This document discusses openness in education. It begins with definitions of "open" and "free" and explores the history of open source software and open educational resources. MOOCs and open textbooks are presented as ways to reduce costs for students. Barriers to openness include perceptions of quality and the startup costs and time required to find and curate open resources. The conclusion advocates for viewing learning resources as an ecosystem and considering open educational resources when designing curriculum.

1. EDUC638/EME6613 Openness in Education
September 30, 2014
Mathieu Plourdebit.ly/educ638-open14

2. Mathieu Plourde, MBA, Ed.D. Candidate
bit.ly/mathplourde
2

3. BEFORE WE START… 3

4. What is open?
•Let’s gather definitions of the word “open”
•http://bit.ly/def-open14
4

5. What is free?
•Let’s gather definitions of the word “free”
•http://bit.ly/def-free14
5

6. HISTORY LESSON
A little
6

7. Traditional software model
Credit: somethingstartedcrazyand Rob on Flickr.
7

8. Open source software
USERS
DEVELOPERS
8

9. Open encyclopedia
9

10. Source: Apple Just Ended the Era of Paid Operating Systems (Wired)
10

11. Gratis
Libre
&
(free of charge)
(freedom of use)
11

12. Open education
"...is the simple and powerful idea that the world’s knowledge is a public good and that technology in general and the Worldwide Web in particular provide an extraordinary opportunity for everyone to share, use, and reuse knowledge."
—The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation 12

13. Open education
13

14. Evolution towards MOOCs
Gerard L. Hanley, http://jolt.merlot.org/vol9no2/hanley_message_0613.htm

15. WHY OPEN MATTERS 15

16. Increase in textbook prices and college tuition (GAO)
16

17. Demand for degrees
17
McCoy, D., Schiller, S. R., Frank, E., & Schiller, S. (2011, April 4). Textbook Affordability: Emerging Solutions in Ohio. Webinar, . Retrieved from http://www.educause.edu/Resources/TextbookAffordabilityEmergingS/226560

18. Low-cost pathways
18

19. Typical textbook cycle
19

20. Adopting an open textbook
•Andrea Everard, Associate Professor
•Accounting & MIS
•MISY427 Information Technology Applications in Management -Fall 2011
•Link to blog post and video testimonial

21. Costs associated with potential textbooks for MISY427

22. State of Washington
The Open Course Library has saved students $5.5 million in textbook coststo date, including $2.9 million during the 2012-2013 academic year alone.”

23. Tidewater Community College
“For students who pursue the new “textbook-free” degree, the total cost for required textbooks will be zero. Instead, the program will use high quality open textbooks and other open educational resources, known as OER, which are freely accessible, openly licensed materials useful for teaching, learning, assessment and research. It is estimated that a TCC student who completes the degree through the textbook-free initiative might save one-third on the cost of college.”
http://www.tcc.edu/news/press/2013/TextbookFreeDegree.htm

24. Open textbooks in K12
•State of Utah pilot provides a printed copy for $5 per student.
•Replaces a 7 year cycle.
•Fresh content every year, students keep the book.
•Open textbook calculator:
•http://openedgroup.org/calculator/
David Wiley, http://www.slideshare.net/opencontent/the-5-texbook

25. OER Repositories/Referatories
•http://sites.udel.edu/open/finding/

26. WHAT MAKES SOMETHING OPEN?
26

27. Copyright licensing
•Open educational resources (OER) are powered by Creative Commons. The author sets the acceptable uses from the get-go.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/

28. BEWARE: OPENWASHING
“What's getting lost here is the power of "free" to benefit not only institutions, but students as well.”
-Anya Kamenetz

29. The OER spectrum
Textbook
Learning object

30. The OER spectrum
Textbook
Learning object
Whole
Traditional
Fixed
Peer-reviewed
"Nugget"
Innovative
Evolving
"Wisdom of the crowd"

31. What makes a resource open?
•David Wiley's 4Rs:
•Reuse: the right to reuse the content in its unaltered/verbatim form (e.g., make a backup copy of the content)
•Revise: the right to adapt, adjust, modify, or alter the content itself (e.g., translate the content into another language)
•Remix: the right to combine the original or revised content with other content to create something new (e.g., incorporate the content into a mashup)
•Redistribute: the right to share copies of the original content, the revisions, or the remixes with others (e.g., give a copy of the content to a friend)

32. THE BIG BAD MOOC 32

33. Are you afraid MOOCs might take away your job?
•Yes
•No
33
Credit: Daniel Lobo on Flickr.com

34. What is a MOOC anyway?
34

35. 35
Casey Green at #digedcon, April 2013

36. 36

37. UD’s first MOOC
37
www.canvas.net/courses/phoneography-the-basics-of-cell-phone-photography

38. ConnectivistMOOCs
38

39. Explore a MOOC catalog
39
www.class-central.com

40. Found something interesting?
•How would you incorporate a MOOC in your everyday life?
•Personally (as a hobby)
•Educationally (to support your coursework as a student)
•Professionally (to support your lifelong learning as a professional)
•For teaching (to support your students)
40

41. The value of MOOCs
•San Jose State U. Puts MOOC Project on Hold
•Prior learning assessment:
•Western Governors University
•SUNY REAL
•Wrapping
•Mozilla open badges
41

42. BARRIERS TO OPEN 42

43. Perception of quality
•Outside resources:
•“Not mine”
•“Not peer-reviewed”
•“Not someone I know”
•Personal resources:
•Copyright confusion
•“Not perfect enough to share”
43

44. Startup cost and time
•Finding
•Vetting
•Sequencing
•Remixing
•Filling up gaps
•Assembling in a web format
•Missing ancillaries and homework-as-a-service
44

45. CONCLUSION 45

46. Learning resources ecosystem
46

47. Curriculum design
1.Commercial textbook selection
2.Build from scratch
1.Learning objectives
2.Course outline
3.Explore OER
4.Identify gaps
5.Explore commercial options
6.Remix, repurpose
7.Build, share, improve
47

49. WE NEED YOU!

50. Mathieu Plourde, MBA, Ed.D. Candidate
bit.ly/mathplourde
Slides: bit.ly/educ638-open14
50
sites.udel.edu/open

51. OTHER OPENNESSES 51

52. Open access research
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L5rVH1KGBCY

53. Open educational practices
•http://openteaching.ud- css.net/2013/03/openeducationwk-udsnf12/

54. Personal learning networks
Attribution: Alec Couros(courosa) on Flickr.com