Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was the chief architect of the Indian Constitution. He was born into an untouchable caste and faced immense discrimination. Through education, he rose to prominence as a scholar and leader for untouchables and their rights. As India's first law minister, he drafted the Indian Constitution which established equality, freedom of religion, and rights for marginalized groups. Throughout his life, Ambedkar advocated for the rights of untouchables and worked to end caste discrimination. He eventually converted to Buddhism towards the end of his life to promote equality and reject the Hindu caste system.

1. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
ARCHITECT OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION

2. Early Life and Education
• born on April 14, 1891 in Madhya Pradesh (Mhow).
• 14th son of Ramji and Bhimabai Sakpal Ambavedkar.
• belonged to the (untouchable) Mahar Caste.
• His father and grandfather served in the British Army. In those days,
the governemt ensured that all the army children were educated and
ran special schools.

3. Early Life and Education
• Childhood name was BHIMA
• Ambedkar's original name was actually Ambavadekar. But his
teacher, Mahadev Ambedkar, who was fond of him, changed his
surname from 'Ambavadekar' to his own surname 'Ambedkar' in
school records

4. Higher Education
• IN 1897, AMBEDKAR BECAME THE ONLY UNTOUCHABLE ENROLLED AT
ELPHINSTONE HIGH SCHOOL.
• IN 1906, HIS MARRIGE WAS ARRANGED TO A 9 YEAR OLD GIRL,
RAMABAI.
• IN 1912, DR AMBEDKAR OBTAINED DEGREE IN ECONOMICS AND
POLITICAL SCIENCE FROM BOMBAY UNIVERSITY.
• IN 1913, HE MOVED TO UNITED STATES. WHERE HE HAD BEEN
AWARDED A BARODA STATE SCHOLARSHIP 11.50 $ PER MONTH FOR
THREE YEARS.
• DR AMBEDKAR RECIEVED THE OPPOURTUNIRY FOR POSTGRADUATE
EDUCATION AT COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN NEW YORK CITY.

5. Higher Education
• In 1915, Dr Ambedkar passed M.A. exam (Majoring in Economics)
with Sociology, History, Philosophy and Anthropology.
• First thesis – (Ancient IndianCommerce).
• In 1916 - Second thesis – (National Dividend of India).
• Finally received PhD in Economics in 1917 for his third thesis.

6. Higher Education
• Dr Ambedkar was obliged to go back to India as the term of his scholarship from
Baroda ended.
• However, he was given permission to return to submit his thesis within four years.
His thesis was on the (The problem of the Rupee).
• Ambedkar came back to London at the first opportunity and completed his studies.
• In 1921, he took Master’s degree and in 1923, he took his D.Sc in Economics
(Doctor of Science)

7. Status of Deprived cast in India Before
Ambedkar

8. • The years 1901 to 1956 were a period of great social upheavals and revolutionary
movements around the world.
• In India during this time, there were two struggles being fought simultaneously; the
first, which is well known throughout the world, was India’s fight for independence
spearheaded by MahatmaGandhi, against the British colonial powers.
• The second struggle, much less well known but no less important was an internal
struggle. Seventy million Indian untouchables, led by Dr. Ambedkar were fighting
for their rights against upper caste Hindu society.
It has its equation in the political and social disparity all over the world. The
basic aim of the social revolution is to uphold the meaning of humanity in its truest
sense.

9. FIGHT AGAINST CASTE AND UNTOUCHABILITY
• In 1919 Ambedkar started a fortnightly paper under the name of Mook Nayak
(Leader of the Dumb).
• A society named Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha was formed to promote the interest of
the untouchables.
The principal aims of the Sabha were :
• to promote the spread of education amongst the untouchables
• to promote the spread of culture amongst the untouchables by opening libraries,
study circles etc.,
• to improve the economic status of the untouchables by starting industrial and
agricultural schools and
• to bring the grievances of the depressed classes to the attention of the
Government.

10. Protests
• In 1927, public movements to open up and share public drinking water resources.
• He also struggle for the right to enter Hindu temples.
• Ambedkar condemned the classic Hindu Text (Laws of Manu). Burned copies of
the ancient text. After that, thousands of people burnt copies of Manusmriti under
leadership of Ambedkar.

11. • In 1935, Ambedkar became the principal of the Government Law College,
Mumbai.
• In 1936, Ambedkar published his book (Annihilation of Caste) .
• It strongly criticised Hindu religious leaders, the caste system in general.
• In 1952, Baba Saheb contested in the Indian General Election but lost to the
Congress candidates.
• Ambedkar became the member of Rajya Sabha, an appointed member. He
tried to enter Lok sabha again in 1954, but was placed third by Congress.
• The Indian Ministry of Law and Justice was estabished in 1951, the first to
head that department was Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar

12. • After 15 August 1947, invited by the Congress government to serv as
the first Law Minister.
• On 29 August, he was appointed Chairman of the Constitution
Drafting Committee, charged to write India’s new Constitution.
• The new Consitution drafted by Ambedkar was described as (first and
foremost document).

13. The text prepared guaranteed protections for a wide range of civil liberties, including:
• Freedom of religion, the abolition of untouchability and outlawing of all forms of
discrimination.
• Economic and Social rights for women.
• Jobs for members of scheduled castes and other backward class.
The constituion was adopted on 26 November 1949 by the Contituent Assembly.

14. Towards buddhism
• Ambedkar believed that the dalit people were an ancient Buddhist
community of India who had been forced to live outside villages as outcasts
because they refused to renounce their Buddhist practices. He considered
this to be why they became untouchables and he wrote a book on this topic,
entitled “Who were the Shudras?.andWho were the Untouchables?”
• He studied Buddhism all his life, and around 1950s, Ambedkar turned his
attention fully to Buddhism.

15. • Dr. Ambedkar declared that the religion was for the man and not the other way
around and in 1935 he uttered those famous words:
• “I solemnly assure you that I will not die as a Hindu.”
• He organised a formal public ceremony for himself and his supporters in Nagpur on
14 October 1956. Accepting the Three Refuges and Five Precepts from a
Buddhist monk in the traditional manner, Ambedkar completed his own
conversion.
• Ambedkar died in his sleep on the 6th of December 1956.

16. Personality of ambedkar
• Ambedkar was a multifaceted personality. He was a scholar, a lawyer,
an educationist, a constitutionalist, a social reformer and a lover of
peace.
• He wanted peace both individually and in social relationship. It was
only through peaceful means that he did a lot of good for the
downtrodden.

17. • According to Ambedkar, the social norms founded on the principles of
liberty, equality and fraternity alone can guarantee of egalitarian
society.
• The egalitarian society can be established by the peaceful means of
educate, agitate and organize.
• He adopted the method of three slogan from the Buddhist trinity
namely, Buddham, Dhammam and Sangham.
• The three slogans were based on non-violence.

18. Death
• Since 1948, Ambedkar had been suffering from diabetes.
• Three days after completing his final manuscript The Buddha and his
Dhamma, Ambedkar passed away in his sleep on 6 December 1956
at his home in delhi.
• A Buddhist cremation was organised for him on 7 December,
attended by half a million sorrowing people

19. • The life of Dr. Bhimarao Ambedkar is a saga of great
struggle of a man who in spite of his being born in a
family of ‘Untouchables’, rose to great heights and
occupied important positions entirely on account of his
great merit and hard work.

20. Message
• “ My FinalWords ofAdviceToYou Are
Educate, Agitate And Organize.
• Have Faith In Yourself And Learn To Live In
This
WorldWith Self Respect.”
• “ I LikeThe ReligionThatTeaches:
LIBERTY, EQUALITY & FRATERNITY.”
• “ It is The Education Which Is The Right
WeaponTo Cut Slavery.”
• “I measure the progress of a
community by the degree of
progress which women have
achieved.”
• Men are mortal. So are ideas. An idea
needs propagation as much as a
plant needs watering. Otherwise
both will wither and die.

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