The document discusses the Honey & Mumford learning model, which identifies four different learning preferences - activists, reflectors, theorists, and pragmatists. It provides characteristics for each type of learner. The session aims to name and describe the four learning preferences without notes through a 20 minute discussion, practice, and assessment.
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of a school principal. It describes how principals must manage relationships with students, teachers, and staff. A principal is responsible for hiring personnel, creating policies, supervising students and teachers, and handling discipline issues. They must understand and follow school laws to avoid legal problems. Effective principals demonstrate leadership skills, are available to address various concerns, and delegate tasks while guiding the overall success of the school.
This is an action research full power point presentation, it helps the readers to understand what an action research it means, steps to be followed when they conduct an action research, and how an action research can conducted in the class room and its benefits in short specifically for teaching learning processes
The Role of Principal in School AdministrationParth Sharma
The document discusses the role of the principal in school administration. It outlines four key functions of administration: planning, organizing, leading, and monitoring. Principals must plan goals and objectives, organize staff and resources to implement plans, lead and motivate staff, and monitor progress. Effective principals utilize three important skill sets: conceptual skills like strategic thinking, human skills like communication and motivation, and technical skills in educational leadership. Principal tasks involve both managerial duties and building the school's culture through norms and symbols. The overall success of the school depends on how well the principal performs these varied functions, roles, and skills.
Observational research involves watching people in their natural environments and recording their behaviors without interfering. There are two main types of observational research - direct observation, where subjects know they are being watched, and unobtrusive observation, where subjects are unaware. Direct observation can involve continuously monitoring subjects or recording how they allocate their time, while risks include subjects changing their natural behaviors due to awareness. Unobtrusive observation poses ethical issues around informed consent but can provide insights into behaviors not uncovered through other methods like surveys. Researchers must carefully consider guidelines around objectivity, specificity, and ethics when conducting observational research.
David Kolb developed an experiential learning theory that describes how experience allows for learning. His theory proposes a four stage cycle of learning: concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation. Kolb also developed a learning style inventory that categorizes learners as having a preference for diverging, assimilating, converging, or accommodating based on how they approach tasks and process information. Kolb's experiential learning theory provides a framework for understanding adult learning and development through hands-on experiences.
The document discusses the Honey & Mumford learning model, which identifies four different learning preferences - activists, reflectors, theorists, and pragmatists. It provides characteristics for each type of learner. The session aims to name and describe the four learning preferences without notes through a 20 minute discussion, practice, and assessment.
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of a school principal. It describes how principals must manage relationships with students, teachers, and staff. A principal is responsible for hiring personnel, creating policies, supervising students and teachers, and handling discipline issues. They must understand and follow school laws to avoid legal problems. Effective principals demonstrate leadership skills, are available to address various concerns, and delegate tasks while guiding the overall success of the school.
This is an action research full power point presentation, it helps the readers to understand what an action research it means, steps to be followed when they conduct an action research, and how an action research can conducted in the class room and its benefits in short specifically for teaching learning processes
The Role of Principal in School AdministrationParth Sharma
The document discusses the role of the principal in school administration. It outlines four key functions of administration: planning, organizing, leading, and monitoring. Principals must plan goals and objectives, organize staff and resources to implement plans, lead and motivate staff, and monitor progress. Effective principals utilize three important skill sets: conceptual skills like strategic thinking, human skills like communication and motivation, and technical skills in educational leadership. Principal tasks involve both managerial duties and building the school's culture through norms and symbols. The overall success of the school depends on how well the principal performs these varied functions, roles, and skills.
Observational research involves watching people in their natural environments and recording their behaviors without interfering. There are two main types of observational research - direct observation, where subjects know they are being watched, and unobtrusive observation, where subjects are unaware. Direct observation can involve continuously monitoring subjects or recording how they allocate their time, while risks include subjects changing their natural behaviors due to awareness. Unobtrusive observation poses ethical issues around informed consent but can provide insights into behaviors not uncovered through other methods like surveys. Researchers must carefully consider guidelines around objectivity, specificity, and ethics when conducting observational research.
David Kolb developed an experiential learning theory that describes how experience allows for learning. His theory proposes a four stage cycle of learning: concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation. Kolb also developed a learning style inventory that categorizes learners as having a preference for diverging, assimilating, converging, or accommodating based on how they approach tasks and process information. Kolb's experiential learning theory provides a framework for understanding adult learning and development through hands-on experiences.
Educational administration is important for effectively leading educational institutions. It involves understanding theoretical concepts and best practices. Educational administration has aspects in common with other fields of management but also unique characteristics that deserve distinctive treatment. The basic purpose of an educational administrator is to enhance teaching and learning by coordinating programs and resources to achieve shared institutional goals and visions.
School culture consists of the beliefs, values, traditions, behaviors, climate, and unwritten ways of operating that shape a school. A head of school plays a key role in shaping and communicating a school's culture through paying attention to certain aspects, measuring outcomes, and serving as a symbol and storyteller of the culture. Teachers and administrators also influence culture as supporting actors who can enable or question the expressed versus observed culture.
Supervison in Teaching & Learning SlidesAzreen5520
The document discusses supervision in teaching and learning, noting that effective supervision can improve staff performance by providing feedback, support, and professional development opportunities. It outlines various types and conceptions of supervision, the roles and responsibilities of supervisors in facilitating teacher growth, and some common issues around supervision such as teachers viewing it as a threat. The key purpose of supervision is to enhance instruction and promote professional growth through guidance, coaching, and establishing supportive relationships.
This document discusses reflection in learning and teaching. It defines reflection as a process of reviewing experiences to describe, analyze, evaluate, and inform future practice. Several frameworks for reflection are presented, including those by Dewey, Kolb, Schon, and Hatton and Smith. The document notes that while reflection is commonly used, definitions vary and it can be a complex process. Effective reflection involves critical thinking, identifying assumptions, and considering alternatives. Reflective frameworks and strategies can help teachers and students learn from experiences and continue developing.
The document discusses data-driven decision making (DDDM) in education. It defines DDDM as systematically collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data to inform practices and policies. True DDDM considers more than test scores, exploring student well-being and feedback from the school community. The document also outlines the benefits of DDDM and provides examples of how teacher leaders can foster a culture of DDDM by dedicating time for collaboration, building understanding of data analysis, and working with colleagues to use data to identify problems and solutions.
The document discusses the system approach to viewing organizations. The system approach views an organization as a group of interrelated and independent parts working towards a common goal. An organization is composed of parts that interact and relate to each other, and the activity of any one part can affect other parts. The system approach provides managers a way to view the organization as a unified, goal-oriented system composed of interrelated parts. It considers the basic elements of input, process, output, and feedback and key features like being goal-directed, having sub-systems, and information flows within open or closed systems. The system approach provides an integrated view of organizations and is useful for studying complex systems.
The clinical supervision model focuses on collaboration between a cooperating teacher and student teaching candidate. It involves the cooperating teacher modeling lessons for the candidate and collecting data as the candidate teaches. After each lesson, the two collaborate in a post-teaching conference. Reflection is a key part of the process, allowing the candidate to analyze their teaching and identify areas for improvement. The ALACT model outlines a process for reflection that includes action, looking back, awareness, creating alternatives, and trial.
This document discusses different models of supervision in education. It defines supervision as activities done by school personnel to maintain or improve instructional goals. Three definitions are provided that emphasize administration, instruction, and leadership. Clinical supervision and peer supervision models are then described in detail. Clinical supervision aims to improve instruction through a cyclical process of planning, observation, analysis, feedback, and reflection. Peer supervision involves teachers working together for mutual professional development as colleagues at the same level, to reduce isolation and encourage risk-taking. The key aspects of starting a successful peer supervision program are discussed.
This document discusses cooperative learning instructional strategies and their benefits based on research. It defines cooperative learning as students working in small teams to maximize individual and collective learning. Key aspects include positive interdependence, individual accountability, developing social skills, face-to-face interaction, and group processing. Major researchers such as Johnson, Slavin, and Sharan are discussed and their findings that cooperative learning improves academic performance, social skills, and reduces prejudice. Specific cooperative learning models developed by these researchers are also outlined.
The document discusses various aspects of teaching including:
1. It defines teaching as a process that prepares students for learning and provides structure to enable productive learning.
2. It outlines the key roles of teachers as subject matter experts, pedagogical experts, excellent communicators, student-centered mentors, and assessors.
3. It discusses characteristics of quality teaching including a focus on student achievement, effective links between school and context, and pedagogy that promotes self-regulation and discourse.
This document discusses educational management and leadership. It covers the definition and significance of educational management. Effective managers can provide the best possible education. Different leadership styles are examined, including managerial, transformational, participative, post-modern, moral, instructional, and contingent leadership. Regardless of the specific approach, leadership should focus on managing teaching and learning to achieve a shared vision for the educational institution.
Principal as Instructional Leader presentationNola Taylor
This document discusses the role of school principals as instructional leaders and the impact of effective leadership on student achievement. It reviews research showing that leadership is second only to classroom instruction in influencing learning and that effective principals can increase student achievement by 2-7 months in one year. The document also examines the challenges principals face, such as feeling their jobs are too complex and experiencing high stress levels. It then outlines the key activities of instructional leaders, such as coaching teachers, using data to inform instruction, and focusing on adult learning. Overall, the summary emphasizes that school principals indirectly improve teaching and learning most powerfully through their influence on staff motivation, commitment, and working conditions.
The SOLO taxonomy is a framework for understanding levels of understanding. It defines five levels of increasing complexity in a learner's understanding: pre-structural, uni-structural, multi-structural, relational, and extended abstract. Using this taxonomy can help learners assess their own work and identify ways to improve by moving to higher levels of linking and integrating ideas.
The STOIC acronym outlines evidence-based practices for implementing Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) in the classroom, including structuring the environment, teaching expectations, observing and supervising student behavior, using data to make decisions, interacting positively, and correcting errors. Research shows the most important components are clearly structuring the classroom and expectations, and maintaining a high ratio of positive to negative interactions between teachers and students.
classical and contemporary theory of educational administrationLayAnnMadarcos1
This short slide presentation helps you gain a deeper understanding of Classical and Contemporary Theories of Educational Administration. The content of this presentation was mostly from different authors.
This document outlines the principles of non-directive teaching, which is a student-centered approach based on counseling techniques. The key aspects are that the teacher acts as a facilitator rather than instructor, helping students explore ideas related to their own lives through discussion and problem-solving. The goal is to build lifelong learning skills rather than focus on short-term content, with an emphasis on positive human relationships between students and teachers working as partners.
This document provides guidance on classroom management techniques for teachers. It discusses identifying antecedents and consequences of student behaviors, using positive and negative reinforcement, extinction, response cost, proximity control, and decontamination strategies. It also covers selecting classroom rules with student input, defining behaviors objectively, using group and individual consequences, contracts, and self-management techniques. The document concludes with tips for managing teacher stress through better time management, addressing interpersonal and role expectations, and prioritizing personal well-being.
Action research is a process of systematic inquiry conducted by practitioners to improve their own practices. It typically involves identifying an area for improvement, developing and implementing a plan for change, collecting and analyzing data about the results of the changes, and reflecting on and sharing the results. The goal is to help practitioners improve their own work by examining their practices collaboratively and making adjustments based on what they learn.
This document provides course notes for the topic "Culture and Climate in Schools" from the course "Management and Leadership in Education". It defines organizational culture and climate, explaining that culture refers to shared meanings and orientations while climate describes collective perceptions of behavior. The notes describe different levels of culture, functions of culture, elements that shape culture, and metaphors used to depict school cultures. It also distinguishes between open and closed organizational climates, and climates of citizenship, organization health, and academic emphasis.
This document discusses organizational culture and provides definitions and concepts related to culture. It defines culture as shared beliefs, values, and norms of a group. It discusses Edgar Schein's definition of organizational culture as basic assumptions learned by a group to solve problems. There are three main levels of culture - artifacts and behaviors, values, and underlying assumptions. Understanding organizational culture is useful for managers to predict responses and assess challenges. Strategic and culture change may be needed when the future arrives. Culture can be a powerful tool for managers to achieve goals and ensure consistent decision making. Subcultures can form within larger organizations. Evaluating culture is important for mergers and acquisitions when acquiring intangible assets like processes and business models.
Educational administration is important for effectively leading educational institutions. It involves understanding theoretical concepts and best practices. Educational administration has aspects in common with other fields of management but also unique characteristics that deserve distinctive treatment. The basic purpose of an educational administrator is to enhance teaching and learning by coordinating programs and resources to achieve shared institutional goals and visions.
School culture consists of the beliefs, values, traditions, behaviors, climate, and unwritten ways of operating that shape a school. A head of school plays a key role in shaping and communicating a school's culture through paying attention to certain aspects, measuring outcomes, and serving as a symbol and storyteller of the culture. Teachers and administrators also influence culture as supporting actors who can enable or question the expressed versus observed culture.
Supervison in Teaching & Learning SlidesAzreen5520
The document discusses supervision in teaching and learning, noting that effective supervision can improve staff performance by providing feedback, support, and professional development opportunities. It outlines various types and conceptions of supervision, the roles and responsibilities of supervisors in facilitating teacher growth, and some common issues around supervision such as teachers viewing it as a threat. The key purpose of supervision is to enhance instruction and promote professional growth through guidance, coaching, and establishing supportive relationships.
This document discusses reflection in learning and teaching. It defines reflection as a process of reviewing experiences to describe, analyze, evaluate, and inform future practice. Several frameworks for reflection are presented, including those by Dewey, Kolb, Schon, and Hatton and Smith. The document notes that while reflection is commonly used, definitions vary and it can be a complex process. Effective reflection involves critical thinking, identifying assumptions, and considering alternatives. Reflective frameworks and strategies can help teachers and students learn from experiences and continue developing.
The document discusses data-driven decision making (DDDM) in education. It defines DDDM as systematically collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data to inform practices and policies. True DDDM considers more than test scores, exploring student well-being and feedback from the school community. The document also outlines the benefits of DDDM and provides examples of how teacher leaders can foster a culture of DDDM by dedicating time for collaboration, building understanding of data analysis, and working with colleagues to use data to identify problems and solutions.
The document discusses the system approach to viewing organizations. The system approach views an organization as a group of interrelated and independent parts working towards a common goal. An organization is composed of parts that interact and relate to each other, and the activity of any one part can affect other parts. The system approach provides managers a way to view the organization as a unified, goal-oriented system composed of interrelated parts. It considers the basic elements of input, process, output, and feedback and key features like being goal-directed, having sub-systems, and information flows within open or closed systems. The system approach provides an integrated view of organizations and is useful for studying complex systems.
The clinical supervision model focuses on collaboration between a cooperating teacher and student teaching candidate. It involves the cooperating teacher modeling lessons for the candidate and collecting data as the candidate teaches. After each lesson, the two collaborate in a post-teaching conference. Reflection is a key part of the process, allowing the candidate to analyze their teaching and identify areas for improvement. The ALACT model outlines a process for reflection that includes action, looking back, awareness, creating alternatives, and trial.
This document discusses different models of supervision in education. It defines supervision as activities done by school personnel to maintain or improve instructional goals. Three definitions are provided that emphasize administration, instruction, and leadership. Clinical supervision and peer supervision models are then described in detail. Clinical supervision aims to improve instruction through a cyclical process of planning, observation, analysis, feedback, and reflection. Peer supervision involves teachers working together for mutual professional development as colleagues at the same level, to reduce isolation and encourage risk-taking. The key aspects of starting a successful peer supervision program are discussed.
This document discusses cooperative learning instructional strategies and their benefits based on research. It defines cooperative learning as students working in small teams to maximize individual and collective learning. Key aspects include positive interdependence, individual accountability, developing social skills, face-to-face interaction, and group processing. Major researchers such as Johnson, Slavin, and Sharan are discussed and their findings that cooperative learning improves academic performance, social skills, and reduces prejudice. Specific cooperative learning models developed by these researchers are also outlined.
The document discusses various aspects of teaching including:
1. It defines teaching as a process that prepares students for learning and provides structure to enable productive learning.
2. It outlines the key roles of teachers as subject matter experts, pedagogical experts, excellent communicators, student-centered mentors, and assessors.
3. It discusses characteristics of quality teaching including a focus on student achievement, effective links between school and context, and pedagogy that promotes self-regulation and discourse.
This document discusses educational management and leadership. It covers the definition and significance of educational management. Effective managers can provide the best possible education. Different leadership styles are examined, including managerial, transformational, participative, post-modern, moral, instructional, and contingent leadership. Regardless of the specific approach, leadership should focus on managing teaching and learning to achieve a shared vision for the educational institution.
Principal as Instructional Leader presentationNola Taylor
This document discusses the role of school principals as instructional leaders and the impact of effective leadership on student achievement. It reviews research showing that leadership is second only to classroom instruction in influencing learning and that effective principals can increase student achievement by 2-7 months in one year. The document also examines the challenges principals face, such as feeling their jobs are too complex and experiencing high stress levels. It then outlines the key activities of instructional leaders, such as coaching teachers, using data to inform instruction, and focusing on adult learning. Overall, the summary emphasizes that school principals indirectly improve teaching and learning most powerfully through their influence on staff motivation, commitment, and working conditions.
The SOLO taxonomy is a framework for understanding levels of understanding. It defines five levels of increasing complexity in a learner's understanding: pre-structural, uni-structural, multi-structural, relational, and extended abstract. Using this taxonomy can help learners assess their own work and identify ways to improve by moving to higher levels of linking and integrating ideas.
The STOIC acronym outlines evidence-based practices for implementing Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) in the classroom, including structuring the environment, teaching expectations, observing and supervising student behavior, using data to make decisions, interacting positively, and correcting errors. Research shows the most important components are clearly structuring the classroom and expectations, and maintaining a high ratio of positive to negative interactions between teachers and students.
classical and contemporary theory of educational administrationLayAnnMadarcos1
This short slide presentation helps you gain a deeper understanding of Classical and Contemporary Theories of Educational Administration. The content of this presentation was mostly from different authors.
This document outlines the principles of non-directive teaching, which is a student-centered approach based on counseling techniques. The key aspects are that the teacher acts as a facilitator rather than instructor, helping students explore ideas related to their own lives through discussion and problem-solving. The goal is to build lifelong learning skills rather than focus on short-term content, with an emphasis on positive human relationships between students and teachers working as partners.
This document provides guidance on classroom management techniques for teachers. It discusses identifying antecedents and consequences of student behaviors, using positive and negative reinforcement, extinction, response cost, proximity control, and decontamination strategies. It also covers selecting classroom rules with student input, defining behaviors objectively, using group and individual consequences, contracts, and self-management techniques. The document concludes with tips for managing teacher stress through better time management, addressing interpersonal and role expectations, and prioritizing personal well-being.
Action research is a process of systematic inquiry conducted by practitioners to improve their own practices. It typically involves identifying an area for improvement, developing and implementing a plan for change, collecting and analyzing data about the results of the changes, and reflecting on and sharing the results. The goal is to help practitioners improve their own work by examining their practices collaboratively and making adjustments based on what they learn.
This document provides course notes for the topic "Culture and Climate in Schools" from the course "Management and Leadership in Education". It defines organizational culture and climate, explaining that culture refers to shared meanings and orientations while climate describes collective perceptions of behavior. The notes describe different levels of culture, functions of culture, elements that shape culture, and metaphors used to depict school cultures. It also distinguishes between open and closed organizational climates, and climates of citizenship, organization health, and academic emphasis.
This document discusses organizational culture and provides definitions and concepts related to culture. It defines culture as shared beliefs, values, and norms of a group. It discusses Edgar Schein's definition of organizational culture as basic assumptions learned by a group to solve problems. There are three main levels of culture - artifacts and behaviors, values, and underlying assumptions. Understanding organizational culture is useful for managers to predict responses and assess challenges. Strategic and culture change may be needed when the future arrives. Culture can be a powerful tool for managers to achieve goals and ensure consistent decision making. Subcultures can form within larger organizations. Evaluating culture is important for mergers and acquisitions when acquiring intangible assets like processes and business models.
Organizational culture refers to the shared values, beliefs, and assumptions that develop within an organization over time. It provides a sense of identity for members and enhances commitment to the organization's mission. A strong organizational culture is one in which core values are intensely held and widely shared. Culture is learned through artifacts, espoused values, and underlying assumptions. While most members share the dominant culture, subcultures may also form around different experiences or departments. Maintaining culture involves selection practices, actions of top management, and socialization of new employees. Organizational climate refers to current patterns of behavior and feelings in an organization, reflecting the shared perceptions of how things are done. It is shaped by and influences organizational culture.
creating and maintaining organization culuter ahmad alshardi
This document describes organizational culture and how it is created and maintained. It defines organizational culture as shared values and norms that control member interactions and distinguish an organization. Characteristics like innovation, detail orientation, and aggressiveness shape culture. Strong cultures have intensely held, clearly shared values. Culture is created by founders hiring like-minded people and socializing new employees. It is maintained through selection of cultural fits, actions of top management modeling culture, and onboarding that socializes new employees to the culture. An organization's ethical culture influences member decision-making and is shaped by factors like leadership and policies.
This document defines and discusses organizational behavior. It begins by defining an organization as a group of people working together to achieve shared goals. It then discusses the concepts of behavior, organizational behavior, and the importance of understanding behavior in organizations. The document outlines the characteristics, challenges, opportunities, and contributing disciplines of organizational behavior. It provides examples of models and elements of organizational behavior and traces its origins from early Greek and Roman philosophers to modern social science theories. Finally, it discusses common theoretical frameworks used in organizational behavior including cognitive, behavioral, and social learning approaches.
Organizational Culture and Ethical ValuesEray Aydin
This document discusses organizational culture. It begins by defining culture and organizational culture. Organizational culture is the set of shared values, norms, beliefs, and understandings within an organization. It is taught to new members and influences how people think and behave in the organization. Subcultures can also exist within different departments of an organization. Organizational culture emerges from the values and ideas of founders and early leaders. It is reinforced over time through socialization, selection criteria, and management actions. Organizational culture influences internal integration, adaptation, decision-making, and provides an overall identity for the organization. Leaders play a key role in shaping the culture and ethical values of an organization through both formal systems and their own behavior
The document outlines key concepts from an organizational behavior chapter, including:
1) It contrasts omnipotent and symbolic views of managers and their discretion within organizations.
2) It describes the seven dimensions of organizational culture and how culture is transmitted.
3) It discusses characteristics of ethical, innovative, and customer-responsive cultures and the importance of workplace spirituality.
4) It defines the external environment and stakeholders, and explains how to manage external relationships.
This document discusses organizational culture and defines it as the underlying values, beliefs, and practices shared by members of an organization that distinguish it from other organizations. It notes that culture is learned rather than inherited, and identifies key factors that influence and develop organizational culture, such as leaders, critical incidents, rewards systems, and recruitment practices. The document also outlines different types of organizational cultures, such as power, role, task, and person-oriented cultures, and explains how culture manifests itself in organizational behavior through corporate values, climate, and management style.
Organizational culture was introduced in the late 1970s as a concept to understand shared values, beliefs, and norms within organizations. Researchers suggested that culture can significantly impact organizational outcomes and performance. The document defines organizational culture and discusses key aspects like different types of culture, how employees learn culture, the importance of culture, and the relationship between culture and organizational structure. It also provides steps to build and maintain a strong organizational culture.
Building an ethical workplace culture requires equal skills in policy-making and relationship-building, and equal emphasis on procedures and values. Structural concerns like codes, training and clear criteria matter, but so do storytelling, mentoring and presiding over an organization’s routines and ceremonies. In an ideal workplace, structures and relationships will work together around core values that transcend self-interest. Core values will inspire value-creating efforts as employees feel inspired to do what is right, even when the right thing is hard to do. The ethics of our workplace cultures matter because the work itself matters and requires the cooperation that only positive, virtuous ethics can sustain. Compliance keeps us out of trouble, but virtuous ethics will create value for our co-workers and for our organization.
This document discusses organizational culture and ethics. It begins by defining organizational culture and explaining how it is developed and transmitted through shared beliefs, assumptions, values and norms. It also discusses how employees learn the organizational culture through stories, rituals, material symbols and language. The document then covers different types of organizational culture like bureaucratic, clan, market and entrepreneurial. It also discusses the concepts of core values, dominant culture and subcultures within organizations. The document concludes by discussing the importance of ethics in organizations and frameworks for ethical decision making like utilitarianism and deontology.
This document discusses organizational culture and ethics. It begins by defining organizational culture and explaining how it is developed and transmitted through shared beliefs, assumptions, values and norms. It also discusses how employees learn the organizational culture through stories, rituals, material symbols and language. The document then covers different types of organizational culture like bureaucratic, clan, market and entrepreneurial. It also discusses the concepts of core values, dominant culture and subcultures within organizations. The document concludes by discussing the importance of ethics in organizations and frameworks for ethical decision making like utilitarianism and deontology.
Organizational culture has a powerful effect on the performance and the long-term effectiveness of organizations. Organizational culture has the power to influence employee behaviors and increase employee commitment and productivity. Therefore, a clear understanding of organizational culture and how to effect its change is important for business leaders because it influences the way that organizations react to the changing demands of the business environment. The goal of this paper is to explore what is meant by organizational culture, why it is important, and how to change an established culture so that it is better aligned with the organization’s strategy.
Organizational culture refers to the shared meanings and behaviors within an organization. It is created through the actions of founders, top management, selection processes, and socialization of new employees. Employees learn the culture through stories, rituals, and shared language. Managers can shape culture by acting as role models, communicating expectations, providing training, and rewarding ethical behavior while punishing unethical acts. Creating a positive culture emphasizes employee strengths, growth, and vitality over punishment. National culture also influences organizational culture in global contexts.
Ch07 - Organisation theory design and change gareth jonesAnkit Kesri
The document discusses organizational culture and how it is transmitted to members. Culture is the shared values and norms that guide member interactions and behaviors. It is shaped by socialization tactics, stories, ceremonies, and language. Culture comes from the characteristics of members, organizational ethics, property rights, and structure. While difficult to change, culture can be managed by redesigning these influencing factors. The document also discusses the importance of social responsibility in organizational culture.
Organizational culture refers to shared meanings and behaviors among members of an organization. It is shaped by founders and reinforced over time through socialization, stories, rituals, and symbols. A strong culture with clear values can increase commitment and coordination but may also resist change and diversity. Managers can develop an ethical culture through role modeling, training, and rewarding ethical conduct. National culture also influences how organizational culture is expressed in other countries.
The term organizational development was coined by Richard Beckhard in the mid-1950s.Organizational development is an acronym of two words i.e., organization and development
Organisational culture as a Determinant of organisational developmentinventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Similar to Educational Administration: Concepts and Practices 6th Edition (Book) (20)
Social Sciences (Pedagogy) Course code 641 University of Karachi.docxzulfiqaralibehan
Department of Teacher Education University of Karachi Social Sciences (Pedagogy)
Semester VII
Course Code: DTE 641
Objectives:
After completing this course, Student Teachers will be able to:
• promote critical thinking through the key concepts of history (change, continuity, and chronology) and geography (relationship among location, region, and
• environment)
• Apply the skills, strategies, and habits of mind required for effective inquiry and communication in teaching history and geography
• Apply the knowledge acquired through social studies and the study of history and geography to the world outside the classroom
• Apply the knowledge and skills gained from social studies to function as informed citizens in a culturally diverse and interdependent world
DETRC Karachi The 1st Educational Conference OK.pdfzulfiqaralibehan
DETRC Karachi, a renowned educational institution, successfully organized the inaugural educational conference on the theme "Education-reshaping the Society" on 26th of October 2023 to nurture the research culture in the province of education. The conference aimed to bring together a diverse group of individuals, including research scholars, educationists, and research students, who are passionate about the field of education.
Learning Diversities in the classroom @ Roshan Tara School PPT By Zulfiqar Be...zulfiqaralibehan
Topic Learning Diversities in the Classroom @ Roshan Tara Secondary School Sachal Goth Karachi, A teacher Training session conducted by Zulfiqar Behan.
Educational Administration: Concepts and Practices 6th Edition by Fred C. Lu...zulfiqaralibehan
This document summarizes key aspects of organizational culture as it relates to educational administration. It discusses various models and frameworks for understanding organizational culture, including Deal and Kennedy's four dimensions of culture, Steinhoff and Owens' typology of school culture phenotypes, and theories like Theory Z. It also covers the differences between organizational culture and climate, and analyzes constructs for conceptualizing school climate, such as Halpin and Croft's open vs closed climates and Hoy and Tarter's healthy vs sick schools. The document concludes with a discussion of the Comprehensive Assessment of School Environments and Willower, Eidell, and Hoy's concept of pupil control ideology.
This document discusses communication, including its definition, elements, and barriers. It defines communication as the process of sending and receiving information between two or more people. The main elements are the sender, who encodes the message, and the receiver, who decodes it. There are four types of barriers that can disrupt communication: process, physical, semantic, and psychosocial. Effective communication is a two-way process that requires effort from both the sender and receiver through skills like active listening. The document provides suggestions for improving communication, such as clarifying roles, writing clear emails, conducting organized meetings, and addressing cultural differences.
one Pager Poster presentation by zulfiqar Improving the implementation and ef...zulfiqaralibehan
Improving the implementation and effectiveness of out-of school-time tutoring.
one Pager Poster presentation by zulfiqar Improving the implementation and effectiveness of out-of school-time tutoring.
1. The Government Divisional Educational Technology Resource Centre (DETRC) in Karachi has a staff that includes teachers, assistant professors, and non-teaching roles like drivers and security guards.
2. DETRC works under the Directorate of Teacher Training Institutes in Sindh to provide quality education in the 6 districts of Karachi. It prepares resources and conducts workshops, trainings, and seminars for elementary and secondary teachers and administrators.
3. DETRC offers indoor and mobile workshops, virtual teaching programs, e-resources for teaching and learning, volunteer programs, and a researchers society to build teacher capacity and support education in a cost-effective manner.
This document discusses experimental research methods. It defines experiments as actions taken to observe consequences and collect controlled data. Examples of classic experiments are provided, including Albert Bandura's 1961 Bobo doll study. Topics suitable for experiments include small group interactions and hypothesis testing. Key aspects of experimental design discussed are selecting subjects through random assignment and probability sampling, and using classical designs like pretest-posttest control groups or Solomon four-group designs. Strengths include establishing causality and control, while weaknesses can include artificiality and sample size. Field experiments conducted in natural settings are also summarized, along with their strengths of external validity but weaknesses in establishing causality.
Grounded theory is a qualitative research method that focuses on generating theoretical ideas or hypotheses from data rather than having these specified beforehand. It involves three main stages - open coding to develop categories, axial coding to interconnect categories, and selective coding to build a core category and story that connects all categories. Key aspects include simultaneous data collection and analysis, constant comparison to discover relationships, theoretical sampling to refine categories, and memo-writing to develop ideas. While flexible, grounded theory provides a systematic approach to qualitative data analysis aimed at theory development rather than verification of existing theories.
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Educational Administration: Concepts and Practices 6th Edition (Book)
1. Team Task
Chapter Three
Team Members
Mr. Zulfiqar Ali Behan
Ms. Farhana Naz Siddiqui
Mr. Arshad Mehmood Siddiqui
Educational Administration: Concepts and Practices 6th Edition (Book)
3. Main Themes
Uniformity of culture
Creating, Maintaining , And
Changing Organizational Culture
a) Creating Organizational Culture Values
b)Maintaining Organizational Culture
c) Changing Organizational Culture
Effects Of Organizational Culture
Views of Excellence
Theory Z
A Typological Culture
Organizational Climate
Open and Closed Climates
Healthy and Sick Schools
Comprehensive Assessment of
School Environment
Pupil Control Ideology
4. What Is Organizational Culture?Culture
Defined as : all the
Beliefs
Feelings
Behaviours
Symbols
Are the characteristics of an organization
5. Another Simple Definition:
Organizational culture is a set of shared
values that organization members have
regarding the functioning and existence of
their organization.
6. Less Important Till 1980s
More important after the publications of :
1. Terrence Deal & Allan Kennedy “ Corporate, Culture
2. William Onch’s Theory Z
3. Tom Peters & Robert Waterman’s “In Search of
Excellence” Popularized organizational Culture and
Researchers began in earnest to study the topic
Background
7. Organizational Culture
Build Consensus that organization have personalities
Like people:
Flexible
Rigid
Supportive OR Un-friendly
Innovative OR Conservative
10. Characteristics of Organizational Culture
Norms as set standards of behavior
Dominant Values
Philosophy OR Policies
Rules
Feelings OR Overall atmosphere
Integration such as: In School
Administration as
Organizational Structure
Motivation
Leadership
Decision making
Communication &
Change
12. Culture Represents The
Organization’s Cumulative
Learning As Reflected In
Organizational
Structures
People
Administrative Process
External Environment To
Perpetuate
Beliefs
Behaviours And
Specifies
Goals
Values &
Mission
Uniformity Of Organizational Culture
13. Sub-Cultures
Complex organizations do not typically manifest Single:
Homogenous Beliefs
Values &
Behaviour Patterns
A. Culture: Consists of the ideal philosophy of the organization and
How Organizational members should behave
B. Informal Culture: Consists of the actual manifestation of the ideal
philosophy in the day to day behavior of the organizational members
15. Creating, Maintaining And Changing Organizational
Culture
Organizational Cultures are created, maintained and changed
through similar processes:
How is Organizational Culture Created?
How is the Organizational Culture maintained?
Can organizational Culture be changed by administrative
action?
16. Creating, Maintaining And Changing Organizational Culture
According to Deal and Kennedy:
There are four dimensions of organizational Culture
1. Values ( General Criteria, Standards or Principles that guide the
behavior of Organization)
2. Heroes ( The visionary instruction builders) “Heroes are born &
Created”
17. Creating, Maintaining And Changing Organizational Culture
1. Rites & Rituals ( Everyday activities and celebrations that
characterized organization)
2. Communication Networks ( Whispers are the power
behind the throne)
Gossips carry the trivial day to day activities of the organization
through the communication network.
18. Maintaining Organizational Culture (Socialization)
Selection of Staff
Orientation
Job Mastery
Rewards and Control Systems
Adherence to Values
Reinforcing Folklore/Myths/Traditions
Consistent Role Models
19. Maintaining Organizational Culture (Socialization)
1. Selection of
Staff
2. Orientation
3. Job
Mastery
4. Rewards
and Control
System
5. Adherence
to Values
6.
Reinforcing
Folklore
7. Consistent
Role Models
20. Components of Change Cycle of Organizational Culture
External Enabling Conditions
Internal Permitting Conditions
Participating Pressures
Activating Events
Cultural Visioning
Culture Change Strategy
Culture Change Action Plans
Implementation of Interventions
Reformulation of Culture
21. Components of Change Cycle of Organizational Culture
Organization or
Subunit Center
Under External
Enabling
Conditions
Internal Permitting
Conditions
Precipitating
Pressures Exist
Experiences
Triggering Events
sometimes Lead to
Agents Engaging in
Cultural Visioning
Guiding the
Development of a
Culture Change
Strategy
Translated into
Inducement,
Managements and
Stabilization Action
Plan
Interventions
Are
Implemented
Resulting in
Reformulation of
22. Effects of Organizational Culture
Organizational Culture has:
A direct link to Administrative processes, and
It affects on the administrative process like
a) Motivation
b) Leadership
c) Decision making
d) Communication and
e) Change.
23. Effects of Organizational Culture
Affects on structural processes like
a) selection process
b) Evaluation system
c) control system and
d) Reward system.
Culture also affects on employee performance and
their effectiveness.
24. Views of Excellence
According to Thomas Peters and Waterman
“Culture plays key role in the success of US best
run organizations.”
25. Characteristic found in excellent companies.
Good relation/behaviour to the Customer
Autonomy and Entrepreneurship
Productivity Through People
Hands-On, Value-Driven Effects
Sticking to the Knitting
Simple Form, Lean Staff
Simultaneous Loose-Tight Properties
26. Theory Z
Introduced by William G. Ouchi, in 1993
Purpose: To know “How American Business can meet the
Japanese challenge
OR
To know the secret of the successful and high-producing firms.
27. Theory Z
The continuation of McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
Highlights the difference between personal leadership styles of an
individual supervisor whereas
Theory Z points out the “culture of the whole organization.”
28. Purpose of theory Z
Culture focus on long-term employment, consensual
decision making, individual responsibility, and wide-
ranging commitment to all aspects of the employee’s life.
29. Application of Theory Z in Schools
The main features of this theory in schools are as under:
Trust
Subtlety
Intimacy
Shared control and Decision Making
Skills Training
Quality Education
Motivation Through Self-Interest
Equitable Reward System
30. A Typology of Organizational Culture
Carl Steinhoff and Robert Owens developed a framework
of four distinctive culture phenotypes found in public schools
Clearly describable and differentiated from one another in
terms of :
a) The metaphorical (Symbolic) language elicited from
school participants.
b) Based on the taxonomy of organizational culture
31. Organizational Culture Assessment Inventory (OCAI)
Steinhoff and Owens constructed after a detailed
research work four distinctive phenotypes of school
culture are described as under in terms of its
metaphorical content by type.
1. Family Culture
2. Machine culture
3. Cabaret culture
4. Little Shop of Horrors’ Culture
32. Organizational Climate
Open & Closed Climate
Healthy & Sick School
Comprehensive Assessment of School Environment (CASE)
Pupil Control Ideology
Key Terms (Conclusion)
Part /3
33. Organizational Climate
Organizational Climate is the total environmental quality
within an organization.
It may refer to the environment within a school
department, a school building, or a school district.
Organizational climate can be expressed by such adjectives
as “open, bustling, warm, easygoing, informal, cold,
impersonal, hostile, rigid, and closed
34. Organizational culture has its roots in sociology and anthropology,
whereas organizational climate is rooted in psychology.
Four well-known constructs for conceptualizing organizational
climate in schools:
Halpin and Croft's concept of open and closed climates;
Hoy and Tarter's organizational health construct;
National Association of Secondary School Principals
(NASSP's) Comprehensive Assessment of School
Environments;
Willower, Eidell, and Hoy's concepts of pupil control ideology.
35. Low in disengagement,
low in hindrance,
Very high in esprit,
High in intimacy,
low in aloofness,
low in production emphasis,
Very high in thrust,
and high in consideration.
Depicted as very high in
disengagement
High in hindrance,
Very low in esprit
The instrument of Halpin and Croft constructed (The Organizational
Climate Description Questionnaire) OCDQ contains 64 Likert type
items open and closed
36. Open Climate An energetic,
lively organization that is
moving toward its goals and
that provides satisfaction for
group members'
open climate. Leadership acts
emerge easily and appropriately
from both the group and the
leader.
The main characteristic of this
climate is the
“ Authenticity “ of the behavior
that occurs among all members
A high degree of apathy on the part of
all members of the organization
The organization is not moving"; esprit is
low because group members secure
neither social-needs satisfaction nor task-
achievement satisfaction.
Members' behavior can be construed as
inauthentic; Indeed, the organization
seems to be stagnant.
37. Another instrument to assess the climate of the school is the
Organizational Health Inventory (OHI) developed by Wayne Hoy
and John Tarter.
Developed 3 levels
Institutional School environment
Administrative controls the internal managerial function
Teacher Level in teaching and learning process
38. Teachers
like their colleagues,
their school,
their job,
and their students
The learning environment is serious and
orderly, and students work hard and
respect others who do well academically
(high academic
emphasis).
Principal behavior
healthy-
friendly,
open, egalitarian and supportive.
Healthy School Sick School
Teachers and administrators are
bombarded
Unreasonable parental demands
Low institutional integrity
Low teacher affiliation
Low resource support
Low academic emphasis
Principal provides little direction
or structure
slight encouragement for teachers
Low collegial leadership
Teachers don’t like their colleagues
or their job
Etc
39. Comprehensive Assessment of School Environments (CASE)
The National Association of School Principals NASSP's investigated the current literature and measures of school climate.
The task force formulated a general model described the contextual input ,mediating and outcome variables of school
environment
The Survey collects and measures data about perceptions on the following subscales
Teacher-student
relationship
Security and maintenance:
Administration: Student academic
orientation
Student behavioral values
Student activities
Instructional management
Student-peer relationships:
Guidance
Student-peer relationships:
40. Pupil Control ideology
Another method of conceptualizing organizational climate is in terms of the
attitudes toward students and the behavior faculty use to control them.
Willard Waller was one of the first to underscore the saliency of pupil control in
the organizational life of public schools.
The importance of pupil control in schools is not Surprising. Schools are
people-developing or people changing institutions.
The objective of the school as a social institution is to achieve major changes in
the child Pupil control is the "integrative theme" that pervaded the culture of the
school