The document provides information on engineering drawing fundamentals. It discusses orthographic projections which use multiple views to depict a three dimensional object in two dimensions. It also covers pictorial drawings including isometric, oblique, and perspective projections which depict an object in a single view. Finally, it discusses the different types of lines used in engineering drawings to represent features and provide additional information.
The document discusses different types of engineering drawings and projections used in engineering communication. It covers orthographic projections, which use multi-view 2D drawings to represent 3D objects. It also discusses pictorial projections like isometric, oblique, and perspective projections which use a single-view representation. The document outlines the different types of lines used in engineering drawings like visible, hidden, center lines. It provides examples of isometric, oblique and perspective projections and their applications in engineering drawings.
This document outlines the syllabus for the Engineering Drawing 1 course at Pokhara University Faculty of Science & Technology. The course objectives are to develop sketching, lettering, drafting skills, and the ability to draw projections, geometric figures, and machine part assemblies. The course content includes instrumental drawing techniques, lettering, dimensioning, applied geometry, theory of projection drawing, multi-view drawings, sectional views, auxiliary views, development and intersections, and machine drawings. Students will complete laboratory work practicing these drawing techniques.
This document provides an introduction to different types of technical drawings including orthographic projection views, sectional views, auxiliary views, and isometric drawings. It discusses topics such as dimensioning of radii, holes, countersinks, counterbores, and spot faces. Examples are provided for various types of projection views and isometric drawings. Exercises are included at the end to apply the concepts learned.
Lecture 3 A Isometric And Orthographic Sketching 2009nttf
The document discusses isometric and orthographic sketching techniques used in engineering design. It compares engineering drawings to sketches and explains that sketches are used in early conceptual design while drawings are for final production. Various methods for sketching objects in isometric and orthographic views are presented, including unfolding 3D objects, transferring between views using construction lines, and ordering of drawing different object surfaces. Students are assigned to practice these techniques by sketching a cell phone in isometric and orthographic views.
The document discusses engineering drawing tools and techniques. It provides details on traditional drawing tools like T-squares, triangles, pencils in different grades, templates, and erasers. It also covers topics like freehand sketching, geometric constructions for circles and arcs, line types, lettering, orthographic projections, and drawing standards. Orthographic projections produce multi-view or axonometric drawings to accurately depict an object's shape and size from different angles according to established technical drawing conventions and standards.
The document provides information on traditional engineering drawing tools and techniques. It discusses various drawing tools used for drafting like T-squares, triangles, pencils, erasers. It also explains different drawing techniques like freehand sketching, using instruments to draw lines, circles and curves. The document further describes orthographic projections, types of projections like multiview, axonometric drawings. It provides examples of different line types used in drawings along with standard practices and international standards for engineering drawings.
This document is an engineering drawing assignment submitted by Qamarul Arifin bin Haji Affandy. It contains an introduction to engineering drawings, orthographic projections including front, top and side views, and types of pictorial drawings including isometric, oblique and perspective projections. Engineering drawings are a key means of communication for engineers to develop and convey their design ideas to others. The assignment demonstrates Qamarul's understanding of fundamental engineering drawing techniques.
1- introduction Graphic and geometric graphics Engineering.Abo Talak Al-wayli
The document provides an overview of engineering drawing standards and techniques. It discusses orthographic projection methods, including multiview and axonometric drawings. It also describes traditional drawing tools, freehand sketching techniques, and the importance of following drawing standards to ensure drawings are understood consistently. The key aspects covered are projection methods, common drawing elements, tools, and basic sketching skills.
The document discusses different types of engineering drawings and projections used in engineering communication. It covers orthographic projections, which use multi-view 2D drawings to represent 3D objects. It also discusses pictorial projections like isometric, oblique, and perspective projections which use a single-view representation. The document outlines the different types of lines used in engineering drawings like visible, hidden, center lines. It provides examples of isometric, oblique and perspective projections and their applications in engineering drawings.
This document outlines the syllabus for the Engineering Drawing 1 course at Pokhara University Faculty of Science & Technology. The course objectives are to develop sketching, lettering, drafting skills, and the ability to draw projections, geometric figures, and machine part assemblies. The course content includes instrumental drawing techniques, lettering, dimensioning, applied geometry, theory of projection drawing, multi-view drawings, sectional views, auxiliary views, development and intersections, and machine drawings. Students will complete laboratory work practicing these drawing techniques.
This document provides an introduction to different types of technical drawings including orthographic projection views, sectional views, auxiliary views, and isometric drawings. It discusses topics such as dimensioning of radii, holes, countersinks, counterbores, and spot faces. Examples are provided for various types of projection views and isometric drawings. Exercises are included at the end to apply the concepts learned.
Lecture 3 A Isometric And Orthographic Sketching 2009nttf
The document discusses isometric and orthographic sketching techniques used in engineering design. It compares engineering drawings to sketches and explains that sketches are used in early conceptual design while drawings are for final production. Various methods for sketching objects in isometric and orthographic views are presented, including unfolding 3D objects, transferring between views using construction lines, and ordering of drawing different object surfaces. Students are assigned to practice these techniques by sketching a cell phone in isometric and orthographic views.
The document discusses engineering drawing tools and techniques. It provides details on traditional drawing tools like T-squares, triangles, pencils in different grades, templates, and erasers. It also covers topics like freehand sketching, geometric constructions for circles and arcs, line types, lettering, orthographic projections, and drawing standards. Orthographic projections produce multi-view or axonometric drawings to accurately depict an object's shape and size from different angles according to established technical drawing conventions and standards.
The document provides information on traditional engineering drawing tools and techniques. It discusses various drawing tools used for drafting like T-squares, triangles, pencils, erasers. It also explains different drawing techniques like freehand sketching, using instruments to draw lines, circles and curves. The document further describes orthographic projections, types of projections like multiview, axonometric drawings. It provides examples of different line types used in drawings along with standard practices and international standards for engineering drawings.
This document is an engineering drawing assignment submitted by Qamarul Arifin bin Haji Affandy. It contains an introduction to engineering drawings, orthographic projections including front, top and side views, and types of pictorial drawings including isometric, oblique and perspective projections. Engineering drawings are a key means of communication for engineers to develop and convey their design ideas to others. The assignment demonstrates Qamarul's understanding of fundamental engineering drawing techniques.
1- introduction Graphic and geometric graphics Engineering.Abo Talak Al-wayli
The document provides an overview of engineering drawing standards and techniques. It discusses orthographic projection methods, including multiview and axonometric drawings. It also describes traditional drawing tools, freehand sketching techniques, and the importance of following drawing standards to ensure drawings are understood consistently. The key aspects covered are projection methods, common drawing elements, tools, and basic sketching skills.
This document provides guidance on technical drawing specifications and conventions for VCE Visual Communication Design studies. It outlines different types of technical drawings including paraline drawings like isometric and planometric, perspective drawings, orthographic drawings, and architectural drawings. It describes key techniques for these different drawing types, such as how to draw ellipses and place views in orthographic drawings. The document is intended as a resource to support students in learning technical drawing skills and applying appropriate conventions.
Download link: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318852873_Engineering_Drawing_-_I
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.22512.56328
An engineering drawing is a type of technical drawing, used to fully and clearly define requirements for engineered items, and is usually created in accordance with standardized conventions for layout, nomenclature, interpretation, appearance size, etc.
Its purpose is to accurately and unambiguously capture all the geometric features of a product or a component. The end goal of an engineering drawing is to convey all the required information that will allow a manufacturer to produce that component.
Dimensioning, scales, lines and multiple projectionsAkash Patel
Fiction is a form of narrative, one of the four rhetorical modes of discourse. Fiction-writing also has modes for fiction-writing: action, exposition, description, dialogue, summary, and transition (Morrell 2006, p. 127). Author Peter Selgin refers to methods, including action, dialogue, thoughts, summary, scene, and description (Selgin 2007, p. 38). Currently, there is no consensus within the writing community regarding the number and composition of fiction-writing modes and their uses.
Description is the fiction-writing mode for transmitting a mental image of the particulars of a story. Together with dialogue, narration, exposition, and summarization, description is one of the most widely recognized of the fiction-writing modes. As stated in Writing from A to Z, edited by Kirk Polking, description is more than the amassing of details; it is bringing something to life by carefully choosing and arranging words and phrases to produce the desired effect (Polking 1990, p. 106). The most appropriate and effective techniques for presenting description are a matter of ongoing discussion among writers and writing coaches.Fiction is a form of narrative, one of the four rhetorical modes of discourse. Fiction-writing also has modes for fiction-writing: action, exposition, description, dialogue, summary, and transition (Morrell 2006, p. 127). Author Peter Selgin refers to methods, including action, dialogue, thoughts, summary, scene, and description (Selgin 2007, p. 38). Currently, there is no consensus within the writing community regarding the number and composition of fiction-writing modes and their uses.
Description is the fiction-writing mode for transmitting a mental image of the particulars of a story. Together with dialogue, narration, exposition, and summarization, description is one of the most widely recognized of the fiction-writing modes. As stated in Writing from A to Z, edited by Kirk Polking, description is more than the amassing of details; it is bringing something to life by carefully choosing and arranging words and phrases to produce the desired effect (Polking 1990, p. 106). The most appropriate and effective techniques for presenting description are a matter of ongoing discussion among writers and writing coaches.Fiction is a form of narrative, one of the four rhetorical modes of discourse. Fiction-writing also has modes for fiction-writing: action, exposition, description, dialogue, summary, and transition (Morrell 2006, p. 127). Author Peter Selgin refers to methods, including action, dialogue, thoughts, summary, scene, and description (Selgin 2007, p. 38). Currently, there is no consensus within the writing community regarding the number and composition of fiction-writing modes and their uses.
Description is the fiction-writing mode for transmitting a mental image of the particulars of a story. Together with dialogue, narration, exposition, and summarization, description is one of the most widely recognized of the fiction-w
Working with orthographic projections and basic isometricsSebastian Joseph
This document provides instructions for drawing objects using isometric and orthographic projections. It begins by explaining orthographic projections as a system for depicting three-dimensional objects from multiple views. It then discusses isometric projections, noting they use a 30-degree grid instead of vanishing points. The document proceeds to guide the reader through setting up an isometric grid in Illustrator and using it to draw a cube. It concludes by demonstrating how to incorporate orthographic views when drawing more complex shapes on the isometric grid.
Introduction to Engineering and Profession Ethics Lecture5-Engineering Drawin...Dr. Khaled Bakro
Engineering drawings are a graphical language used to communicate technical design information between engineers. There are different projection methods for engineering drawings, including orthographic projection and axonometric projection. Orthographic projection uses parallel lines of sight to produce multi-view drawings of an object from different angles, accurately showing dimensions and shape. Axonometric projection shows a 3D object from a skewed angle in a single view, making shape and size relationships easier to visualize but introducing distortions. Engineering drawings must follow specific standards and conventions to precisely convey all necessary details about an object's specifications and features.
Here are the key line types used in engineering drawings:
1. Visible lines represent edges or surfaces that can be seen.
2. Hidden lines indicate edges that are hidden from view.
3. Center lines mark centers of holes, circles, or axes of symmetry.
4. Dimension lines note the distance between two points.
5. Extension lines extend from the dimension point(s) to the feature.
6. Leaders point to features being dimensioned.
7. Cutting-plane lines indicate where a cross-section is taken.
8. Break lines show only part of an object is drawn for clarity.
This document provides an overview of engineering drawing standards and concepts. It discusses drawing sheets, scales, lettering, and line types. Drawing standards are sets of rules that govern technical drawings to ensure consistency. Common international standards include ISO, ANSI, JIS, BS, and AS. Key elements covered include appropriate sheet sizes, title blocks, scale designation, text styles, stroke sequences, word spacing, and basic line types. Engineering drawings use defined graphics and text to precisely depict an object's shape, size, and specifications.
Orthographic projections provide 2D views of an object that together accurately represent it. Common views are the front, top, and side. Objects are imagined inside a glass box and each view is a projection of one side unfolded. Dimensions are drawn with thin continuous lines and specify measurements to manufacture the object. Drawings also include title blocks with identifying information like the title, author, date, and scale.
This document provides an introduction to engineering drawing. It outlines the objectives of learning engineering drawing such as understanding basic concepts, necessary equipment, lines, dimensions, orthographic views, sectional views, and auxiliary views. It defines engineering drawing as using geometric shapes, lines and dimensions to convey design and manufacturing information for machines, structures or systems. The key equipment used for engineering drawing are listed. Orthographic, sectional and auxiliary views are described as the main types of graphical projections used. Sectional views show interior details, auxiliary views show features not parallel to common planes, and orthographic views use front, top and side views.
This document discusses engineering drawings and orthographic projections. It explains that engineering drawings specify the precise size and shape of parts through dimensions and tolerances, rather than illustrating objects. Orthographic projections show objects from multiple views, like the front, side, and top, to accurately depict the object's geometry. These views are drawn looking straight on to each face of the object so dimensions are not distorted, unlike perspective projections. The document provides an example of an L-shape depicted through an orthographic first angle projection, with views from the front, side, and top.
Drawing standards are sets of rules that govern how technical drawings are represented to ensure consistency. Standards organizations like ANSI and ISO establish standardized drawing practices for dimensioning, line types, lettering and other elements. Dimensioning involves specifying the size and location of features using extension lines, leaders and other guidelines. Placement of dimensions should clearly define features without cluttering the drawing.
The document describes various techniques for technical drawing, including copying segments and angles, bisecting segments and angles, and different types of projection. It discusses orthographic projection, which uses parallel lines of sight perpendicular to the projection plane. Orthographic projection can be used to create multiview drawings showing objects in two dimensions from different angles or axonometric drawings showing three dimensions in a single view. The document also covers topics like drawing standards, scales, line types including visible, hidden and center lines, and their conventions.
This document provides an overview of engineering drawing and its importance. It discusses that engineering drawing is used to communicate technical information through visualization, graphics theory, standards, conventions and tools. It highlights that engineering drawing is essential for all engineering disciplines as it provides the roadmaps for manufacturing products and structures. The document also explains some basics of engineering drawing like different types of lines, geometric shapes, dimensioning, projection methods, and standards and conventions used. It emphasizes that understanding the basics is important for any subject, including engineering drawing.
This document provides information about mechanical engineering drawing including:
1. It outlines the syllabus for the ME 1200 Mechanical Engineering Drawing course which covers topics like orthographic projection, oblique projection, isometric projection, and descriptive geometry.
2. It describes the purpose and types of technical drawings including pictorial drawings, orthographic drawings, and dimensioning drawings. Common drawing elements like lines, dimensions, and notes are explained.
3. Guidelines are provided for reading drawings including understanding different line types, placement of views, and handling drawings properly. Instrument requirements are also listed.
This document provides information about engineering graphics including drawing instruments, lines, scales, title blocks and sheets. It discusses the various drawing instruments used like the drawing board, mini-drafter, set squares, templates, scales and pencils. It explains the different types of lines used in engineering drawings like visible outlines, dimension lines, extension lines, construction lines, hatching lines, guide lines and hidden lines. It also provides details about scales, title blocks and standard drawing sheet sizes used for engineering drawings.
Basic introduction to Engineering DrawingTariku Dessie
This document is an introduction to basic engineering drawing presented by Tariku D. at Debre Berhan University. It discusses the classification of drawings as either artistic or engineering drawings. Engineering drawings are further divided into freehand sketches, instrument drawings, and computer-aided drawings. The document also covers drawing scales, instruments such as T-squares and protractors, line types including visible, hidden and center lines, and other basics of engineering drawing.
This document discusses the key concepts for chapter two of a technical drawing textbook, including:
1. The six types of technical drawings are identified based on the projection system used: perspective projection and parallel projection.
2. The different line patterns used in technical drawings are described, as well as how they are used.
3. The standard drawing media, sheet sizes, scales, measurement systems, lettering styles, and title blocks that form the basis of technical drawings are explained.
This document provides an overview of engineering drawing concepts and introduces the AutoCAD software. It describes the objectives, equipment, and types of lines used in engineering drawings. It also explains different drawing scales, dimensioning techniques, projection methods including orthographic and isometric projections. The document introduces key AutoCAD interface elements and provides step-by-step instructions for common drawing, editing, and plotting commands in AutoCAD.
This document provides an overview of engineering drawing concepts and introduces the AutoCAD software. It describes the objectives, equipment, and types of lines used in engineering drawings. It also explains different drawing scales, dimensioning techniques, projection methods including orthographic and isometric projections. The document introduces key AutoCAD interface elements and demonstrates how to create basic shapes and perform common editing commands. It provides step-by-step instructions for printing or plotting completed drawings.
The document describes various techniques for technical drawing, including copying segments and angles, bisecting segments and angles, and different types of projection. It discusses orthographic projection, which uses parallel lines of sight perpendicular to the projection plane to represent 3D objects in 2D views. Multiview projection shows the object through multiple views, while axonometric projection shows three dimensions in a single view, though with some distortion of angles and sizes. Hidden and center lines are also covered.
Engineering drawings are technical drawings used to define requirements for engineered items. They contain various views, dimensions, and details. There are different types of engineering drawings for different fields like machine drawings, structural drawings, and electrical drawings. Engineering drawings are based on geometric drawings and are important for communicating design ideas, analyzing designs, stimulating further design, and supporting manufacturing. They contain various elements like lines, scales, dimensions, projections, and symbols to convey important information about an engineering design.
This document provides guidance on technical drawing specifications and conventions for VCE Visual Communication Design studies. It outlines different types of technical drawings including paraline drawings like isometric and planometric, perspective drawings, orthographic drawings, and architectural drawings. It describes key techniques for these different drawing types, such as how to draw ellipses and place views in orthographic drawings. The document is intended as a resource to support students in learning technical drawing skills and applying appropriate conventions.
Download link: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318852873_Engineering_Drawing_-_I
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.22512.56328
An engineering drawing is a type of technical drawing, used to fully and clearly define requirements for engineered items, and is usually created in accordance with standardized conventions for layout, nomenclature, interpretation, appearance size, etc.
Its purpose is to accurately and unambiguously capture all the geometric features of a product or a component. The end goal of an engineering drawing is to convey all the required information that will allow a manufacturer to produce that component.
Dimensioning, scales, lines and multiple projectionsAkash Patel
Fiction is a form of narrative, one of the four rhetorical modes of discourse. Fiction-writing also has modes for fiction-writing: action, exposition, description, dialogue, summary, and transition (Morrell 2006, p. 127). Author Peter Selgin refers to methods, including action, dialogue, thoughts, summary, scene, and description (Selgin 2007, p. 38). Currently, there is no consensus within the writing community regarding the number and composition of fiction-writing modes and their uses.
Description is the fiction-writing mode for transmitting a mental image of the particulars of a story. Together with dialogue, narration, exposition, and summarization, description is one of the most widely recognized of the fiction-writing modes. As stated in Writing from A to Z, edited by Kirk Polking, description is more than the amassing of details; it is bringing something to life by carefully choosing and arranging words and phrases to produce the desired effect (Polking 1990, p. 106). The most appropriate and effective techniques for presenting description are a matter of ongoing discussion among writers and writing coaches.Fiction is a form of narrative, one of the four rhetorical modes of discourse. Fiction-writing also has modes for fiction-writing: action, exposition, description, dialogue, summary, and transition (Morrell 2006, p. 127). Author Peter Selgin refers to methods, including action, dialogue, thoughts, summary, scene, and description (Selgin 2007, p. 38). Currently, there is no consensus within the writing community regarding the number and composition of fiction-writing modes and their uses.
Description is the fiction-writing mode for transmitting a mental image of the particulars of a story. Together with dialogue, narration, exposition, and summarization, description is one of the most widely recognized of the fiction-writing modes. As stated in Writing from A to Z, edited by Kirk Polking, description is more than the amassing of details; it is bringing something to life by carefully choosing and arranging words and phrases to produce the desired effect (Polking 1990, p. 106). The most appropriate and effective techniques for presenting description are a matter of ongoing discussion among writers and writing coaches.Fiction is a form of narrative, one of the four rhetorical modes of discourse. Fiction-writing also has modes for fiction-writing: action, exposition, description, dialogue, summary, and transition (Morrell 2006, p. 127). Author Peter Selgin refers to methods, including action, dialogue, thoughts, summary, scene, and description (Selgin 2007, p. 38). Currently, there is no consensus within the writing community regarding the number and composition of fiction-writing modes and their uses.
Description is the fiction-writing mode for transmitting a mental image of the particulars of a story. Together with dialogue, narration, exposition, and summarization, description is one of the most widely recognized of the fiction-w
Working with orthographic projections and basic isometricsSebastian Joseph
This document provides instructions for drawing objects using isometric and orthographic projections. It begins by explaining orthographic projections as a system for depicting three-dimensional objects from multiple views. It then discusses isometric projections, noting they use a 30-degree grid instead of vanishing points. The document proceeds to guide the reader through setting up an isometric grid in Illustrator and using it to draw a cube. It concludes by demonstrating how to incorporate orthographic views when drawing more complex shapes on the isometric grid.
Introduction to Engineering and Profession Ethics Lecture5-Engineering Drawin...Dr. Khaled Bakro
Engineering drawings are a graphical language used to communicate technical design information between engineers. There are different projection methods for engineering drawings, including orthographic projection and axonometric projection. Orthographic projection uses parallel lines of sight to produce multi-view drawings of an object from different angles, accurately showing dimensions and shape. Axonometric projection shows a 3D object from a skewed angle in a single view, making shape and size relationships easier to visualize but introducing distortions. Engineering drawings must follow specific standards and conventions to precisely convey all necessary details about an object's specifications and features.
Here are the key line types used in engineering drawings:
1. Visible lines represent edges or surfaces that can be seen.
2. Hidden lines indicate edges that are hidden from view.
3. Center lines mark centers of holes, circles, or axes of symmetry.
4. Dimension lines note the distance between two points.
5. Extension lines extend from the dimension point(s) to the feature.
6. Leaders point to features being dimensioned.
7. Cutting-plane lines indicate where a cross-section is taken.
8. Break lines show only part of an object is drawn for clarity.
This document provides an overview of engineering drawing standards and concepts. It discusses drawing sheets, scales, lettering, and line types. Drawing standards are sets of rules that govern technical drawings to ensure consistency. Common international standards include ISO, ANSI, JIS, BS, and AS. Key elements covered include appropriate sheet sizes, title blocks, scale designation, text styles, stroke sequences, word spacing, and basic line types. Engineering drawings use defined graphics and text to precisely depict an object's shape, size, and specifications.
Orthographic projections provide 2D views of an object that together accurately represent it. Common views are the front, top, and side. Objects are imagined inside a glass box and each view is a projection of one side unfolded. Dimensions are drawn with thin continuous lines and specify measurements to manufacture the object. Drawings also include title blocks with identifying information like the title, author, date, and scale.
This document provides an introduction to engineering drawing. It outlines the objectives of learning engineering drawing such as understanding basic concepts, necessary equipment, lines, dimensions, orthographic views, sectional views, and auxiliary views. It defines engineering drawing as using geometric shapes, lines and dimensions to convey design and manufacturing information for machines, structures or systems. The key equipment used for engineering drawing are listed. Orthographic, sectional and auxiliary views are described as the main types of graphical projections used. Sectional views show interior details, auxiliary views show features not parallel to common planes, and orthographic views use front, top and side views.
This document discusses engineering drawings and orthographic projections. It explains that engineering drawings specify the precise size and shape of parts through dimensions and tolerances, rather than illustrating objects. Orthographic projections show objects from multiple views, like the front, side, and top, to accurately depict the object's geometry. These views are drawn looking straight on to each face of the object so dimensions are not distorted, unlike perspective projections. The document provides an example of an L-shape depicted through an orthographic first angle projection, with views from the front, side, and top.
Drawing standards are sets of rules that govern how technical drawings are represented to ensure consistency. Standards organizations like ANSI and ISO establish standardized drawing practices for dimensioning, line types, lettering and other elements. Dimensioning involves specifying the size and location of features using extension lines, leaders and other guidelines. Placement of dimensions should clearly define features without cluttering the drawing.
The document describes various techniques for technical drawing, including copying segments and angles, bisecting segments and angles, and different types of projection. It discusses orthographic projection, which uses parallel lines of sight perpendicular to the projection plane. Orthographic projection can be used to create multiview drawings showing objects in two dimensions from different angles or axonometric drawings showing three dimensions in a single view. The document also covers topics like drawing standards, scales, line types including visible, hidden and center lines, and their conventions.
This document provides an overview of engineering drawing and its importance. It discusses that engineering drawing is used to communicate technical information through visualization, graphics theory, standards, conventions and tools. It highlights that engineering drawing is essential for all engineering disciplines as it provides the roadmaps for manufacturing products and structures. The document also explains some basics of engineering drawing like different types of lines, geometric shapes, dimensioning, projection methods, and standards and conventions used. It emphasizes that understanding the basics is important for any subject, including engineering drawing.
This document provides information about mechanical engineering drawing including:
1. It outlines the syllabus for the ME 1200 Mechanical Engineering Drawing course which covers topics like orthographic projection, oblique projection, isometric projection, and descriptive geometry.
2. It describes the purpose and types of technical drawings including pictorial drawings, orthographic drawings, and dimensioning drawings. Common drawing elements like lines, dimensions, and notes are explained.
3. Guidelines are provided for reading drawings including understanding different line types, placement of views, and handling drawings properly. Instrument requirements are also listed.
This document provides information about engineering graphics including drawing instruments, lines, scales, title blocks and sheets. It discusses the various drawing instruments used like the drawing board, mini-drafter, set squares, templates, scales and pencils. It explains the different types of lines used in engineering drawings like visible outlines, dimension lines, extension lines, construction lines, hatching lines, guide lines and hidden lines. It also provides details about scales, title blocks and standard drawing sheet sizes used for engineering drawings.
Basic introduction to Engineering DrawingTariku Dessie
This document is an introduction to basic engineering drawing presented by Tariku D. at Debre Berhan University. It discusses the classification of drawings as either artistic or engineering drawings. Engineering drawings are further divided into freehand sketches, instrument drawings, and computer-aided drawings. The document also covers drawing scales, instruments such as T-squares and protractors, line types including visible, hidden and center lines, and other basics of engineering drawing.
This document discusses the key concepts for chapter two of a technical drawing textbook, including:
1. The six types of technical drawings are identified based on the projection system used: perspective projection and parallel projection.
2. The different line patterns used in technical drawings are described, as well as how they are used.
3. The standard drawing media, sheet sizes, scales, measurement systems, lettering styles, and title blocks that form the basis of technical drawings are explained.
This document provides an overview of engineering drawing concepts and introduces the AutoCAD software. It describes the objectives, equipment, and types of lines used in engineering drawings. It also explains different drawing scales, dimensioning techniques, projection methods including orthographic and isometric projections. The document introduces key AutoCAD interface elements and provides step-by-step instructions for common drawing, editing, and plotting commands in AutoCAD.
This document provides an overview of engineering drawing concepts and introduces the AutoCAD software. It describes the objectives, equipment, and types of lines used in engineering drawings. It also explains different drawing scales, dimensioning techniques, projection methods including orthographic and isometric projections. The document introduces key AutoCAD interface elements and demonstrates how to create basic shapes and perform common editing commands. It provides step-by-step instructions for printing or plotting completed drawings.
The document describes various techniques for technical drawing, including copying segments and angles, bisecting segments and angles, and different types of projection. It discusses orthographic projection, which uses parallel lines of sight perpendicular to the projection plane to represent 3D objects in 2D views. Multiview projection shows the object through multiple views, while axonometric projection shows three dimensions in a single view, though with some distortion of angles and sizes. Hidden and center lines are also covered.
Engineering drawings are technical drawings used to define requirements for engineered items. They contain various views, dimensions, and details. There are different types of engineering drawings for different fields like machine drawings, structural drawings, and electrical drawings. Engineering drawings are based on geometric drawings and are important for communicating design ideas, analyzing designs, stimulating further design, and supporting manufacturing. They contain various elements like lines, scales, dimensions, projections, and symbols to convey important information about an engineering design.
Engineering drawings are a graphical language used to communicate technical design information between engineers. There are different projection methods for engineering drawings, including orthographic projection and axonometric projection. Orthographic projection uses parallel lines of sight to produce accurate multi-view drawings that show the true shape and size of an object through multiple two-dimensional views. Axonometric projection shows an object's three dimensions in a single view, making it easier to understand but introducing distortions from the true shape and size. Understanding engineering graphics and different projection methods is essential for effective technical communication.
This document provides an overview of engineering drawing topics including:
1. Orthographic views show objects from different angles including top, front, side, and section views.
2. Pictorial views like isometric drawings show a 3D appearance but distort some dimensions.
3. Dimensioning and tolerancing provide critical size and shape specifications.
4. Traditional tools like T-squares, compasses, and templates were used to manually create accurate drawings, while modern software allows computer-generated drawings.
5. Standards ensure consistency in layout, line types, lettering and other elements so drawings are clear to all readers.
The document discusses the objectives, outcomes, syllabus, and references for the Engineering Graphics course 20MEGO1. The objectives are to impart knowledge of engineering drawings and enable communication through graphical representations. The outcomes include the ability to interpret and construct geometric entities, orthographic projections, and develop surfaces of solids. The syllabus covers topics like curve constructions, orthographic projections, sectioning of solids, isometric and perspective projections. References provided are engineering drawing textbooks.
Projection is an image or view of an object. Projectors are lines drawn from each point of the object perpendicular to the plane of projection. The plane of projection is where the image is drawn. There are two main methods of dimensioning - unidirectional where all dimensions are in one direction, and aligned where dimensions are perpendicular to the dimension line. Principal planes of projection are the horizontal, vertical, and profile planes which are perpendicular to each other. Sectional views are used to see internal invisible details of an object and include front right half in section, total front in section, and total top in section.
This document provides an overview of basic engineering drawing concepts and standards. It discusses orthographic projection including first and third angle projection. It describes sectioning, lines, abbreviations, dimensioning, and the conventional representation of common features such as threads, springs, and gears. Pictorial drawing methods including isometric and oblique drawings are also covered. The document aims to explain the essential terminology, techniques, and standards used for engineering drawings.
This document provides an overview of engineering drawing standards and techniques. It discusses topics such as orthographic projection, traditional drawing tools, lettering, freehand sketching, and drawing scales. Orthographic projection uses parallel lines of sight to accurately represent an object's shape and size through multiview or axonometric drawings. Engineering drawings adhere to established standards to ensure consistency. Traditional tools include T-squares, triangles, and compasses, while modern tools utilize computer software.
This document provides an overview of engineering drawing standards and fundamentals. It discusses various topics such as projection methods, orthographic projection, graphics language, traditional drawing tools, lettering, line types, scales, drawing sheets, and freehand sketching. The purpose of engineering drawings is to communicate design information through standardized graphic language and conventions according to international standards. Orthographic projection produces accurate multiview or axonometric drawings to represent an object's shape and size.
This document discusses different types of projections used in engineering drawings. It describes parallel projections where lines never intersect and perspective projections where lines converge at a point. The main types of projections discussed are:
- Orthographic projections where lines are perpendicular to the view plane. Multiview drawings use multiple orthographic projections.
- Axonometric projections including isometric, dimetric, and trimetric which rotate the object along axes.
- Oblique projections draw faces at arbitrary angles rather than 90 degrees. Specific types are cavalier and cabinet.
- Perspective projections make distant objects look smaller to provide a realistic view, with one-point, two-point, and three-point varieties.
The document provides information on the 20MEGO1 - Engineering Graphics course offered at Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology, Coimbatore. The objectives of the course are to impart knowledge on interpreting engineering drawings and communicating concepts through graphical representations per engineering standards. The course outcomes include the ability to interpret and construct geometric entities, orthographic projections, and develop various projections of solids, sections, and surfaces. The syllabus is divided into 5 modules covering topics like curve constructions, orthographic projections, projections of points lines and planes, projections of solids, sections and developments of surfaces, and isometric and perspective projections. References for the course are also provided.
Technical drawing uses standardized visual conventions and symbols to unambiguously communicate engineering and design concepts. It is considered essential for industry. The international standard ISO 128 codifies common principles, such as types of lines and projection views. Technical drawing aims for objective, single interpretations compared to the subjective nature of artistic drawing. Draftspeople create technical drawings according to standardized guidelines for dimensions, projections, and different line types that indicate visible, hidden, cut, and other features of a design.
This document provides an introduction to engineering drawing for students in the School of Engineering and Technology at the University of Hertfordshire. It covers topics such as manual drawing equipment, orthographic projection, isometric projection, and the use of auxiliary views. The document is intended to be used as a reference throughout the engineering courses as it provides the fundamental concepts of engineering drawing.
This document provides an overview of engineering drawings and their components. It discusses various topics such as projection methods, orthographic projection, graphics language, and traditional drawing tools. Orthographic projection techniques like multiview and axonometric drawings are described. The document also covers drawing standards, scales, drawing sheets, lettering, and techniques for freehand sketching.
Orthographic projection is a technique for technical drawing that uses parallel lines of sight perpendicular to reference planes to create 2D views of a 3D object. It can produce either multiview drawings with separate views showing front, top, and side views, or axonometric drawings showing all three dimensions in a single view. Multiview drawings accurately depict shape and size but require practice to read, while axonometric drawings are easier to understand but introduce distortions. The document provides examples and definitions of orthographic projections, principal views, reference planes, and the glass box approach for visualizing 3D to 2D projections.
Basics of Engineering Drawing & first angle projectionjeevanprasad8
Engineering drawing first angle projection and third angle projection are being covered. how to represent a drawing on a drawing sheet has covered. How to read multi views has been covered.difference between isometric projection and orthographic projection has been covered. conversion of isometric projection to orthographic projecion and from orthographic projection to isometric projection has been covered.The classification of Engineering Drawings include: Building drawing, Machine drawing, Electrical drawing etc.
Dimensions are indicated on the drawing to define geometric characteristics such as lengths, diameters, radii, angles and locations.A projection is defined as a representation of an object on a two dimensional plane. There are basically three types of projections.
Orthographic projection
Isometric projection
Perspective projectionAll engineering drawings are prepared to some scale. The scale adopted should be the largest possible one.
Full size scale,
Reducing scale and
Enlarging scale.
Full size scale 1:1, Reducing scale 1:2, Enlarging scale 50:1A projection is said to be orthographic, when the point of sight is imagined to be located at infinity, so that the rays of sight are parallel to each other and intersect the plane of projection at right angles to it.Orthographic projection technique can produce either
1. Multiview drawing
that each view show an object in two dimensions.
2. Axonometric drawing
that show all three dimensions of an object in one view.
Orthographic projection technique can produce either
1. Multiview drawing
that each view show an object in two dimensions.
2. Axonometric drawing
that show all three dimensions of an object in one view.
1. بلقيهجفريﮐجروترأنﻣﮐتب
MAKTAB KEJURUTERAAN JEFRI BOLKIAH
KUALA BELAIT
NEGARA BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
ASSIGNMENT 1
SESSION 2012/2014
Please Tick ( ) First Attempt: Re-Do:
TITLE: ENGINEERING DRAWING FUNDAMENTAL,GEOMETRICAL
CONSTRUCTION, ORTHOGRAPHIC & PICTORIAL PROJECTIONS AND
PATERN DEELOPMENT
UNIT TITLE: ENGINEERING DRAWING
NAME/ID CARD NUMBER: Abd Ammar Ar-rasyid bin Razali(01-061196)
GROUP/LEVEL: Diploma Year 1 Marine Engineering (A)
DATE GIVEN: 6TH/ FEB/ 2013 DATE SUBMITTED:
ABD. AMMAR AR-RASYID, MRE A 1
2. TABLES OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION PG.3
ENGINNEERING DRAWING PG.4
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION PG.5
TYPES OF LINES USED IN ENGINEERING DRAWING PG.6
PICTORIAL DRAWING PG.7
ISOMETRIC PROJECTION PG.8
OBLIQUE PROJECTION PG.9
PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION PG.11
CONCLUSION PG.12
ABD. AMMAR AR-RASYID, MRE A 2
3. Introduction
Engineering drawing is not only the province of the draftsperson. It is the
language of the engineer. It is their means of developing and recording their
ideas, and conveying them to others. Every engineer will be using and referring to
some form of drawings almost daily. They will often be producing or directing the
preparation of drawings. Usually, they make the preliminary sketches and design
drawings in accordance with principles of engineering drawing. Because this is the
most unambiguous way of to convey and record information. It is also likely that
every engineer at sometime will be checking the work of designer drafters and
approving drawings before they are sent to manufacturing. When engineers sign
off the final approval of a drawing, they take responsibility for it.
ABD. AMMAR AR-RASYID, MRE A 3
4. Engineering Drawing
All forms of engineering and technical work require that a two dimensional surface
(paper) be used to communicate ideas and the physical description of a variety of shapes.
Here projections have been divided in to two basic categories; pictorial and multi view.
This simple division separates single view projections (oblique, perspective and isometric)
from multi view projections (orthographic). Theoretically, projections can be classified as
convergent and parallel, or divided in to three systems of projection: perspective,
oblique, and orthographic. Division of types based on whether the drawing is a one view or
multi view projection sufficiently separate projection types in to those used for
engineering working drawings (orthographic) and those used for display (architectural
rendering, technical illustrations etc.)
In short, one of the best ways to communicate one's ideas is through some form of
picture or drawing. This is especially true for the engineer. The purpose of this chapter is
to give you the basics of engineering sketching and drawing. We will treat "sketching" and
"drawing" as one. "Sketching" generally, means freehand drawing. "Drawing" usually, means
using drawing instruments, from compasses to computers to bring precision to the
drawings.
ABD. AMMAR AR-RASYID, MRE A 4
5. Orthographic Projection
Orthographic projections are a way of describing what an object looks like from several
different views. Orthographics are also called engineering drawings or plan views. Using a
set of orthographics an Illustrator can easily draw the three-dimensional object from any
angle and in perspective, isometric or any number of other drawing systems. 3D modelers
often use orthographics to accurately create an object in a 3D application.
An orthographic is one way to describe a three dimensional object in two-dimensional
space. Typically an orthographic will have the top, side and front views of an object
drawn together with some kind of scale
However, three views are shown in order to clarify internal and external detail.
The views are known as:
FRONT VIEW
TOP VIEW
SIDE VIEW (left and/or right hand view)
(And at times) BASE/SECTIONAL VIEWS
A comparisons of first angle projection and third angle projection
First angle Third angle
The plan is BELOW the front view. The plan view is ABOVE the front view.
The right-hand side view is on the left- The right-hand side view is on the right-
hand side of the front view. hand side of the front view.
The left-hand side view is on the right- The left-hand side view is on the left-hand
hand side of the front view. side of the front view.
ABD. AMMAR AR-RASYID, MRE A 5
6. Type of Lines used in Engineering Drawing
A variety of line styles graphically represent physical objects. Types of lines include the
following:
Object or visible lines are used to represent the outline or contour of the
object being drawn.
Center lines are used to represent the center of round or cylindrical features,
or the symmetry of a feature
Center marks are used to represent the center points of a radius (arc) or
circle.
Hidden lines represents edges and outlines that are visible features of an
object in a particular view.
Phantom lines represent the outline of an adjacent part, show alternate
positions of a moving part, or replace repetitive details such as gear teeth and
threads.
Break lines represents an area of an object that has been removed for clarity
or convenience.
Cutting-plane lines represent an imaginary cut through a part to show a cross-
section.
Viewing-plane lines represents the direction of sight used to view particular
feature.
Section lines are used to show where material has been cut away in a section
view. A cutting-plane or break lines may used to expose the material.
ABD. AMMAR AR-RASYID, MRE A 6
7. Lines can also be classified by a letter classification in which each line is given a
letter.
Type A lines show the outline of the feature of an object. They are the
thickest lines on a drawing and done with a pencil softer than HB.
Type B lines are dimension lines and are used for dimensioning, projecting,
extending, or leaders. A harder pencil should be used, such as a 2H.
Type C lines are used for breaks when the whole object is not shown. They are
freehand drawn and only for short breaks. 2H pencil
Type D lines are similar to Type C, except they are zigzagged and only for
longer breaks. 2H pencil
Type E lines indicate hidden outlines of internal features of an object. They
are dotted lines. 2H pencil
Type F lines are Type F[typo] lines, except they are used for drawings in
electro technology. 2H pencil
Type G lines are used for Centre lines. They are dotted lines, but a long line of
10–20 mm, then a gap, then a small line of 2 mm. 2H pencil
Type H lines are the same as Type G, except that every second long line is
thicker. They indicate the cutting plane of an object. 2H pencil
Type K lines indicate the alternate positions of an object and the line taken by
that object. They are drawn with a long line of 10–20 mm, then a small gap,
then a small line of 2 mm, then a gap, then another small line. 2H pencil.
ABD. AMMAR AR-RASYID, MRE A 7
8. Pictorial Drawing
Every person cannot understand the orthographic projection. Its execution requires a
thorough understanding of the principles of projection and its reading requires a good
practice of constructive imagination. Pictorial drawing is the drawing of a picture in
graphic language of engineers, to represent a real thing by means of picture views. It
shows the appearance of the object by one view only. Following three methods of pictorial
projections are commonly used in engineering drawing:
(a) Isometric projection
(b) Oblique projection
(c) Perspective projection
Isometric, Oblique and Perspective Drawing
ABD. AMMAR AR-RASYID, MRE A 8
9. ISOMETRIC PROJECTION
Isometric projection is a method for visually representing three-dimensional objects in
two dimensions in technical and engineering drawings. An isometric view of an object can
be obtained by choosing the viewing direction in a way that the angles between the
projection of the x, y, and z axes are all the same, or 120°.
Isometric Projection
Isometric projection is a type of pictorial projection. Isometric means equal measure. In
this isometric projection, all the plane surfaces and the edges formed of these plane
surfaces should be equally inclined to the metric plane. Metric plane is the same
horizontal plane which is used in orthographic projection.
To represent the three dimensions (length, breadth and height) of the object,
there are three axes known as ISOMETRIC AXES. To start an isometric drawing, a reference
line (horizontal line) and the three axes (X, Y Z) are drawn by taking an angle of 30° from
the reference horizontal line as drawn in Fig 7.2. Z axis is a vertical line to the horizontal
line drawn from intersection point of X and Y axes.
ABD. AMMAR AR-RASYID, MRE A 9
10. OBLIQUE PROJECTION
Oblique projection is a simple type of technical drawing of graphical projection used for
producing pictorial, two-dimensional images of three-dimensional objects. In an oblique
pictorial drawing, the angles displayed among the axes, as well as the foreshortening
factors (scale) are arbitrary. More precisely, any given set of three coplanar segments
originating from the same point may be construed as forming some oblique perspective of
three sides of a cube.
Oblique Projection
O O
Third Axis of the Oblique Projection may be Inclined at 30 or 45
ABD. AMMAR AR-RASYID, MRE A 10
11. Inclination of Inclined Axis Oblique projection of a cube
Perspective Projection
Perspective projection or perspective drawing is the representation of an object on
a plane surface, called the picture plane, as it would appear to the eye, when viewed
from a fixed position. It may also be defined as the figure formed on the picture plane
when visual rays from the eye to the object cut the picture plane. Perspective is mainly
used in architecture. By means of perspective, the architecture is able to show how an
object would appear when constructed.
ABD. AMMAR AR-RASYID, MRE A 11
12. Conclusion
With my skills and what I have studied about engineering so far, I have finished all the
drawings given neat and clean. I also did research on the internet to look for more
information about engineering drawing. I used all my engineering materials such as
pencils, tee-rule, Set Square, compass, drawing board and etc. It is a good engineering
practice to review what we have studied before, there were so many difficulties, but in
the end I encountered the problems through more research since we were given lots of
time.
Reference
http://www.csee.umbc.edu/~rheingan/435/pages/res/view/view2-4.gif
http://draftingmanuals.tpub.com/14276/img/14276_304_1.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblique_projection
http://draftingmanuals.tpub.com/14040/img/14040_38_3.jpg
http://engineerharry.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/lines.png
ABD. AMMAR AR-RASYID, MRE A 12