This document discusses energy flow through ecosystems and food webs. It defines producers as organisms like plants that get energy from sunlight or chemicals through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. Consumers are defined as organisms that get energy by eating other organisms and are divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers. Food chains and food webs show the network of organisms that eat each other and how energy flows from producers that capture energy to higher level consumers.

1. Introduction to Ecology Energy and Organisms

2. Agenda: 03/19/09 Notes: Energy in Ecosystems & Food Webs Finish Food Webs Coloring Sheet Warm-Up How do plants get their energy? How do animals get their energy?

3. Producers and Consumers Type Producer Also Called Autotroph Description gets energy from nonliving resources (like the sun) gets energy from self . self energy

4. Producers and Consumers Type Consumer Also Called Heterotroph Description gets energy by eating other organisms gets energy from a different source. different energy

5. Processes by Which Producers Obtain Energy Photosynthesis : sunlight is the main source of energy. Examples are green plants, cyanobacteria, and some protists. Chemosynthesis : chemicals are the main source of energy. Examples are deep-sea organisms, hydrothermal pools, and marsh flats. Both - make their own energy

6. Food Chains and Food Webs Types of consumers: herbivore : eats only plants carnivore : eats only meat omnivore : eats both plants and animals detritivore : eats dead organic material

7. A food web shows : the complex network of feeding relationships and flow of energy Trophic Level Producer Algae Phytoplankton 1 2 3 Primary Consumers 3. Zooplankton 4. Shrimp 5. Sea turtle 6. Parrotfish 7 4 5 6 9 8 10 Secondary Consumers 7. Sea sponge 8. Jellyfish 9. Triggerfish Tertiary Consumers 10. Reef shark

8. A food web shows : the complex network of feeding relationships and flow of energy Trophic Level Producer Algae Phytoplankton 1 2 3 Primary Consumers 3. Zooplankton 4. Shrimp 5. Sea turtle 6. Parrotfish 7 4 5 6 9 8 10 Secondary Consumers 7. Sea sponge 8. Jellyfish 9. Triggerfish Tertiary Consumers 10. Reef shark Energy flows from prey to predator!!! Think of this: prey ---is eaten by---> predator

9. A food web shows : the complex network of feeding relationships and flow of energy Trophic Level Producer Algae Phytoplankton 1 2 3 Primary Consumers 3. Zooplankton 4. Shrimp 5. Sea turtle 6. Parrotfish 7 4 5 6 9 8 10 Secondary Consumers 7. Sea sponge 8. Jellyfish 9. Triggerfish Tertiary Consumers 10. Reef shark

10. A food web shows : the complex network of feeding relationships and flow of energy Trophic Level Producer Algae Phytoplankton 1 2 3 Primary Consumers 3. Zooplankton 4. Shrimp 5. Sea turtle 6. Parrotfish 7 4 5 6 9 8 10 Secondary Consumers 7. Sea sponge 8. Jellyfish 9. Triggerfish Tertiary Consumers 10. Reef shark

11. A food web shows : the complex network of feeding relationships and flow of energy Trophic Level Producer Algae Phytoplankton 1 2 3 Primary Consumers 3. Zooplankton 4. Shrimp 5. Sea turtle 6. Parrotfish 7 4 5 6 9 8 10 Secondary Consumers 7. Sea sponge 8. Jellyfish 9. Triggerfish Tertiary Consumers 10. Reef shark Remember: energy flows from prey to predator!!!