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Oer september16presentation final
- 1. Catch the Waveof the Future:OER - Open Educational Resources and Open TextbooksAn Introduction to FacultyVicky Moyle, Instructor, General Studies, MathematicsBellingham Technical CollegeSeptember 16, 2010
- 2. What’s it allabout, and why should I care? What are OER & Open Textbooks? What brought us here? “Why now?” “Where do I fit in (and do I want to?)” Discover some resources “What can I / should I do?”
- 3. What is OER?Educationalmaterials shared openlyCourses, articles, videos, modules, textbooks, files – usually digitalLicensed but free to end user Available to use, reuse, repurpose, remix, redistribute - IMPROVE
- 4. What has enabledOER?
- 5. Student PIRGsDriving Actionin Textbook Affordability
- 6. Students average$900per yearon textbooks
- 7. Prices rising2xthe rateofInflation(some estimates are now 4x !)
- 8. Publishers had toomuch power – Instructors had limited influenceStudents had virtually nonePublisherSTUDENTINSTRUCTOR
- 9. Price Disclosure LawsMinnesotaArizonaColoradoMissouriConnecticutWashingtonOregonOklahomaFederalLaw in 2010Washington Governor signs HB 2300 with WashPIRG students.
- 10. Change in PhilosophyOpenSource Software movement Openness and “architecture of participation” (O’Reilly 2003)“Knowledge as a collective social product” (Prasad & Ambedkar cited in Downes 2007:1)OPENING UP EDUCATION
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- 22. Emergence of AlternativeLicenses
- 23. Creative Commons: FacilitatingSharinghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P3rksT1q4eg
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- 29. Faculty Organized700Math & Physics Professors: “Stop unnecessary new editons”
- 30. 23-Campus Calstate Senatepassed voluntary adoption guidelines
- 31. UCLA Math departmentnegotiated a 25% price cut with ThomsonOpen Textbooks StatementAs faculty members, we affirm that it is our prerogative and responsibility to select course materials that are pedagogically most appropriate for our classes. We also affirm that it is consistent with this principle to seek affordable course materials for our classes whenever possible. This includes open textbooks, which are textbooks offered online to students at no cost.Open textbooks and other open educational resources present an affordable, comparable and flexible alternative to commercial course materials. Therefore, we the undersigned declare our intent to:Seek and consider open textbooks and other open educational resources when choosing course materials.
- 32. Give preference toa low or no cost educational resource such as an open textbook over an expensive textbook if it best fits the needs of a class.
- 33. Encourage institutions todevelop support for the use of open textbooks and other open educational resources.2,500+Instructors & Professorswww.maketextbooksaffordable.org/statement
- 34. Why would anyoneprovide free content?Knowledge should be freeEducation is a basic human rightEducation should have barriers removedEducation should be customized & localized
- 36. Maybe You are…INSPIRED:Interestedin using Open Educational Resources in your classes?Already using or developing OER?SKEPTICAL:Concerned about the quality of existing resources, or applicability to your classroom?Doubtful that you now have the time and skills needed to develop or adapt open content materials?Concerned about giving away intellectual property?Doubtful about an efficient transition to OER?
- 37. Sustainable ModelRevenue streamsmust extend beyond start-upInfrastructure must have continual upgradeContent must have continual upgradePlan for Staff developmentMeasurable & proven effectivenessMarket and measure the benefits to studentsMarket and measure the benefits to developers and authorsEvaluation must be built-in
- 38. Seven Myths aboutOpenTextbooksOpen Textbooks and eBooks are the same.Creators never receive monetary compensation for open textbooks.All open textbooks are crowd-sourced, i.e., created by anonymous amateurs.Campus bookstores suffer from the use of open textbooks. (A fact; not a myth but we are working to change this.)Derivatives damage the author’s reputation.Open textbooks are low quality or out-of-date with expired copyrights.Publishers are enemies of open textbooks.9/18/201036
- 39. PublisherTextbooks are boughtand sold several times, but the publisher only profits on the first saleBookstoreused booksStudentsProblem:Evolved Model that hurt publishers
- 40. Open Textbooks: ASolutionPublisherStudentProfessorPMake the market more student-centric, without undermining faculty—give instructors more say tooOpen Textbooks
- 41. Open Textbooks: ASolutionPublisherThe normal supply chain is restored & publishers gain the opportunity to sell directly to studentsBookstoreStudentsPOpen TextbooksRework publishing models to be more efficient and sustainable
- 42. No textbook fitexactlyAll or nothingStudent complaints about high pricesMore complaints if only a few chapters were used Louder complaints if they had to find their own supplemental materialsUncertainty aboutwhat’s fair and legal to use 9/18/201040Instructor’s Dilemmaswith Traditional Textbooks and Supplemental materials
- 43. Instructors need QUALITYMostimportant issueAccurate contentInviting presentationMeet needs and expectationsPeer reviewed / vettedCurrentAdhere to professional standardsAccessible, localizedRequires constant evaluation
- 44. Redefine the modeland the “text.”
- 45. Formats go beyondtraditional textbooks:Accessible free online by the publicDownloadable, typically as a PDFAvailable in print
- 46. Modifiable by theinstructorDigital, ModularAdaptableLow cost to the studentsUsually free for those with computers and internet accessPrintable for free or a small fee (costs for ink and paper)Sometimes available in bound copies for $10-$40Labeled for reuse by MrKCoolsPhotostream9/18/201044An open textbook is…
- 47. What makes atextbook open?SOME rights reserved vs. ALL rights reserved
- 48. Open licenses legallygrant the right to:Make copies and change formatsDistribute copiesCreate customized versionsRemix(AS LONG AS ATTRIBUTIONIS MADE)
- 49. Content is liketraditional textbooks:Table of contents, chapters, indexWritten by expert authorEdited and reviewed
- 50. Open Textbooks –new editions on your own terms76%of facultysay new editions are justified half the time or less.
- 51. Open Textbooks BenefitsForinstructors:All students have access to the textNew editions are optionalAbility to customizeCorrections are immediate
- 52. Open Textbooks –type of format on your own terms75%Print25%DigitalStudents show a strong preference for print as their primary format.
- 53. Open Textbooks BenefitsForstudents:Students choose their preferred format (print, PDF, online, etc.)Online access is free, other formats are optional and fairly priced
- 54. Open Textbooks BenefitsForcolleges:Greater access to education for more studentsSave moneyTextbooks customized to a specific population
- 55. Open Textbooks BenefitsForpublishers:Digital and print-on-demand distribution is more efficient
- 56. Circumvents two majorchallenges:
- 57. Used book deathspiral no longer a threat
- 58. Piracy isn’t anissue – books are affordable or free!Federal LegislationCompetitive grant program
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- 61. Must have planfor marketing
- 62. $15,000,000 per year!!!Governmentfunding:A new bill introduced by Sen. Durbin (D-IL) would create a federal grant program to create open textbooks through the NSF The WA community college system received state and private (Gates Foundation) funding to create open curriculum & texts for the 80 highest enrollment courses.
- 63. Open Textbook ModelsAFirst Course in Linear AlgebraBy Robert A. Beezerhttp://linear.ups.eduIndividual authors:Personally motivatedSabbatical time/grant fundingCount open textbooks toward tenure?Motivated by fame, if not fortune?PDF: FREEOnline: FREEPrint: $27.95
- 64. Institutionalprojects:A consortium of nearly 100 community colleges is pooling resources to write and review textsRice University founded CNX.org, a platform that hosts numerous open textbooksHewlett & Maxfield Foundations funded the creation of a new open textbook projectsCollaborative StatisticsBy B. Illowsky & S. Deancnx.org/content/col10522
- 65. Two Community CollegeOrganizationsCommunity College Consortium for Open Educational Resources (CCCOER) :Over 97 colleges join to give 2-year schools a big voice in open textbooks and moreCommunity College Open Textbooks Collaborative (CCOTC) : A group of 12 organizations (FHDA, FDLC, CNX and more) funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation to increase the demand and supply of open textbooksTake a look at the websites….9/18/201058
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- 67. Goals of CCCOER Theprimary goal of the Community College Consortium for Open Educational Resources is to identify, create and/or repurpose existing OER as Open Textbooks and make them available for use by community college students and faculty. We seek the support of faculty to identify, review, evaluate, and make available high quality, accessible and culturally relevant model Open Textbooks.The Open Educational Resources (OER) movement encourages the creation of free, high-quality content for community college courses to replace commonly used textbooks. By promoting OER, community colleges can create sustainable academic resources for students and provide professional development opportunities for faculty. A wealth of public domain and fair use learning materials are currently available via the internet that faculty can repurpose for use in their classes to replace some of the books required for purchase by students.
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- 69. CCOTC GoalTo adoptat least 10 open textbooks suitable for use in courses that meet community college General Education requirements by faculty in at least 40 community colleges, representing at least 5 states, within 2 years, (by June 2011).9/18/201062
- 71. Open Textbook “Repositories”Onlythe top quality books
- 72. Like a publishersite, only better
- 73. Reviews written byexperts
- 74. Watch for newbooks
- 75. Information on using+ adoptingOpen Textbook ModelsOrganizational BehaviorBy T. Bauer & B. Erdoganflatworldknowledge.comPublishers – for profit:The first publisher of open textbooks was Flat World Knowledge. They launched their first titles in spring 2009, and now are adopted at more than 400 schools, including: Calstate-LA, Penn State, University of Illinois, University of Massachusetts, and University of Texas at ArlingtonOnline: FREEPDF: $24.99Print: $29.99
- 76. FirstOpen Textbook publisher
- 77. 11books in spring 2009
- 78. Usedat over 400 schools.The FWK business model:Develop textbooks traditionally (peer review, editors, author royalties etc.)Give instructors the option to customizeOffer textbooks free online to all studentsMake money by selling print copies, study guides, etc. that are attractive to students
- 79. Peer Reviewed TopAuthorsThe Flatworld ModelGet AdoptionsMake MoneyGrow ValueOpen TextbooksSocial LearningAffordable ChoicesProfessionally DevelopedFully Supported
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- 82. Free OpenAlternate FormatsSoftcover PrintThe Flatworld ModelGet AdoptionsMake MoneyGrow ValueOpen TextbooksSocial LearningAffordable ChoicesTop AuthorsAudioSelf-PrintAuthorsKindle/Sony (coming)
- 83. Efficient Study AidsFree OpenAudio Study GuidesOnline Practice QuizzesDigital FlashcardsThe Flatworld ModelGet AdoptionsMake MoneyGrow ValueOpen TextbooksSocial LearningAffordable ChoicesTop AuthorsAlternate FormatsAuthors
- 84. CollaborationFree OpenThe Flatworld ModelGet AdoptionsMake MoneyGrow ValueOpen TextbooksSocial LearningAffordable ChoicesTop AuthorsAlternate FormatsEfficient Study AidsAuthors
- 87. Why use OERand Open Textbooks?Reduce the costs of education to learnersMake education globally accessible Collaborate, share and partner to use and provide open contentRecognize creators and authorsIncrease quality while localizing contentImprove our competitive edgeAvoid duplication of effortChange a culture
- 88. Open Textbooks BenefitsCustomizeto suit YOUR needs and your studentsModular – use only the chapters YOU wantAdapt to learning styles, cultures, geographies, and moreSave paper, toner, and weightCollaborative - feedback from teachers and students to the creators (authors, illustrators, publishers, editors, technologists, etc.)Dynamic - Global textbook improvementSaves money Free for those with computers or readers and Internet accessLow cost for printed and boundEven classes without open textbooks benefit because students can afford to take more classesPhoto by Fragmented CC licensed 20089/18/20107777
- 89. Introduction to EconomicAnalysisR. Preston McAfee, CaltechISBN: 160049000XUsed at:Harvard, NYU, Cal Poly, UC-Santa Barbara, Caltech, Oregon State, Claremont McKenna….www.introecon.comOnline: FreePDF/Word: FreeHard copy: $11.10
- 90. How to SelectOpen TextbooksRead the peer reviews; talk to other adopters Compare your selections on quality, fit, interoperability, accessibility, printability, cost for printing, cost for bound copiesSelect the best fit & remember: you can make it fit better!For reuse by sp3ccylad's photostream 9/18/20107979
- 91. Discover, but notthis way Results 1 - 10 of about 130,000,000 for chemistry9/18/20108080
- 92. Discover open textbooksthis way…9/18/201081
- 93.
- 94. Collaborative StatisticsBy BarbaraIllowsky and Susan Deancnx.org/content/col10522
- 95. Download PDF orprintRead online versionPurchase printed copy
- 96. Purchasing a hardcopy through print on demand publisher QOOPInside an Open Textbook
- 97. Key term linksto definitionClick here to print outNavigate table of contents
- 98. Start here withthe peer reviews..Full review available with comments and ratings for each chapter9/18/201087
- 102. What Our InstitutionCan DoColleges can offer support to faculty interested in adopting or writing open textbooks.
- 103. Instructors can seek& consider open textbooks, and use other cost reducing practices.
- 104. What else canInstructors do?Start small by identifying usable content already available in the library or in an OER projectDevelop collaborative relationships within and external to the institutionCommunicate with students, administration, colleaguesAdvocate for faculty development opportunitiesSign the statement of intentWrite a textbook review (some $ available)Spread the wordLearn, explore
- 105. 9/18/201094Steps to Adoptan Open TextbookDiscover SelectAdopt UseSan Miguel stairs creative commons licensed by larry&flo 200794
- 106. How you canUse the Open TextbookUse for reading and homework onlyUse in classroomvia laptopsLinkin Learning Management SystemRemediationLifelong learning9/18/20109595
- 107. Adopt and UsePlanthe classChoose the parts of the textbook that fitAdd other open resourcesAnnounce to the stakeholders – See next slideLabeled for reuse by wockerjabby's photostream9/18/20109696
- 108. The Downside…Can requireorganized, coordinated effortBooks need reviewersThere are not yet enough open textsPossible hidden infrastructure costs
- 109. StakeholdersCurriculum Committee, Department,Dean or other group that approves textbook adoptionsRestrictions on computer/internet access requirementsColleaguesCollege Bookstore College LibraryMedia centerPrint ShopTeaching assistantsStudents well in advanceCounselors & DSS 9/18/20109898
Editor's Notes
- #4 I believe it is best to start with a definition of Open educational resources Open educational resources ( or OER) are educational materials (usually in digital form) that are shared freely and openly for anyone to use and under some type of license to re-purpose/ improve and redistributeThe term OER was coined at a UNESCO forum in 2002. Other terms often used include open content, open educational content, open courseware, and open teaching.
- #6 Political/Social – students began organizing in 2003
- #7 Why? Because of the cost associated with textbooks – costs on top of tuition.
- #8 In fact, prices for books are rising at double the rate of inflation!
- #9 Students felt they had no say in the matter.The professor dictated the choice of text.The publisher dictated the costs and format.
- #10 The government got involved and passed legislation this year, requiring price disclosure lasw.
- #11 The change in philosophy is a huge influence:The Open Source Software movement had led the way in showcasing the value of collaboration, openness and the power in an ‘architecture of participation’ (O’Reilly 2003) It implies a free market of ideas, in which anyone can put forward a proposed solution to a problem; have it adopted, if at all, by acclamation and the organic spread of its usefulness. OS software offers important lessons to the OER movement. It shows that anyone can contribute to a particular project and do so constructively, however small the contribution may be. (Guedon, 2009) Some software projects will fail, but a failed project is never wasted because the result remains accessible and can be reused freely by another project. OER is based on the philosophical view of ‘knowledge as a collective social product which should become social property ‘(Prasad & Ambedkar cited in Downes 2007:1)
- #13 The Open Yale project above now includes 25 courses from a broad range of introductory subjects.This of course does NOT mean that you can get a qualification from Yale by viewing their OER– these are merely the teaching resources, not the complete educational experience + qualification that Yale offers.However, some of the sites offer instructors at other institutions to use them to teach classes for credit on their own campuses!
- #14 Across the globe a distance university, the Open University in the UK took a similar view and started making many of their courses available free of charge. What makes this so remarkable is that the business of the OU is in their materials. Moreover, they took a further step and actively encouraged independent learners from all over the world to edit the materials in the LabSpace and collaborate with others in publishing new versions of the learning materials to share with the world.
- #15 Now, in order to find the growing number of OER more easily a number of OER specific search sites have emerged including the OER Commons which aggregates course material from all of the institutions. This allows you to search across subjects and media types to find the best or most suitable material Sometimes, an instructor can use a course from another institution at his or her own school.OER commons also makes it easy to compare and combine resources from leading institutions
- #16 We also see specialized search engines emerging which showcase certain types of content. Academic Earth aggregates academic videos from various institutions around the globe and allows viewers to pick their favourite lectures and speakers.
- #30 Professors and instructors also organized.
- #31 And created this “Open Textbook” pledge.
- #32 Now there are over 2500 Signers
- #36 All these issues are concerns. It can’t be just another bandwagon to jump on.But again, the momentum is increasing.I don’t know where OER or Open Textbooks are going, but I’m fairly certain that they *AREN’T* going away.There is an explosion happening. You have the opportunity to get involved early. To start discovering, researching and possibly planning for a future that may be inevitable.
- #39 Traditional publishers, if they are paying attention and remain flexible, stand to gain.And, new publishers have emerged (we will see in a minute) whose foundations are built on open models.
- #43 Western gave a workshop at their “Future of Text” conference last Spring that presented the research of the Kindle Project, conducted on the campuses of Reed and University of Washington.
- #55 So, how is this “revolution” going to come about? Where are all these new textbooks going to come from?Part of the Social/Political forces involve legislation and funding from grants.
- #57 Some authors are launching on their own.
- #58 Where will the textbooks come from?
- #64 Washington SBCTC received funding from the Gates Foundation to develop OER for an Open Course Library. The first grants were announced in the spring for a select group of high-enrollment classes.
- #65 The previous slide was an example of what will become a repository for our system.
- #89 David Lippman, Instructor at Pierce Community College in Washington State, has his own website for his Math 107 text, Math in Society.
- #90 David’s book on the searchable MERLOT website.
- #91 David’s page on LuLu for printing a bound copy of his book.