Ecosystems questions
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An ecosystem is made up of living things like plants and animals as well as non-living things like air, water, and soil. A population is a group of the same species in an area while a community includes all populations in an ecosystem. Producers like plants use photosynthesis to make their own food while primary consumers eat producers. Secondary consumers eat other animals and decomposers break down dead organisms and waste. Food chains show single paths of energy transfer while interconnected food webs display the complex feeding relationships in an ecosystem. Deserts are dry ecosystems while savannas and grasslands differ in rainfall and tree coverage. Urban ecosystems include parks and developed areas inhabited by urban-adapted plants and animals.
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Ecosystem
An ecosystem includes both living and non-living components that interact with each other. Living things in an ecosystem include producers like plants, primary consumers like herbivores, secondary consumers like carnivores, and decomposers like fungi and bacteria. These organisms are organized into food chains and interconnected food webs. Some major ecosystems include forests, grasslands, deserts, marine ecosystems like coral reefs, and urban ecosystems created by human activity.
Introduction to Food Chains
A food chain shows how energy flows through an ecosystem. All food chains begin with the Sun providing energy to green plants, which are producers. Producers are then eaten by primary consumers like insects and herbivores. Secondary consumers eat primary consumers, and tertiary consumers eat other consumers. Food chains illustrate the relationships between organisms as energy passes from one to the next.
Introduction To Ecology
This document discusses energy flow through ecosystems and food webs. It defines producers as organisms like plants that get energy from sunlight or chemicals through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. Consumers are defined as organisms that get energy by eating other organisms and are divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers. Food chains and food webs show the network of organisms that eat each other and how energy flows from producers that capture energy to higher level consumers.
Food web
A food web is a more complex network, graphical model depicting the many food chains linked together to show the feeding relationships of organisms in an ecosystem.
Food web is an important ecological concept. Basically, food web represents feeding relationships within a community (Smith and Smith 2009)
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Govt. Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt. A. P
Food chain
1) Food chains and webs describe the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem, with producers like plants at the bottom and various consumers at higher trophic levels.
2) Biomass pyramids show that the amount of biomass decreases at each higher trophic level due to energy losses as energy moves through the food chain.
3) Certain harmful substances can accumulate and concentrate in organisms at higher trophic levels through biological magnification as they are not easily broken down or excreted.
Science Ecosystem Relationships Vocabulary Cards
The document defines key terms related to organisms and ecology, including organism, producer, decomposer, consumer, scavenger, carnivore, herbivore, omnivore, community, population, affect vs effect, food chain, food web, and bioaccumulation. It provides examples for each term and explains producers make their own food through photosynthesis, decomposers break down dead organisms, consumers eat other organisms or their byproducts, and herbivores eat plants while carnivores eat animals and omnivores eat both. Food chains demonstrate energy transfer between organisms and food webs combine multiple chains in an ecosystem. Bioaccumulation occurs when substances build up in an organism over time.
Food Chain and Webs
A food chain shows how energy passes from producers like plants through consumers like herbivores and carnivores to decomposers. Producers make their own food through photosynthesis. Consumers cannot make their own food and include herbivores that eat plants, carnivores that eat other animals, and omnivores that eat both. Decomposers break down dead organisms and return nutrients to the soil. A food web connects multiple overlapping food chains to more accurately depict feeding relationships in an ecosystem.
Food web presentation
Food webs show the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem. They can be represented topologically to simply show relationships, or as flow webs to show the strength of interactions. Examples of different food webs include soil food webs describing underground communities, aquatic food webs of water systems, and forest food webs comprising producers, consumers, and decomposers. Food webs are important because they distinguish producers and consumers, identify animal relationships and food sources, and provide stability to ecosystems by sustaining life.
Recommended
Ecosystem
An ecosystem includes both living and non-living components that interact with each other. Living things in an ecosystem include producers like plants, primary consumers like herbivores, secondary consumers like carnivores, and decomposers like fungi and bacteria. These organisms are organized into food chains and interconnected food webs. Some major ecosystems include forests, grasslands, deserts, marine ecosystems like coral reefs, and urban ecosystems created by human activity.
Introduction to Food Chains
A food chain shows how energy flows through an ecosystem. All food chains begin with the Sun providing energy to green plants, which are producers. Producers are then eaten by primary consumers like insects and herbivores. Secondary consumers eat primary consumers, and tertiary consumers eat other consumers. Food chains illustrate the relationships between organisms as energy passes from one to the next.
Introduction To Ecology
This document discusses energy flow through ecosystems and food webs. It defines producers as organisms like plants that get energy from sunlight or chemicals through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. Consumers are defined as organisms that get energy by eating other organisms and are divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers. Food chains and food webs show the network of organisms that eat each other and how energy flows from producers that capture energy to higher level consumers.
Food web
A food web is a more complex network, graphical model depicting the many food chains linked together to show the feeding relationships of organisms in an ecosystem.
Food web is an important ecological concept. Basically, food web represents feeding relationships within a community (Smith and Smith 2009)
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Govt. Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt. A. P
Food chain
1) Food chains and webs describe the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem, with producers like plants at the bottom and various consumers at higher trophic levels.
2) Biomass pyramids show that the amount of biomass decreases at each higher trophic level due to energy losses as energy moves through the food chain.
3) Certain harmful substances can accumulate and concentrate in organisms at higher trophic levels through biological magnification as they are not easily broken down or excreted.
Science Ecosystem Relationships Vocabulary Cards
The document defines key terms related to organisms and ecology, including organism, producer, decomposer, consumer, scavenger, carnivore, herbivore, omnivore, community, population, affect vs effect, food chain, food web, and bioaccumulation. It provides examples for each term and explains producers make their own food through photosynthesis, decomposers break down dead organisms, consumers eat other organisms or their byproducts, and herbivores eat plants while carnivores eat animals and omnivores eat both. Food chains demonstrate energy transfer between organisms and food webs combine multiple chains in an ecosystem. Bioaccumulation occurs when substances build up in an organism over time.
Food Chain and Webs
A food chain shows how energy passes from producers like plants through consumers like herbivores and carnivores to decomposers. Producers make their own food through photosynthesis. Consumers cannot make their own food and include herbivores that eat plants, carnivores that eat other animals, and omnivores that eat both. Decomposers break down dead organisms and return nutrients to the soil. A food web connects multiple overlapping food chains to more accurately depict feeding relationships in an ecosystem.
Food web presentation
Food webs show the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem. They can be represented topologically to simply show relationships, or as flow webs to show the strength of interactions. Examples of different food webs include soil food webs describing underground communities, aquatic food webs of water systems, and forest food webs comprising producers, consumers, and decomposers. Food webs are important because they distinguish producers and consumers, identify animal relationships and food sources, and provide stability to ecosystems by sustaining life.
2.1 Energy Flow In Ecosystems
Organisms in an ecosystem play one of three roles: producer, consumer, or decomposer. Producers such as plants make their own food, consumers such as herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and scavengers obtain energy by eating other organisms or dead matter, and decomposers such as bacteria and fungi break down waste and dead organisms. Energy flows through food chains and food webs with producers containing the most energy and higher levels containing less energy. Food webs better represent ecosystems as most organisms are involved in multiple overlapping food chains.
Trophic Structure of Ecosystems
Trophic structure refers to the levels in a food chain or web through which energy passes as organisms consume others. There are multiple trophic levels, with primary producers like plants forming the first level and herbivores the second. Carnivores that eat herbivores make up the third trophic level. Energy decreases at each level, with only about 10% transferred to the next level while the rest is lost to heat through metabolic processes. This trophic structure describes the pathways and efficiencies of energy transfer through an ecosystem.
Food web presentation
Plants are producers that make their own food through photosynthesis. Energy and nutrients are transferred as herbivores eat plants, and as carnivores consume herbivores and other carnivores, forming a food chain. A food web shows how different food chains interconnect as organisms fill different roles as producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, omnivores, or decomposers to cycle energy and matter in an ecosystem.
Trophic Levels, Bioenergetics, Chemical Energy and ATP
Trophic levels refer to the position that organisms occupy in a food chain. There are typically 5 trophic levels:
1) Primary producers such as plants 2) Herbivores that eat plants 3) Carnivores that eat herbivores 4) Carnivores that eat other carnivores 5) Apex predators that have no predators. Trophic levels can be represented numerically, with plants at level 1 and apex predators at level 5. Food chains transfer energy from trophic level to trophic level as organisms consume others.
Introduction to energy flow
The document introduces the concepts of energy flow through food chains and webs in ecosystems. It explains that the sun is the ultimate energy source and that plants convert the sun's energy to food through photosynthesis. This energy then flows to consumers as herbivores eat plants and carnivores eat herbivores or other carnivores. Detritivores and decomposers break down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients and energy back into the system. Food chains illustrate a single path of energy transfer, while food webs show the multiple feeding relationships in an ecosystem.
Food chain
The food chain is a linear sequence of organisms where nutrients and energy are transferred from one organism to another as they are consumed. It begins with producer organisms like plants, then primary and secondary consumers that eat the producers, and ends with decomposer organisms like bacteria that break down waste. A food chain explains the feeding relationships between organisms at different trophic levels in an ecosystem. Multiple interconnected food chains form a more complex food web that better represents the flow of energy and interactions between species in an environment.
food chain
This document provides an overview of ecosystems, including key concepts like trophic levels, producers, consumers, decomposers, and energy flow. It discusses the laws of thermodynamics and how energy is transferred less efficiently at each trophic level. Producers, consumers, and decomposers are defined. Biochemical cycles like carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen are summarized. Food chains and webs are described, as well as ecological pyramids of biomass and numbers, which show decreasing biomass and numbers at higher trophic levels.
Food Chain | Food Web
Food Chains in this PPT.
About Producers, Consumers, Predators & All.
PPT Made By- Fatima & Friends
Food chains by Ammar Raed
Food chains describe how energy passes from one living thing to another as each organism obtains energy by consuming other organisms or plants. Plants get energy directly from the sun while other organisms get energy by eating plants or other organisms. Examples of food chains include a desert food chain with the sun providing energy to sagebrush which is eaten by grasshoppers and then lizards and hawks, and a marine food chain with plankton, mussels, fish and bigger fish. Food chains can be simple with just a few organisms or more complex involving multiple organisms transferring energy up the chain from nuts to mice to snakes and hawks and eventually to humans.
Ppt on ecosystem
An ecosystem is defined as a complex relationship between living organisms, habitats, and resources in a given area. Organisms are typically dependent on each other and their habitat for survival. Ecosystems can be natural or artificial. The components of an ecosystem include abiotic (non-living) factors like air, water and soil, and biotic (living) factors like producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers harness energy from the sun via photosynthesis. Consumers consume other organisms for food, and decomposers break down dead organisms and waste. Food chains show the transfer of energy as organisms consume one another.
Queency powerpoint
1) Food chains describe the transfer of energy from producers to consumers in an ecosystem. Producers such as plants get energy from the sun which is then consumed by primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers.
2) Organisms obtain food through predation, symbiosis, and mutualism. In predation, one organism hunts another for food. Symbiosis describes living together, including parasitism where one benefits at the expense of the other, commensalism where one benefits without affecting the other, and mutualism where both benefit.
3) Disruptions to the food chain, such as the loss of a population like frogs in a pond, can negatively impact other populations that depend on
Ecosystem Unit
Ecosystem Unit focusing on biotic/abiotic factors, consumer levels, energy flow in foodchains, foodwebs, and energy pyramids.
2.1 trophic levels
This document discusses biotic and abiotic factors in ecosystems and trophic levels. It defines biotic factors as living components like plants, animals, bacteria and fungi. Abiotic factors are non-living like temperature, water, soil and sunlight. There are trophic levels in a food chain including primary producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers and apex predators. Energy flows through the food chain from producers to consumers at different trophic levels, and decomposers break down waste and make nutrients available again.
Food chain
The document defines food chains and food webs. A food chain transfers energy from producers like plants through consumers like herbivores, carnivores, and decomposers. A food web shows the interconnected food chains in an ecosystem. There are three main types of food chains - grazing, parasitic, and detritus. Energy flows through a food chain from producers to consumers but is lost at each transfer, with about 90% lost at each trophic level. Food webs are important for understanding energy flow and population dynamics within an ecosystem.
Trophic levels
Primary producers use energy from the sun or chemicals to produce organic molecules. Consumers rely on other organisms for energy and nutrients. There are different types of consumers including herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, scavengers, decomposers, and detritivores. Food chains show the transfer of energy between organisms through eating, while food webs show complex feeding relationships in an ecosystem. Trophic levels refer to the steps in a food chain, with primary producers at the base and increasing consumer levels above. Only about 10% of available energy is transferred between trophic levels.
Ecology energy flow food chains
Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. There are several levels of ecological organization, including the biosphere, ecosystems, populations, and communities. Energy flows through ecosystems from producers like plants and photosynthetic bacteria to consumers at different trophic levels in food chains and webs. Only about 10% of energy is transferred from each trophic level to the next higher level.
Interactions:Transfer of Energy in Trophic Levels, Prepared by: Edsyl Berongo...
Interactions:Transfer of Energy in Trophic Levels, Prepared by: Edsyl Berongo...ROMAN C. VILLALON MEMORIAL COLLEGES FOUNDATION INC.
This document discusses trophic levels and energy transfer through food chains and webs. It begins by stating the lesson objectives of describing energy transfer through trophic levels, distinguishing between producers and consumers, and constructing a food chain. It then defines producers as organisms that convert sunlight to chemical energy, consumers as organisms that obtain energy by eating producers or other consumers, and decomposers as organisms that break down dead organisms. The document explains that food chains show a linear transfer of energy from producers to consumers to decomposers, while food webs illustrate a more complex web of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem. Students are assigned to answer questions about food webs versus food chains and construct their own food web.Energy flow in Ecosystem
The document discusses energy flow in ecosystems, explaining that all ecosystems begin with energy input from the sun which primary producers then use for primary production. It describes the typical food chain as including primary producers, herbivores, carnivores, detritivores and decomposers, with most food chains having four to five links and the amount of primary production varying between places. It also introduces the concept of food webs, noting that most animals are part of multiple interconnected food chains that form complicated food webs where everything is connected.
Energy flow in ecosystems
The document discusses energy flow through an ecosystem. It explains that grass, frogs, snakes, grasshoppers and hawks interact through a food chain where grass is eaten by grasshoppers which are eaten by snakes or frogs which may then be eaten by hawks. It also defines producers as organisms like grass that can produce their own food, consumers as organisms that cannot produce their own food and eat other organisms, and decomposers as organisms like bacteria and fungi that break down waste and dead organisms.
Ecology
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between living organisms and their environment. The environment contains abiotic factors like climate and biotic factors like other living things. Organisms are organized into a hierarchy of levels including species, populations, communities, and ecosystems. Producers, consumers, and decomposers have different roles in ecosystems. Energy flows through trophic levels from producers to consumers to decomposers, with only about 10% transferred between levels. Food chains and webs show feeding relationships. Relationships like predation, competition, and symbiosis influence organisms.
Unit 1 interaction no.1
The document discusses the functions of the nervous system. It states that the nervous system sends messages from the brain to different parts of the body to allow responses to stimuli from the senses. It also controls internal systems like digestion and respiration. The brain is the most important organ as it controls the nervous system and processes information from the senses. It is made up of the cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem which control cognitive thinking, movement and involuntary functions respectively. The spinal cord runs from the brain down the spine and controls reflex actions.
The examples of ways of separaing substances
This document discusses several methods for separating substances:
Magnetic separation uses magnetic properties to separate magnetic and non-magnetic materials. Decantation involves allowing substances of different densities to separate, then pouring off the lighter material. Filtration removes solids from liquids by passing the mixture through a permeable barrier. Evaporation and distillation both remove liquids from mixtures, with distillation collecting the evaporated liquid through condensation.
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2.1 Energy Flow In Ecosystems
Organisms in an ecosystem play one of three roles: producer, consumer, or decomposer. Producers such as plants make their own food, consumers such as herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and scavengers obtain energy by eating other organisms or dead matter, and decomposers such as bacteria and fungi break down waste and dead organisms. Energy flows through food chains and food webs with producers containing the most energy and higher levels containing less energy. Food webs better represent ecosystems as most organisms are involved in multiple overlapping food chains.
Trophic Structure of Ecosystems
Trophic structure refers to the levels in a food chain or web through which energy passes as organisms consume others. There are multiple trophic levels, with primary producers like plants forming the first level and herbivores the second. Carnivores that eat herbivores make up the third trophic level. Energy decreases at each level, with only about 10% transferred to the next level while the rest is lost to heat through metabolic processes. This trophic structure describes the pathways and efficiencies of energy transfer through an ecosystem.
Food web presentation
Plants are producers that make their own food through photosynthesis. Energy and nutrients are transferred as herbivores eat plants, and as carnivores consume herbivores and other carnivores, forming a food chain. A food web shows how different food chains interconnect as organisms fill different roles as producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, omnivores, or decomposers to cycle energy and matter in an ecosystem.
Trophic Levels, Bioenergetics, Chemical Energy and ATP
Trophic levels refer to the position that organisms occupy in a food chain. There are typically 5 trophic levels:
1) Primary producers such as plants 2) Herbivores that eat plants 3) Carnivores that eat herbivores 4) Carnivores that eat other carnivores 5) Apex predators that have no predators. Trophic levels can be represented numerically, with plants at level 1 and apex predators at level 5. Food chains transfer energy from trophic level to trophic level as organisms consume others.
Introduction to energy flow
The document introduces the concepts of energy flow through food chains and webs in ecosystems. It explains that the sun is the ultimate energy source and that plants convert the sun's energy to food through photosynthesis. This energy then flows to consumers as herbivores eat plants and carnivores eat herbivores or other carnivores. Detritivores and decomposers break down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients and energy back into the system. Food chains illustrate a single path of energy transfer, while food webs show the multiple feeding relationships in an ecosystem.
Food chain
The food chain is a linear sequence of organisms where nutrients and energy are transferred from one organism to another as they are consumed. It begins with producer organisms like plants, then primary and secondary consumers that eat the producers, and ends with decomposer organisms like bacteria that break down waste. A food chain explains the feeding relationships between organisms at different trophic levels in an ecosystem. Multiple interconnected food chains form a more complex food web that better represents the flow of energy and interactions between species in an environment.
food chain
This document provides an overview of ecosystems, including key concepts like trophic levels, producers, consumers, decomposers, and energy flow. It discusses the laws of thermodynamics and how energy is transferred less efficiently at each trophic level. Producers, consumers, and decomposers are defined. Biochemical cycles like carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen are summarized. Food chains and webs are described, as well as ecological pyramids of biomass and numbers, which show decreasing biomass and numbers at higher trophic levels.
Food Chain | Food Web
Food Chains in this PPT.
About Producers, Consumers, Predators & All.
PPT Made By- Fatima & Friends
Food chains by Ammar Raed
Food chains describe how energy passes from one living thing to another as each organism obtains energy by consuming other organisms or plants. Plants get energy directly from the sun while other organisms get energy by eating plants or other organisms. Examples of food chains include a desert food chain with the sun providing energy to sagebrush which is eaten by grasshoppers and then lizards and hawks, and a marine food chain with plankton, mussels, fish and bigger fish. Food chains can be simple with just a few organisms or more complex involving multiple organisms transferring energy up the chain from nuts to mice to snakes and hawks and eventually to humans.
Ppt on ecosystem
An ecosystem is defined as a complex relationship between living organisms, habitats, and resources in a given area. Organisms are typically dependent on each other and their habitat for survival. Ecosystems can be natural or artificial. The components of an ecosystem include abiotic (non-living) factors like air, water and soil, and biotic (living) factors like producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers harness energy from the sun via photosynthesis. Consumers consume other organisms for food, and decomposers break down dead organisms and waste. Food chains show the transfer of energy as organisms consume one another.
Queency powerpoint
1) Food chains describe the transfer of energy from producers to consumers in an ecosystem. Producers such as plants get energy from the sun which is then consumed by primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers.
2) Organisms obtain food through predation, symbiosis, and mutualism. In predation, one organism hunts another for food. Symbiosis describes living together, including parasitism where one benefits at the expense of the other, commensalism where one benefits without affecting the other, and mutualism where both benefit.
3) Disruptions to the food chain, such as the loss of a population like frogs in a pond, can negatively impact other populations that depend on
Ecosystem Unit
Ecosystem Unit focusing on biotic/abiotic factors, consumer levels, energy flow in foodchains, foodwebs, and energy pyramids.
2.1 trophic levels
This document discusses biotic and abiotic factors in ecosystems and trophic levels. It defines biotic factors as living components like plants, animals, bacteria and fungi. Abiotic factors are non-living like temperature, water, soil and sunlight. There are trophic levels in a food chain including primary producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers and apex predators. Energy flows through the food chain from producers to consumers at different trophic levels, and decomposers break down waste and make nutrients available again.
Food chain
The document defines food chains and food webs. A food chain transfers energy from producers like plants through consumers like herbivores, carnivores, and decomposers. A food web shows the interconnected food chains in an ecosystem. There are three main types of food chains - grazing, parasitic, and detritus. Energy flows through a food chain from producers to consumers but is lost at each transfer, with about 90% lost at each trophic level. Food webs are important for understanding energy flow and population dynamics within an ecosystem.
Trophic levels
Primary producers use energy from the sun or chemicals to produce organic molecules. Consumers rely on other organisms for energy and nutrients. There are different types of consumers including herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, scavengers, decomposers, and detritivores. Food chains show the transfer of energy between organisms through eating, while food webs show complex feeding relationships in an ecosystem. Trophic levels refer to the steps in a food chain, with primary producers at the base and increasing consumer levels above. Only about 10% of available energy is transferred between trophic levels.
Ecology energy flow food chains
Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. There are several levels of ecological organization, including the biosphere, ecosystems, populations, and communities. Energy flows through ecosystems from producers like plants and photosynthetic bacteria to consumers at different trophic levels in food chains and webs. Only about 10% of energy is transferred from each trophic level to the next higher level.
Interactions:Transfer of Energy in Trophic Levels, Prepared by: Edsyl Berongo...
Interactions:Transfer of Energy in Trophic Levels, Prepared by: Edsyl Berongo...ROMAN C. VILLALON MEMORIAL COLLEGES FOUNDATION INC.
This document discusses trophic levels and energy transfer through food chains and webs. It begins by stating the lesson objectives of describing energy transfer through trophic levels, distinguishing between producers and consumers, and constructing a food chain. It then defines producers as organisms that convert sunlight to chemical energy, consumers as organisms that obtain energy by eating producers or other consumers, and decomposers as organisms that break down dead organisms. The document explains that food chains show a linear transfer of energy from producers to consumers to decomposers, while food webs illustrate a more complex web of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem. Students are assigned to answer questions about food webs versus food chains and construct their own food web.Energy flow in Ecosystem
The document discusses energy flow in ecosystems, explaining that all ecosystems begin with energy input from the sun which primary producers then use for primary production. It describes the typical food chain as including primary producers, herbivores, carnivores, detritivores and decomposers, with most food chains having four to five links and the amount of primary production varying between places. It also introduces the concept of food webs, noting that most animals are part of multiple interconnected food chains that form complicated food webs where everything is connected.
Energy flow in ecosystems
The document discusses energy flow through an ecosystem. It explains that grass, frogs, snakes, grasshoppers and hawks interact through a food chain where grass is eaten by grasshoppers which are eaten by snakes or frogs which may then be eaten by hawks. It also defines producers as organisms like grass that can produce their own food, consumers as organisms that cannot produce their own food and eat other organisms, and decomposers as organisms like bacteria and fungi that break down waste and dead organisms.
Ecology
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between living organisms and their environment. The environment contains abiotic factors like climate and biotic factors like other living things. Organisms are organized into a hierarchy of levels including species, populations, communities, and ecosystems. Producers, consumers, and decomposers have different roles in ecosystems. Energy flows through trophic levels from producers to consumers to decomposers, with only about 10% transferred between levels. Food chains and webs show feeding relationships. Relationships like predation, competition, and symbiosis influence organisms.
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Trophic Levels, Bioenergetics, Chemical Energy and ATP
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Unit 1 interaction no.1
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The examples of ways of separaing substances
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The document discusses how prepositional phrases can act as adjectives in sentences. It provides the example sentence "The birds were singing in the old oak tree" and rewrites it as "The birds in the old oak tree were singing." This shows that the prepositional phrase "in the old oak tree" is no longer describing the verb but instead describing the subject "birds" by specifying which birds were singing. Similarly, a phrase like "with blue spots" tells us what kind of birds were singing. The document concludes by listing words containing the suffix "/cious/".
Energy
Energy comes from various sources including the sun, coal, oil, natural gas, uranium, wind, and water. It exists in different forms such as kinetic, potential, chemical, thermal, light, sound, electrical, nuclear, and gravitational. Energy sources are either renewable, coming from sources that replenish, like solar, wind, and hydropower, or non-renewable, from finite sources like coal, oil, and natural gas. While non-renewables are widely used, they cause pollution, global warming, and acid rain, harming health and the environment. Small steps like recycling, reusing, reducing waste, and conserving electricity can help protect the planet.
English grammar 8 prepositional phrases
Prepositional phrases begin with a preposition and are often followed by a noun phrase or pronoun. The document provides examples of prepositions that can be turned into prepositional phrases, including at, in, above, on, after, and without. It asks the reader to identify the adverb in the sentence "Stan recently broke his arm" and how we know that "recently" is the adverb. The document also includes a spelling list featuring words containing "ci" that make the /sh/ sound.
Nutrition vol.1
The document discusses the digestive, circulatory, respiratory, and excretory systems and their connection to nutrition. The digestive system breaks down food, the circulatory system transports nutrients through the body, the respiratory system provides oxygen, and the excretory system removes waste. Together these systems work in harmony to keep the body healthy by providing energy and nutrients from food and removing waste.
Spain in the late 19th century vol.1
Spain experienced political instability in the late 19th century.
Isabel II was forced to abdicate in 1868, which began a period of instability. Her successor, King Amadeo I, also faced conflicts between political parties, rebellions, and problems with the army. Unable to govern effectively, he returned to Italy in 1873.
This led to the establishment of Spain's first republic, but it only lasted 11 months as the country faced three simultaneous civil wars. In 1874, General Manuel Pavia staged a coup which ended the republic and restored the monarchy under King Alfonso XII.
Pregnancy and birth
Human reproduction involves a male sperm fertilizing a female ovum. The fertilized egg then divides and multiplies, becoming an embryo that implants in the uterus and develops into a fetus over 9 weeks. The fetus receives oxygen and nutrients from the placenta via the umbilical cord until birth, which is signaled by contractions that push the fetus through the birth canal.
Industrial revolution
The document lists several key inventions from the Industrial Revolution in Britain in chronological order:
1. Britain's first factory was built in 1771.
2. The first steam engine was invented in 1776.
3. In 1830, the first ever passenger train took people from Liverpool to Manchester.
4. In 1838, the first ever functioning camera took its first photo.
5. In 1793, the first steam powered ship the “SS great western” crossed the Atlantic.
6. The first underground railway was built in London in 1854.
Unit 1 the spanish empire
The Spanish Empire controlled most of Central and South America as well as the Philippines in Asia at the start of the 19th century. However, between 1810 and 1825, inspired by the French Revolution, most of Spain's American colonies gained independence as Spain was weakened from fighting France. In 1898, Spain fought the Spanish-American War against the United States over its remaining colonies of Cuba and Puerto Rico in America and the Philippines in Asia, which it ultimately lost, marking the end of the Spanish Empire.
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