Effectiveness of pre delivery preparation on anxiety among Primigravida mothe...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care.
Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice
Effect of a Training Program about Maternal Fetal Attachment Skills on Prenat...iosrjce
to assess effect of a training program about maternal fetal attachment skills on prenatal attachment
among primigravida women.
Subjects and Methods: A quasi experimental research design was utilized. From a specific private Antenatal
Clinic in Mansoura city-Egypt eighty primigravida women aged 20 to 35 years, at 30th week gestation, had
singleton pregnancy and can read and write were selected purposively between of January and August 2011
and was equally divided into two groups; intervention group: received a training program on two MFA skills
and control group: received the routine antenatal care. Using interview sheet and Cranley's Maternal Fetal
Attachment Scale (MFAS) the data were collected at baseline and after two and four weeks of the enrollment.
Results: MFAS score had significantly increased in the intervention group from 61.6±5.9 at the baseline to
68.5±6.8 and 69.6 ±5.9 at 32nd, 34th week gestation respectively. While the changes of the MFAS total score in
the control group were insignificant.
Conclusion: MFAS total scores had significantly increased in the intervention group at 32nd and 34th week
gestation compared to the baseline score. Conversely, the MFAS total score did not differ significantly between
the baseline and two and four weeks after enrollment among the control group.
Recommendations: Enhancing the health care providers' awareness of the MFA skills to utilize in the
promotion of the prenatal MFA and motivate the active role of the nurses in helping the pregnant women to
adhere to the appropriate MFA skills are recommended.
The comparison of dinoprostone and vagiprost for induction of lobar in post t...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Effectiveness of pre delivery preparation on anxiety among Primigravida mothe...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care.
Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice
Effect of a Training Program about Maternal Fetal Attachment Skills on Prenat...iosrjce
to assess effect of a training program about maternal fetal attachment skills on prenatal attachment
among primigravida women.
Subjects and Methods: A quasi experimental research design was utilized. From a specific private Antenatal
Clinic in Mansoura city-Egypt eighty primigravida women aged 20 to 35 years, at 30th week gestation, had
singleton pregnancy and can read and write were selected purposively between of January and August 2011
and was equally divided into two groups; intervention group: received a training program on two MFA skills
and control group: received the routine antenatal care. Using interview sheet and Cranley's Maternal Fetal
Attachment Scale (MFAS) the data were collected at baseline and after two and four weeks of the enrollment.
Results: MFAS score had significantly increased in the intervention group from 61.6±5.9 at the baseline to
68.5±6.8 and 69.6 ±5.9 at 32nd, 34th week gestation respectively. While the changes of the MFAS total score in
the control group were insignificant.
Conclusion: MFAS total scores had significantly increased in the intervention group at 32nd and 34th week
gestation compared to the baseline score. Conversely, the MFAS total score did not differ significantly between
the baseline and two and four weeks after enrollment among the control group.
Recommendations: Enhancing the health care providers' awareness of the MFA skills to utilize in the
promotion of the prenatal MFA and motivate the active role of the nurses in helping the pregnant women to
adhere to the appropriate MFA skills are recommended.
The comparison of dinoprostone and vagiprost for induction of lobar in post t...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
CLINICAL BRIEF
A Quality Improvement Initiative: Improving Exclusive
Breastfeeding Rates of Preterm Neonates
Amanpreet Sethi1 & Meena Joshi1 & Anu Thukral1 & Jagjit Singh Dalal1 &
Ashok Kumar Deorari1
Received: 7 October 2016 /Accepted: 31 January 2017 /Published online: 24 February 2017
# Dr. K C Chaudhuri Foundation 2017
Abstract This study is a single center quality improve-
ment (QI) initiative in a tertiary care neonatal intensive
care unit which was done with an objective to increase
the proportion of neonates receiving mother’s own milk
(at postnatal age of 7 d) from the current rate of 12.5%
to 30% over a period of six weeks. Additional objec-
tives were to evaluate the proportion of mothers’ ex-
pressing breast milk within 3 h of birth, on day one
and three and the amount of expressed breast milk
(EBM) on day one and day seven. A team was formu-
lated to evaluate the reasons for inadequate breast milk
expression and to plan the steps for promoting the
same. Comprehensive postnatal breast feeding counsel-
ing (CPNC) to promote early breast milk expression
was initiated soon after the birth of a preterm neonate.
CPNC was done for next fifteen mothers and their
breast feeding support was streamlined. The effect of
CPNC and teamwork was discussed amongst the team
members every day and adjustments incorporated (Plan-
Do-Study-Act cycle). The proportion of neonates receiv-
ing mother’s only milk (MOM) on day 7 increased to
80% (12/15) after 4 wk of QI. Thus, a simple and
feasible CPNC package lead to improved breast milk
output in mothers.
Keywords Breast milk . Neonate . Quality improvement
Introduction
Exclusive breastfeeding for six months is the most effective
preventive strategy for under-five mortality [1]. Host resis-
tance factors are abundant in fresh breast milk and when prop-
erly collected and stored, it provides the highest quality of
anti-infective properties. [2, 3] However, for various reasons,
mothers of these neonates face multiple challenges in estab-
lishing and maintaining an adequate supply of milk, this phe-
nomenon being more common in preterm neonates [4, 5]. The
gap in current evidence based implementation is the strategy
to reduce the time to first milk expression and to increase
frequency of expression and night time expression of milk in
these mothers. It is also known that mothers of extremely
preterm neonates should be taught early and effective milk
expression techniques [6].
The authors identified problem of delayed breast milk ex-
pression by mothers of preterm neonates whose babies were
admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The fre-
quency of milk expression in these mothers was limited to two
to three times in the entire day leading to most neonates re-
ceiving predominant formula feed for the first one week.
In view of the existing evidence and the identified problem,
the authors formulated an aim to increase the proportion of
breast milk intake in the admitted preterm neonates o.
CLINICAL BRIEF
A Quality Improvement Initiative: Improving Exclusive
Breastfeeding Rates of Preterm Neonates
Amanpreet Sethi1 & Meena Joshi1 & Anu Thukral1 & Jagjit Singh Dalal1 &
Ashok Kumar Deorari1
Received: 7 October 2016 /Accepted: 31 January 2017 /Published online: 24 February 2017
# Dr. K C Chaudhuri Foundation 2017
Abstract This study is a single center quality improve-
ment (QI) initiative in a tertiary care neonatal intensive
care unit which was done with an objective to increase
the proportion of neonates receiving mother’s own milk
(at postnatal age of 7 d) from the current rate of 12.5%
to 30% over a period of six weeks. Additional objec-
tives were to evaluate the proportion of mothers’ ex-
pressing breast milk within 3 h of birth, on day one
and three and the amount of expressed breast milk
(EBM) on day one and day seven. A team was formu-
lated to evaluate the reasons for inadequate breast milk
expression and to plan the steps for promoting the
same. Comprehensive postnatal breast feeding counsel-
ing (CPNC) to promote early breast milk expression
was initiated soon after the birth of a preterm neonate.
CPNC was done for next fifteen mothers and their
breast feeding support was streamlined. The effect of
CPNC and teamwork was discussed amongst the team
members every day and adjustments incorporated (Plan-
Do-Study-Act cycle). The proportion of neonates receiv-
ing mother’s only milk (MOM) on day 7 increased to
80% (12/15) after 4 wk of QI. Thus, a simple and
feasible CPNC package lead to improved breast milk
output in mothers.
Keywords Breast milk . Neonate . Quality improvement
Introduction
Exclusive breastfeeding for six months is the most effective
preventive strategy for under-five mortality [1]. Host resis-
tance factors are abundant in fresh breast milk and when prop-
erly collected and stored, it provides the highest quality of
anti-infective properties. [2, 3] However, for various reasons,
mothers of these neonates face multiple challenges in estab-
lishing and maintaining an adequate supply of milk, this phe-
nomenon being more common in preterm neonates [4, 5]. The
gap in current evidence based implementation is the strategy
to reduce the time to first milk expression and to increase
frequency of expression and night time expression of milk in
these mothers. It is also known that mothers of extremely
preterm neonates should be taught early and effective milk
expression techniques [6].
The authors identified problem of delayed breast milk ex-
pression by mothers of preterm neonates whose babies were
admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The fre-
quency of milk expression in these mothers was limited to two
to three times in the entire day leading to most neonates re-
ceiving predominant formula feed for the first one week.
In view of the existing evidence and the identified problem,
the authors formulated an aim to increase the proportion of
breast milk intake in the admitted preterm neonates o ...
Breastfeeding Practices of Postnatal Mothers: Exclusivity, Frequency and Dura...IJEAB
Mothers who perceive breastfeeding to be healthier, easier and more convenient breastfeed longer than those who perceive that breastfeeding is restrictive, inconvenient and uncomfortable. This study focused on the breastfeeding practices of postnatal mothers with regard to exclusivity, frequency and duration. It was a cross-sectional research design covering the three levels of health care institutions in the South-East Zone of Nigeria. Convenient sampling method was used to select 299 postnatal mothers who visited infant welfare clinics along with their infants. Three research questions and one null hypothesis guided the study. The instruments used for data collection were questionnaire on patterns of breastfeeding by postnatal mothers (QPBF) and checklist on health status of infants with varied breastfeeding patterns (CHSIVBP). Frequency distribution and percentages were used to answer the research questions while chi-square test was used in testing the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The result showed that most of the postnatal mothers practiced EBF for a short period, majority breastfed their infants on demand day and night, and majority also reported that their infants suckle the breast for more than 20minutes. Also breastfeeding patterns of the postnatal mothers was found to differ significantly across the three levels of health care institutions. Childbearing mothers need to be motivated on the need to practice EBF for six month postpartum.
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
CLINICAL BRIEF
A Quality Improvement Initiative: Improving Exclusive
Breastfeeding Rates of Preterm Neonates
Amanpreet Sethi1 & Meena Joshi1 & Anu Thukral1 & Jagjit Singh Dalal1 &
Ashok Kumar Deorari1
Received: 7 October 2016 /Accepted: 31 January 2017 /Published online: 24 February 2017
# Dr. K C Chaudhuri Foundation 2017
Abstract This study is a single center quality improve-
ment (QI) initiative in a tertiary care neonatal intensive
care unit which was done with an objective to increase
the proportion of neonates receiving mother’s own milk
(at postnatal age of 7 d) from the current rate of 12.5%
to 30% over a period of six weeks. Additional objec-
tives were to evaluate the proportion of mothers’ ex-
pressing breast milk within 3 h of birth, on day one
and three and the amount of expressed breast milk
(EBM) on day one and day seven. A team was formu-
lated to evaluate the reasons for inadequate breast milk
expression and to plan the steps for promoting the
same. Comprehensive postnatal breast feeding counsel-
ing (CPNC) to promote early breast milk expression
was initiated soon after the birth of a preterm neonate.
CPNC was done for next fifteen mothers and their
breast feeding support was streamlined. The effect of
CPNC and teamwork was discussed amongst the team
members every day and adjustments incorporated (Plan-
Do-Study-Act cycle). The proportion of neonates receiv-
ing mother’s only milk (MOM) on day 7 increased to
80% (12/15) after 4 wk of QI. Thus, a simple and
feasible CPNC package lead to improved breast milk
output in mothers.
Keywords Breast milk . Neonate . Quality improvement
Introduction
Exclusive breastfeeding for six months is the most effective
preventive strategy for under-five mortality [1]. Host resis-
tance factors are abundant in fresh breast milk and when prop-
erly collected and stored, it provides the highest quality of
anti-infective properties. [2, 3] However, for various reasons,
mothers of these neonates face multiple challenges in estab-
lishing and maintaining an adequate supply of milk, this phe-
nomenon being more common in preterm neonates [4, 5]. The
gap in current evidence based implementation is the strategy
to reduce the time to first milk expression and to increase
frequency of expression and night time expression of milk in
these mothers. It is also known that mothers of extremely
preterm neonates should be taught early and effective milk
expression techniques [6].
The authors identified problem of delayed breast milk ex-
pression by mothers of preterm neonates whose babies were
admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The fre-
quency of milk expression in these mothers was limited to two
to three times in the entire day leading to most neonates re-
ceiving predominant formula feed for the first one week.
In view of the existing evidence and the identified problem,
the authors formulated an aim to increase the proportion of
breast milk intake in the admitted preterm neonates o.
CLINICAL BRIEF
A Quality Improvement Initiative: Improving Exclusive
Breastfeeding Rates of Preterm Neonates
Amanpreet Sethi1 & Meena Joshi1 & Anu Thukral1 & Jagjit Singh Dalal1 &
Ashok Kumar Deorari1
Received: 7 October 2016 /Accepted: 31 January 2017 /Published online: 24 February 2017
# Dr. K C Chaudhuri Foundation 2017
Abstract This study is a single center quality improve-
ment (QI) initiative in a tertiary care neonatal intensive
care unit which was done with an objective to increase
the proportion of neonates receiving mother’s own milk
(at postnatal age of 7 d) from the current rate of 12.5%
to 30% over a period of six weeks. Additional objec-
tives were to evaluate the proportion of mothers’ ex-
pressing breast milk within 3 h of birth, on day one
and three and the amount of expressed breast milk
(EBM) on day one and day seven. A team was formu-
lated to evaluate the reasons for inadequate breast milk
expression and to plan the steps for promoting the
same. Comprehensive postnatal breast feeding counsel-
ing (CPNC) to promote early breast milk expression
was initiated soon after the birth of a preterm neonate.
CPNC was done for next fifteen mothers and their
breast feeding support was streamlined. The effect of
CPNC and teamwork was discussed amongst the team
members every day and adjustments incorporated (Plan-
Do-Study-Act cycle). The proportion of neonates receiv-
ing mother’s only milk (MOM) on day 7 increased to
80% (12/15) after 4 wk of QI. Thus, a simple and
feasible CPNC package lead to improved breast milk
output in mothers.
Keywords Breast milk . Neonate . Quality improvement
Introduction
Exclusive breastfeeding for six months is the most effective
preventive strategy for under-five mortality [1]. Host resis-
tance factors are abundant in fresh breast milk and when prop-
erly collected and stored, it provides the highest quality of
anti-infective properties. [2, 3] However, for various reasons,
mothers of these neonates face multiple challenges in estab-
lishing and maintaining an adequate supply of milk, this phe-
nomenon being more common in preterm neonates [4, 5]. The
gap in current evidence based implementation is the strategy
to reduce the time to first milk expression and to increase
frequency of expression and night time expression of milk in
these mothers. It is also known that mothers of extremely
preterm neonates should be taught early and effective milk
expression techniques [6].
The authors identified problem of delayed breast milk ex-
pression by mothers of preterm neonates whose babies were
admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The fre-
quency of milk expression in these mothers was limited to two
to three times in the entire day leading to most neonates re-
ceiving predominant formula feed for the first one week.
In view of the existing evidence and the identified problem,
the authors formulated an aim to increase the proportion of
breast milk intake in the admitted preterm neonates o ...
Breastfeeding Practices of Postnatal Mothers: Exclusivity, Frequency and Dura...IJEAB
Mothers who perceive breastfeeding to be healthier, easier and more convenient breastfeed longer than those who perceive that breastfeeding is restrictive, inconvenient and uncomfortable. This study focused on the breastfeeding practices of postnatal mothers with regard to exclusivity, frequency and duration. It was a cross-sectional research design covering the three levels of health care institutions in the South-East Zone of Nigeria. Convenient sampling method was used to select 299 postnatal mothers who visited infant welfare clinics along with their infants. Three research questions and one null hypothesis guided the study. The instruments used for data collection were questionnaire on patterns of breastfeeding by postnatal mothers (QPBF) and checklist on health status of infants with varied breastfeeding patterns (CHSIVBP). Frequency distribution and percentages were used to answer the research questions while chi-square test was used in testing the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The result showed that most of the postnatal mothers practiced EBF for a short period, majority breastfed their infants on demand day and night, and majority also reported that their infants suckle the breast for more than 20minutes. Also breastfeeding patterns of the postnatal mothers was found to differ significantly across the three levels of health care institutions. Childbearing mothers need to be motivated on the need to practice EBF for six month postpartum.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
2. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
“A quasi experimental study to assess the effectiveness of early ambulation on
involution of uterus among postnatal mothers admitted in selected hospitals at
Bhiwani.”
3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To assess the pre-test level of uterine involution during postnatal period among postnatal mothers in experimental group and
control group.
2. To find out the effectiveness of early ambulation on uterine involution during postnatal period among postnatal mothers in
experimental group and control group.
3. To compare the pre and post-test level of uterine involution during postnatal period among postnatal mothers in
experimental group.
4. To compare the pre and post-test level of uterine involution during postnatal period among postnatal mothers in control
group.
5. To associate the post-test level of uterine involution during postnatal period among postnatal mothers in experimental group
and control group with their selected demographic variables.
4. INTRODUCTION
“Being a mother is learning about strengths you don’t know you had, and dealing with fears you never knew
existed.”
Women and children are our nation’s greatest assets. Health of the women is the basis for the better health of
family as well as of the nation. It is therefore expedient that women should possess optimum health.
Results of early ambulation in gynecology are almost parallel to those in obstetrics. For years, many surgeons have
advocated leg exercises after all kinds of operations. In the past few years, surgeons have been encouraging patients to
walk within a few hours after major surgical procedures. In this regard it is appropriate to remind ourselves of the
results which have been obtained in operations on animals, with no effort made to keep the animals quiet afterward.
Moreover, patients must be warned repeatedly against too vigorous exercises and against doing too much
until the body has had time to recover and wounds are safely healed.
5. NEED FOR STUDY
Protecting a women’s health as these changes occur is important for preserving her future childbearing function
and for ensuring that she is physically fit to incorporate her new child into her family. Early ambulation in
postpartum period is the key to get rapid and maximum muscle function and restoration of mothers health.
World Health Organization (WHO) statistics suggest that 25 percent of maternal deaths are due to postpartum
haemorrhage, accounting for more than 100,000 maternal deaths per year. The death of these moResearcher during
her clinical experience has observed most of the mothers Suffer poor uterine involution. The nurses responsibility
is to improve the uterine involution after delivery, there are many pharmacological measures available to contract
the uterus but may bring more side effects. The investigator being a nurse interested in non pharmacological
method of early ambulation to improve uterine involution during postnatal period.
6. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS:
H1 Mean post-test level of uterine involution of postnatal mothers in experimental group will be significantly higher
than the mean post-test level of uterine involution in control group.
H2 There will be a significant difference between mean pre-test and post-test level of uterine involution among
postnatal mothers in experimental group.
H3 There will be a significant difference between mean pre-test and post-test level of uterine involution among
postnatal mothers in control group.
H4 There will be a significant association between post-test level of uterine involution among postnatal mothers in
experimental group with their selected demographic variables.
H5 There will be a significant association between post-test level of uterine involution among postnatal mothers in
control group with their selected demographic variables.
7. ASSUMPTION
1. Early ambulation may increase the uterine involution.
2. Early ambulation may reduce the postpartum complication.
8. Feedback
Perception
-Need of early
ambulation for
involution of uterus.
Interaction
-Measurement of uterine
involution.
- Starting early
ambulation in postnatal
mothers.
-Measurement of uterine
involution by using same
scale on the 7th day.
Action
-Preparation of
modified measuring
scale of uterine
involution
-Preparation of
postnatal mothers
for early ambulation
-Plan for
administration of
early ambulation
Transaction
Postnatal mothers will
gain adequate uterine
involution.
- Postnatal mothers
will not gain adequate
uterine involution.
Investigator
Mutual goal setting
to improve level of
uterine involution
among postnatal
mothers
Interaction
-Participating in early
ambulation.
Perception
-Lack of uterine
involution among
postnatal mothers.
Action
-Consent
-Corporation of
patients
-Acceptatance of
suggestion
Postnatal
mothers
Feedback
Fig-1 Conceptual framework on effectiveness of early ambulation on involution of uterus among postnatal mothers
9. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The literature review is arranged in the following sections-
Section-A: Literature related to effect of exercise and other methods on uterine involution.
Section-B: Literature related to effect of early ambulation on uterine involution
10. RESEARCH APPROACH: EVALUATIVE APPROACH
TARGET POPULATION: POSTNATAL MOTHERS ADMITTED
IN CHUGH MULTISPECIALITY AND KADAM
MULTISPECIALITY HOSPITAL AT BHIWANI
Analysis
Summary, finding and conclusion
DESIGN: QUASI- EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
STUDY SETTING: CHUGH MULTISPECIALITY AND KADAM
MULTISPECIALITY HOSPITAL AT BHIWANI
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE: PURPOSIVE SAMPLING
TECHNIQUES
SAMPLE SIZE: 60 POSTNATAL MOTHERS
(30=EXPERIMENTAL GROUPAND 30= CONTROL GROUP
PRE TEST
INSTRUMENT: MODIFIED FUNDEL ASSESSMENT SCALE FOR UTERINE
INVOLUTION
NO INTERVENTION
EXPERIMENTAL
GROUP
CONTROL GROUP
INTERVENTION
EARLY AMBULATION
POST TEST
Fig. 2: Schematic representation of the research design
11. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
• Evaluative research approach is used in this study.
• Quasi experimental design was used.
• Study setting- Kadam multispeciality hospital and Chugh multispeciality hospital, Bhiwani, harayana
• Target population- postnatal mothers admitted in Chugh multispeciality and Kadam multispeciality hospital at
Bhiwani
• Sampling technique: Non probability purposive sampling technique.
• Sample size: 60 antenatal mothers with gestational diabetic mellitus (30=experimental group and 30= control
group
• Instrument- Modified fundel assessment scale for uterine involution
• Intervention- Early ambulation
• Analysis was use as inferential statistics.
• Findings, summary, conclusion, and recommendations
• Communication and findings
12. PILOT STUDY
The investigator got permission from Principal and research ethical committee of Satya college of nursing. A formal permission was
obtained from the Director of Chugh multispeciality and Kadam multispeciality hospital at Bhiwani. The pilot study was conducted
for the period of one week from 28.04.2022 to 04.05.2022. The sample size was six in that three of them were allotted to
experimental and three of them to control group.
Rapport was established with the mothers and a brief introduction about the study was given. Consent was obtained from
each mother and reassurance was provided that the collected data would be kept confidential. The data related to demographic
variables were collected from the Interview method. Postnatal mothers in experimental group were motivated for early ambulation or
movement in body parts. No intervention was given for control group. The pre and post-test level of uterine involution assessed by
Modified fundal assessment scale. The result of pilot study showed that the experimental group had a good involution as compared to
the control group. The study was found to be feasible and hence the same procedure was decided to be followed in the main study.
There was no modification made in the tool after pilot study. The samples selected for the pilot study were not included for the main
study.
13. METHOD OF DATAANALYSIS
Descriptive statistics
Frequency and percentage distribution was used to analysis the demographic variables among postnatal mothers in
experimental and control group.
Frequency and percentage distribution was used to assess the pre-test and posttest level of uterine involution among
postnatal mothers in experimental and control group.
Mean and standard deviation was used to assess the pre-test and post-test level of uterine involution among postnatal
mothers in experimental and control group.
Inferential Statistics
Unpaired‘t’ test was used to compare the post-test level of uterine involution among postnatal mothers in experimental and
control group.
paired‘t’ test was used to compare the pre and post-test level of uterine involution among postnatal mothers in experimental
and control group.
Chi-square test was used to associate the post-test level of uterine involution among postnatal mothers in experimental and
control group with their selected demographic variables.
14. ORGANIZATI ON OF FINDINGS
Section A: Description of demographic variables of the postnatal mothers with uterine involution.
Section B: Assessment of the level of uterine involution among postnatal mothers of experimental and control group.
Part-1 Assessment of the pre-test level of uterine involution among postnatal mothers of experimental and control group.
Part-2 Assessment of the post-test level of uterine involution among postnatal mothers of experimental and control group.
Section C: Comparison of post-test level of uterine involution among postnatal mothers in experimental and control group.
Section D: Association of post-test level of uterine involution among postnatal mothers in experimental and control group
with their selected demographic variables.
Part-1 Association of post-test level of uterine involution among postnatal mothers in experimental group with their selected
demographic variables.
Part-2 Association of post-test level of uterine involution among postnatal mothers in control group with their selected
demographic variables.
15. SECTION-A DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLE PROFILE
Demographic variable Experimental group Control group
Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage
1. Age
18-22 years 3 10% 2 6.67%
23-27 years 15 50% 16 53.33%
28-32 years 10 33.33% 10 33.33%
Above 32 years 2 6.67% 2 6.67%
2. Education
Primary school 3 10% 0 0%
High school 4 13.33% 5 16.67%
Secondary school 12 40% 13 43.33%
Graduation and above 11 36.67% 12 40%
3. Duration of marriage
1-2 years 7 23.33% 4 13.33%
2-3 years 12 40% 14 46.67%
3-4 years 9 30% 10 33.33%
Above 4 years 2 6.67% 2 6.67%
16. 4. Parity
Primipara 12 40% 16 53.33%
Multipara 18 60% 14 46.67%
5. Type of family
Nuclear family 20 66.67% 18 60%
Joint family 10 33.33% 12 40%
6. Area of living
Urban 16 53.33% 18 60%
Semi-urban 2 6.67% 6 20%
Rural 12 40% 6 20%
7. Type of delivery
Vaginal delivery 24 80% 22 73.33%
C-section 6 20% 8 26.67%
17. SECTION-B
ASSESSMENT OF LEVELOF UTERINE INVOLUTIONAMONG POSTNATALMOTHERS IN
EXPERIMENTALGROUPAND CONTROLGROUP
Part-1
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Good Average Poor
0%
46.67%
53.33%
0%
30%
70%
Level of uterine involution in pretest
Experimental group
Control group
Bar diagram reveals with regards to the level of uterine involution that in experimental group majority 14
(46.6%) of the postnatal mothers had average and 16(53.33%) of the mothers had poor involution.
With regards to the level of uterine involution in control group, majority 9 (30%) of the mothers had
average and 21(70%) of the mothers had poor involution.
18. Part-2
Assessment of the post-test level of uterine involution among postnatal mothers of experimental and control group
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
Good Average Poor
86.67%
13.33%
0%
33.33%
60%
6.67%
Level of uterine involution in posttest
Experimental group
Control group
Bar diagram reveals with regards to the level of uterine involution in experimental group 26(86.66%) of the mothers
had good involution, 4(13.33%) of the mothers had average, and none of the mothers had poor uterine involution.
With regards to the level of uterine involution in control group 10(33.33%) of the mothers had good involution,
18(60%) of the mothers had average involution and remaining 2(6.66%) of the mothers had poor involution
19. Mean and Standard Deviation of Pre-test and Post-test Level of Uterine involution among Postnatal
Mothers in Experimental and Control Group
Groups Pre test Post test Mean
difference
Paired ‘t’-test
mean SD mean SD
Experimental group(N=30) 13.96 1.79 4.86 1.57 9.1 11.663 S***
Control group (N=30) 14.9 3.59 9.57 2.62 5.33 8 S*
H2 There will be a significant difference between mean pre-test and post-test level of uterine involution among postnatal mothers in
experimental group.
Table 5 reveals with regards to experimental group the pre-test mean value was 13.96 with standard deviation of 1.79. With respect to
experimental group of post-test mean was4.86 with standard deviation of 1.57. The calculated ‘t’ value 11.663 was higher than the
tabulated ‘t’ value at 0.05 level of significance with df 29. Hence the Hypothesis H2 was accepted.
H3 There will be a significant difference between mean pre-test and post-test level of uterine involution among postnatal mothers in
control group.
In control group the pre-test mean value was 14.9 with standard deviation of 3.59. The post test mean of control group was 9.57 with
standard deviation of 2.62. The calculated ‘t’ value 8 was higher than the tabulated ‘t’ value at 0.05 level of significance with df 29. Hence
the Hypothesis H3 was accepted.
20. SECTION-C
COMPARISON OF UTERINE INVOLUTIONAMONG POSTNATALMOTHERS OF EXPERIMENTALAND CONTROL
GROUP
Groups Post test Mean
difference
Paired ‘t’-test
Mean SD
Experimental group(N=30) 4.86 1.57 4.71 4.958***
S
Control group (N=30) 9.57 2.62
H1 Mean post-test level of uterine involution of postnatal mothers in experimental group will be significantly higher
than the mean post-test level of uterine involution in control group.
Table 6 reveals the unpaired ‘t’ test to compare the post-test level of uterine involution among postnatal mothers in
experimental and control group. The post test level of involution mean (4.86) in experimental group was less than post
test level of involution mean (9.57) in control group. It was found that ‘t’ value was 4.958 indicating that there was
significant difference in post-test level of uterine involution among postnatal mothers in experimental and control group
at p<0.05 level.
Hypothesis H1 was accepted.
21. SECTION-D
ASSOCIATION OFTHE POST-TEST LEVELOF UTERINE INVOLUTIONAMONG POSTNATALMOTHERS
IN EXPERIMENTALAND CONTROLGROUPWITH THEIR SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES
H4 There will be a significant association between post-test level of uterine involution among postnatal mothers in
experimental group with their selected demographic variables.
The table 7 showed association of post test level of uterine involution with selected demographical variables. The variables
such as mother’s age, education, duration of marriage, parity and type of family does not show any significant association. And other
variables area of living and type of delivery shows significant association. Hence the hypothesis H4 is accepted.
H5 There will be a significant association between post-test level of uterine involution among postnatal mothers in control
group with their selected demographic variables.
The table 8 showed association of post test level of uterine involution with selected demographical variables. The variables
such as mother’s age, education, duration of marriage, parity, area of living and type of delivery does not show any significant
association. Hence the hypothesis H5 is rejected.
22. DISCUSSION
This chapter deals with the discussion of the findings of present study in accordance with the objectives of the
research problem.
The level of uterine involution that in experimental group majority 14 (46.6%) of the postnatal mothers had
average and 16(53.33%) of the mothers had poor involution. The level of uterine involution in control group, majority 9
(30%) of the mothers had average and 21(70%) of the mothers had poor involution.
The level of uterine involution in experimental group 26(86.66%) of the mothers had good involution,
4(13.33%) of the mothers had average, and none of the mothers had poor uterine involution. The level of
uterine involution in control group 10(33.33%) of the mothers had good involution, 18(60%) of the mothers
had average involution and remaining 2(6.66%) of the mothers had poor involution.
23. CONCLUSION
The study result shows that The pre test level of uterine involution in experimental group 26(86.66%) of the
mothers had good involution, 4(13.33%) of the mothers had average, and none of the mothers had poor
uterine involution. The level of uterine involution in control group 10(33.33%) of the mothers had good
involution, 18(60%) of the mothers had average involution and remaining 2(6.66%) of the mothers had poor
involution.
The post test level of involution mean (4.86) in experimental group was less than post test level of involution
mean (9.57) in control group. It was found that ‘t’ value was 4.958 indicating that there was significant
difference in post-test level of uterine involution among postnatal mothers in experimental and control group
at p<0.05 level.
Which means early ambulation was effective in involution of uterus.
24. SUMMARY
The study design consisted of an evaluative approach with one group pre test and post test control group design. The study
population consisted of 60 postnatal mothers admitted in Chugh multispeciality hospital and Kadam multispeciality hospital at Bhiwani by
using purposive sampling. The tool developed and used for data collection was structured interview for demographic variables, Modified
fundal assessment scale, and inche tape for measuring fundal height. The conceptual frame work adopted for the study is based on King’s
theory of goal attainment (Imogene M King).The model is modified to suit to the present study.
The present study revealed that the in experimental group the pre-test mean value was 13.96 with standard deviation of 1.79. With
respect to experimental group of post-test mean was4.86 with standard deviation of 1.57. The calculated ‘t’ value 11.663 was higher than the
tabulated ‘t’ value at 0.05 level of significance with df 29. Hence the Hypothesis H2 was accepted.
In control group the pre-test mean value was 14.9 with standard deviation of 3.59. The post test mean of control group was 9.57
with standard deviation of 2.62. The calculated ‘t’ value 8 was higher than the tabulated ‘t’ value at 0.05 level of significance with df 29.
Hence the Hypothesis H3 was accepted.
The post test level of involution mean (4.86) in experimental group was less than post test level of involution mean (9.57) in control
group. It was found that ‘t’ value was 4.958 indicating that there was significant difference in post-test level of uterine involution among
postnatal mothers in experimental and control group at p<0.05 level. Hypothesis H1 was accepted.
25. RECOMMENDATION
The study recommends the following future research.
1. The similar study can be conducted with larger samples for better generalization.
2. A study can be conducted to assess the knowledge and practice of fundal massage on uterine involution among nurse
midwives.
3. A study can be conducted to assess the knowledge and attitude of complementary therapies for uterine involution
among nurse midwives.
4. A study can be conducted to assess the effectiveness of other nursing measures such as abdominal binder, post natal
exercise among postnatal mothers.
5. A study can be conducted to assess the effectiveness of fundal massage in involution of uterus in postnatal mothers.
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