins 1 3.3 29 96.7 1.03
5.3. Laxative for excretion meconium from bowel 3 10 27 90 1.10
5.4. Prevent newborn baby from jaundice 2 6.7 28 93.3 1.06
5.5. Improvement chances for growth & develop… 3 10 27 90 1.10
6. What are the benefits of breastfeeding for mother
6.1. Reduce incidence of postpartum hemorrhage 1 3.3 29 96.7 1.03
6.2. Allows the uterus to contract 3 10 27 90 1.10
6.3. One method of family planning for six month 0 0 30 100 1.00
6.4. Reduce incidence of breast cancer 2 6.7 28 93.3 1.06
6.5. Promote maternal weight loss 3 10 27 90 1.10
6.6. Strength bonding between mother & newborn baby 2 6.7 28 93.3 1.06
6.7. Mother milk is always available 1 3.3 29 96.7 1.03
6.8. Culturally; ideological & social acceptable 0 0 30 100 1.00
7. What are the benefits of breastfeeding for newborn baby
7.1. Temperature of breast milk is constant 2 6.7 28 93.3 1.06
7.2. Best source of nutrition 11 36.7 19 63.3 1.36
7.3. Prevent incidence of gastroenteritis 22 73.3 8 26.7 1.73
7.4. Improvement of mental development for children 1 3.3 29 96.7 1.03
8.
The benefits of breastfeeding for family is saving
money
8 26.7 22 73.3 1.26
9.
There is the different between the foremilk & hind
milk
3 10 27 90 1.10
9.1. Foremilk contain water, vitamins, & protein 2 6.7 28 93.3 1.06
9.2. Hind milk contain fat 1 3.3 29 96.7 1.03
10. Duration of breastfeeding for newborn baby
10.1. 6.1 - 12 (months) 1 3.3 29 96.7 1.03
10.2. 12.1 - 18 (months) 2 6.7 28 93.3 1.06
10.3. 18.1 - 24 (months) 23 76.7 7 23.3 1.76
10.4. > 24 (months) 2 6.7 28 93.3 1.06
11. How long do you belief that mother's milk is enough for newborn baby without any water
11.1. < 1 (month) 19 63.3 11 36.7 1.63
11.2. 1 - 6 (months) 5 16.7 25 83.3 1.16
11.3 6.1 - 12 (months) 4 13.3 26 86.7 1.13
11.4 12.1 - 24 (months) 1 3.3 29 96.7 1.03
12. Duration of exclusive breastfeeding for newborn baby
12.1 Less than 6 month 1 3.3 29 96.7 1.03
12.2 6 months 1 3.3 29 96.7 1.03
12.3 More than 6 months 1 3.3 29 96.7 1.03
Table (2) shows that The highest mean score ( 1.93) related to women's knowledge in initiation of BF in
item (1.1): colostrums is the first feeding given to the newborn baby immediately after birth while the
lowest mean score in three items (1-1 ): Water & sugar, item (6.3): One method of family planning for six
month and item ( 6.8): Culturally, ideological & social acceptable
4. Woman's Awareness about Initiation and Continuation of Breastfeeding among Cesarean Section at
International organization of Scientific Research 4 | P a g e
Table ( 3 ): Distributions of Women's Practices Regarding Initiation of Breastfeeding (n = 30).
No. Items Yes No Mean of
score1. Initiation of BF after C/S during No. % No. %
1.1. 2-4 hours 0 0 30 100 1.00
1.2. 4-6 hours 11 36.7 19 63.3 1.36
1.3. During 24 hours 13 43.3 17 56.7 1.43
1.4. After 24 hours 4 13.3 26 86.7 1.13
± SD 8.66 ±9.57
2. Preparation for breastfeeding
2.1. Hand washing with water & soap 8 26.7 22 73.3 1.26
2.2. Breast washing with water & soap 1 3.3 29 96.7 1.03
2.3. Nipple washing with water only 13 43.3 17 56.7 1.43
2.4.
Squeeze drops from milk on nipple
before lactation
10 33.3 20 66.7 1.33
2.5. Hands wipe by wet napkins 2 6.7 28 93.3 1.06
3. Signs of good attachment for baby is
3.1. Newborn baby attach mother body 23 76.7 7 23.3 1.76
3.2. Turn baby toward mother 24 80 6 20 1.80
3.3. The baby's chin is touching the breast 15 50 15 50 1.50
3.4. The baby's mouth is wide open 22 73.3 8 26.7 1.73
3.5.
Entering part of areola in the baby's
mouth
13 43.3 17 56.7 1.43
3.6. The baby's lower lips flanged 2 6.7 28 93.3 1.06
4. What are type of positions do you practice during lactation
4.1. Sitting position 27 90 3 10 1.90
4.2. Side lying position 5 16.7 25 83.3 1.16
5. How do you practice breastfeeding
5.1. On demand 28 93.3 2 6.7 1.16
5.2. Schedule 2 6.7 28 93.3 1.83
Table ( 3 ) shows that The highest mean score ( 1.90) related to women's practices in initiation of BF in item
(4.1): assume sitting position during lactation while the lowest mean score in item (1-1 ): initiation of BF after
C/S during from 2-4 hours .
Table (4): Maintenance of Breastfeeding Regarding Continuation of Breastfeeding for study sample during
Three Sequencing Follow up of Study Sample after Childbirth (n=30)
No. Items Answer First follow up (2nd
week)
Second follow up
(3rd
week)
Third follow up (4th
week)
No. % MS No. % MS No. % MS
1 Do you continue on BF
Yes 25 83.3
1.83
22 73.3
1.73
23 76.7
1.77
No 5 16.7 8 26.7 7 23.3
2. Lactation from both breasts
2.1
Change of breast during
lactation in each feeding
Yes 17 68 1.68 13 59 1.59 14 61 1.61
No 8 32 9 41 9 39
No 19 76 15 68 16 69.7
2.2
Baby prefers one breast in
feeding
Yes 2 8 1.08 2 9 1.09 2 8.7 1.09
No 23 92 20 91 21 91.3
3
practice breastfeeding on
demand
Yes 25 100 2.00 22 100 2.00 23 100 2.00
No 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 Type of positioning
4.1 Sitting position
Yes 25 100 2.00 22 100 2.00 23 100 2.00
No 0 0 0 0 0 0
4.2 Side lying position
Yes 4 16 1.16 2 9 1.09 3 13 1.13
No 21 84 20 91 20 87
5 Complain of any problems during BF
5.1 Nipple sore
Yes 6 24 1.76 5 22.5 1.77 0 0 2.00
No 19 76 17 77.3 23 100
5.2 Engorgement
Yes 3 12 1.88 3 13.7 1.86 0 0 2.00
No 22 88 19 86.3 23 100
5.3 Nipple pain
Yes 0 0 2.00 0 0 2.00 1 4.3 1.95
No 25 100 22 100 22 95.7
5. Woman's Awareness about Initiation and Continuation of Breastfeeding among Cesarean Section at
International organization of Scientific Research 5 | P a g e
The table (4) revealed that the highest mean score ( 2.00) of them preferred to feed their baby on demand on
three subsequences follow up while the lowest mean score (1.9) of them prefer to feed their baby on one breast
during single feeding.
Table (5): Reasons for Discontinuation of Breastfeeding during Three Sequencing Follow up after
Childbirth.
Items
First follow up
(2nd
week) n=5
Second follow up
(3rd
week) n=8
Third follow up
(4th
week) n=7
*Reasons for discontinuation
of BF
No. % No. % No. %
Not enough milk 2 40 3 37.5 2 28.7
Don't sleep between feeding 2 40 1 12.5 1 14.3
Excretion stool less than two
time daily
0 0 0 0 1 14.3
Don't increase baby weight 1 20 0 0 0 0
Pain in the breast 1 20 1 12.5 1 14.3
The newborn baby refuse
lactation
1 20 3 37.5 4 57
Problems in the nipple 1 20 1 12.5 0 0
The newborn baby sick 1 20 2 25 1 14.3
* More than one answer
The table (5) shows that the highest percentage (40%) did not have enough milk during first follow up as a
reasons for discontinuation of breastfeeding during first and second follow up while the highest percentage
(57%) the newborn baby refused lactation as a reasons for discontinuation of breastfeeding during third follow
up.
Table ( 6 ): Predication the Variables Contribute in Initiation of Breastfeeding by using Simple Linear
regression.
Variables study Group
Independent Dependent R df F Sig. C.S.
Age *K. & P. 0.406 28 5.550 0.026 S
Educational level K. & P. 0.138 28 0.550 0.464 NS
Occupation K. & P. 0.063 28 0.100 0.752 NS
Socioeconomic Status K. & P. 0.105 28 0.320 0.579 NS
Parity K. & P. 0.422 28 6.080 0.020 S
No. of Alive children K. & P. 0.422 28 6.080 0.020 S
Age at marriage K. & P. 0.386 28 4.900 0.035 S
Place of previous delivery K. & P. 0.422 28 6.080 0.020 S
previous initiation of BF K. & P. 0.371 28 4.470 0.044 S
Gender of the baby K. & P. 0.332 28 3.470 0.073 NS
* K. refers to Knowledge P. refers to Practices
Table (6) revealed that age, parity, number of alive children, age at marriage, place of previous delivery and
previous initiation of breastfeeding were the predication variables which contribute in initiation of breastfeeding
(knowledge & practices) in study sample.
IV. DISCUSSION
The present study reveals that the highest percentages (36.7%) at age group (20-24) years and the mean
with standard deviation (SD) of age for both groups were (23.7 ± 6.46). and there is an association between the
age and initiation of breastfeeding (knowledge & practices) as shown in table (6). It was found that the
significance of the age differentials in the initiation of breastfeeding decreased considerably when
socioeconomic and demographic factors were controlled. A significant difference remained only between very
young mothers aged 15 years and those aged 20-29 years. More than 25 years are more likely to initiate and
6. Woman's Awareness about Initiation and Continuation of Breastfeeding among Cesarean Section at
International organization of Scientific Research 6 | P a g e
continue BF than younger women (4)
. In general, a younger maternal age, especially under the age of 18 years,
is thought to be related to a significantly shorter duration of actual and intended breastfeeding. Older mothers,
typically women over the age of 30 years, are reported to be more likely to initiate breastfeeding, and to
continue this act for a longer period of time (5)
. In other studies of Middle Eastern women, there was no positive
association was found between maternal age & initiation of breastfeeding in Kuwait, United Arab Emirates
(UAE) & Saudi Arabia (6)
. The level of education plays a large role in influencing a woman to breastfeed the
child. It has been found that mothers with a higher education level tend to initiate breastfeeding more often, and
also tend to breastfeed their child for a longer period of time than do their less educated counterparts (7)
. The
present study reveals that the majority of study sample (93.3%) were housewives. The present study also
reveals that there is no association between occupation & initiation of breastfeeding (knowledge & practices) as
shown in table (6). Maternal employment is a factor that has received much acknowledgement in influencing a
mother’s decision to breastfeed the child (8)
.
The present study reveals that the highest percentages (96.7%) were from urban area. It was reported
that the Iraq is experiencing rapid urbanization. An increasingly urban lifestyle can lead to alterations in
traditional behaviors such as BF. In addition, evidence shows that maternal education, social class, ethnic
background and religion are related to the decision to initiate and continue BF (9)
. The present study reveals that
the highest percentage (60%) was in moderate socioeconomic status. The present study also reveals that there is
no association between socioeconomic status & initiation of breastfeeding (knowledge & practices) as shown in
table (6). Women from lower-income families are less likely to breastfeed for a number of reasons, including
less family support for breastfeeding, less ability to seek help with breastfeeding problems, less flexibility with
working arrangements, and concerns about breastfeeding in public (10)
. The present study reveals that more than
half of study sample were primigravida and multiparous. The present study also reveals that there is an
association between parity & initiation of breastfeeding (knowledge & practices) as shown in table (6). Some
authors have found that primiparous women are more likely to initiate breastfeeding than multiparas, but
multiparous women breastfeed for longer periods of time (11)
. The present study reveals that the more than half
of study sample had first alive children.
The present study reveals that the highest percentage (71.5%) show that their initiate breastfeeding
during 24 hours. The present study also reveals that there is an association between previous initiation &
initiation of breastfeeding (knowledge & practices) as shown in table (6). Multiparous women with a previous
negative breastfeeding experience are likely to need support to attempt to breastfeed again. Previous studies
indicated that if the breastfeeding experience is positive, breastfeeding can increase positive maternal affect (12)
.
The present study reveals that the highest percentage (56.7%) have elective C/S. Regardless to the type
of cesarean section mothers who delivered by caesarean section were at 1.9 times more risk of stopping breast
feeding and showed shorter duration of lactation than those who delivered vaginally. This could be for several
reasons related to the mother’s and infant’s health after delivery which influences the decision to breastfeed and
maintain lactation. In addition, the mother’s feeling that she has failed to deliver normally by the vaginal route
and her fear of harming her infant through insufficient milk intake make her support the use of artificial feeding.
Previous studies have reported that caesarean section delivery was a risk factor for not initiating breastfeeding,
and that infants delivered by caesarean section started suckling later and were given bottles more often during
the first days of life. This, in addition to lack of antenatal and postnatal education to guide the mother into
initiating lactation and maintaining it through regular and extensive breastfeeding, certainly influences the
infant’s feeding pattern (13)
. The present study reveals that the highest percentage (73.3%) did not have any
advices or instructions about breastfeeding (23.3%) the family & mother was a source of knowledge about
breastfeeding. Family members including mother, mother in law and baby's grandmothers can play critical
support role, both with regard assisting in decision-making about how the baby is fed and providing support for
breastfeeding after the baby is born (2)
. Health care providers have an important impact on intention to
breastfeed, initiation and consequent duration of breastfeeding. Commencement of early breastfeeding was
associated with the proportion of mothers who fully breastfed their infants up to four months. After cesarean
section, a mother should continue to feed the baby on demand, but she will need help for a few days to hold the
baby, to learn how to breastfeed lying down, and to turn over and to position herself comfortably for feeds.
Hospital staff and family members can all help the mother in this way. Most mothers can breastfeed normally
after a cesarean delivery if they are given appropriate help, usually about 4 hours after delivery. In our study
population, women having a caesarean section had lower rates of exclusive breastfeeding than with vaginal
delivery. Due to the feeling of pain in their abdominal incision, movement is limited because of catheterization
and intravenous lines, and Chinese mothers worry about the side effects of medicines which may pass to the
baby via breast milk (14)
. The decrease in exclusive breastfeeding in the study sample could have been due to a
misconception among mothers and their families about the early introduction of water and other liquids (i.e.
artificial milk) and of food supplements to their infants. Continuous breastfeeding education of mothers and
their close relatives, with special emphasis on the advantages of exclusive breastfeeding during the first months
7. Woman's Awareness about Initiation and Continuation of Breastfeeding among Cesarean Section at
International organization of Scientific Research 7 | P a g e
of life, would therefore help to improve their knowledge and lead to the adoption of healthy practices. At the
end of the first follow up (2nd
week), the rates of exclusive breastfeeding was (28%) by the end of second follow
was (22.7%) and (4th
week) the rates was (26%). The majority of mothers believe that 'exclusive breastfeeding'
cannot satisfy their baby's need for food until six months. Because of this the majority of babies were fed infant
formula or solid food before four months. Breastfeeding education during the antenatal period or in hospital
does not seem to be enough to counter parent influences of traditional beliefs and modern television
commercials. Social support helps reduce maternal stress by providing a mechanism for individuals to access
information, receive emotional support, and get help as they cope with stressors caused by the newness of
motherhood (15)
. The present study also reveals that the main reasons for discontinuation of breastfeeding is not
enough milk in addition ,the newborn refused lactation as shown in table (5). Breast problems such as sore and
inverted nipples, and mastitis were very common in breastfeeding mothers especially in the first month (16)
.
Conclusion: Most study sample was primipara, previous C/S, fetal distress & breech presentation as indication
for C/S and had born male baby with normal weight. The main source of advice & instruction in breastfeeding
was mother & mother in law. Nearly two third of them had continuation of breastfeeding and quarter of them
were exclusive breastfeeding. The main reasons for discontinuation of breastfeeding are not enough milk &
newborn refuse lactation. Predication variables which contribute in initiation of breastfeeding (knowledge &
practices) in study sample included six factors, which were the following: age, parity, number of alive children,
age at marriage, place of previous delivery and previous initiation of breastfeeding.
V. RECOMMENDATIONS
In-services education for the nurse’s regarding knowledge of the current evidence, and provides
experience in the skills necessary to fulfill their responsibility to support breastfeeding. Reactivate the role of
breastfeeding in promoting of breastfeeding by the implementation ten steps successful of breastfeeding &
organization should ensure that health workers providing breastfeeding support & receive education appropriate
to their role in breastfeeding in order to develop the knowledge, skill, and attitude to implement breastfeeding
policy & to support lactating mothers. Education & breastfeeding counseling for women during pregnancy and
after childbirth which has important role on initiation & maintenance of breastfeeding up to 6 months and
distribution of breastfeeding booklet of the instructional material to all mothers having C/S or normal vaginal
delivery and implementing LATCH breastfeeding assessment tool for women after childbirth.
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