Economic Secondary Industries Wales And Multinationals
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The document discusses factors that influence the location of industry and how industry has changed over time in South Wales. It notes that traditional heavy industries like coal and steel declined as raw materials became exhausted. New industries have located in South Wales due to incentives and being near ports for importing raw materials. Industries have shifted from heavy to high-tech and light manufacturing, moving from 'soot' to 'Sony'. Regional assistance through groups like the Welsh Development Agency has attracted foreign investment and created new jobs.
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![ECONOMIC SYSTEMS AND DEVELOPMENT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/economic-secondary-industrieswales-and-multinationals-1212098156885926-8/85/Economic-Secondary-Industries-Wales-And-Multinationals-1-320.jpg)
![INDUSTRY AS A SYSTEM Industry as a whole, or a factory as an individual unit, can be regarded as a system. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],For a firm to be profitable and to remain in business, the value of its outputs must be greater than the cost of its inputs. Some of the profit should then be re-invested, e.g. in modernising the factory and introducing new technology.](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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The document discusses how the location of the British iron and steel industry changed over time due to changing inputs and energy sources:
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3) By the 1950s, oil replaced coal. Mills moved to coastal sites like Port Talbot to import coal, iron ore, and oil by sea more easily.
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The document discusses how changes in locational factors have impacted the distribution of the British iron and steel industry over three phases from the 18th to 20th centuries. As resources depleted, the industry relocated based on new locational advantages - first to coalfields in the 19th century for fuel, then coastal areas in the 20th century for imported materials and transport access. These shifts led to economic decline in some inland areas but also opportunities for new industries and unemployment relief in affected regions.
South Wales Part I The Valleys
The coal and iron/steel industries prospered in the Valleys of South Wales in the 19th and early 20th centuries due to accessible raw materials and a large workforce. These industries declined later in the 20th century as Britain's empire declined, raw materials became exhausted, and foreign competition increased. Coal is no longer Britain's primary energy source, and the small steel works in the Valleys were inefficient compared to larger, integrated coastal plants.
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The document discusses how the location of the British iron and steel industry changed over time due to changing inputs and energy sources:
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The document discusses how changes in locational factors have impacted the distribution of the British iron and steel industry over three phases from the 18th to 20th centuries. As resources depleted, the industry relocated based on new locational advantages - first to coalfields in the 19th century for fuel, then coastal areas in the 20th century for imported materials and transport access. These shifts led to economic decline in some inland areas but also opportunities for new industries and unemployment relief in affected regions.
South Wales Part I The Valleys
The coal and iron/steel industries prospered in the Valleys of South Wales in the 19th and early 20th centuries due to accessible raw materials and a large workforce. These industries declined later in the 20th century as Britain's empire declined, raw materials became exhausted, and foreign competition increased. Coal is no longer Britain's primary energy source, and the small steel works in the Valleys were inefficient compared to larger, integrated coastal plants.
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The steel and iron industry uses iron ore, coal, and limestone as raw materials to produce steel through an expensive industrial process. The industry has faced challenges from globalization and higher costs in places like Germany. In the UK and Europe, this led to imports of raw materials and cheaper steel from places with lower costs. In response, integrated steel mills combining production processes were built for efficiency. However, rationalization through privatization and downsizing of the industry still resulted in plant closures and job losses in the UK. The steel industry also faces difficulties when related industries like construction decline.
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Australia is one of the world’s largest mining resource producers, a key market for opportunities for UK mining and mining-related businesses. The Australian resources industry is in the midst of great expansion, a large and diversified industry approaching £100bn in size across energy, base metals, precious metals and their ores. A boom decade has brought much competition and winning business is a tough game.
However, in a rapidly capital-intensifying industry, the UK’s strengths in high-technology goods, in professional and other services, its strong cultural, institutional and existing business ties, and the competitive exchange rate for the British pound, bring real opportunities for British businesses.
Linda Miles, UKTI Australia’s mining lead and Ian Hamilton, the British High Commission’s Senior Economist in Australia will look at the broad economic backdrop, the current status of the mining boom and specific areas of UK opportunity.
AMEC presentation Perth - June 2018
This document discusses establishing a lithium valley industrial region in Western Australia to capitalize on the state's lithium resources and growing global demand for lithium-ion batteries. It recommends designating Kwinana as the site of a new specialized industrial park to incentivize local manufacturing and processing without customs duties. The industrial park could diversify the economy and generate significant wealth if developed with modern infrastructure and an integrated port. With foreign investment, the lithium valley region could create over 100,000 new jobs and contribute over $50 billion annually to the state economy by 2025, cementing Western Australia as a global leader in the energy metals sector.
AMEC presentation - Lithium Valley - Establishing the case
This document discusses establishing a lithium valley industrial region in Western Australia to capitalize on the state's lithium resources and growing global demand for lithium-ion batteries. It recommends designating Kwinana as the site of a new specialized industrial park to incentivize local manufacturing and processing without customs duties. The industrial park could diversify the economy and generate significant wealth if developed with modern infrastructure and an integrated port. With foreign investment, the lithium industry could grow to directly employ over 100,000 people and contribute over $56 billion annually to the state's economy by 2025.
Major projects WA presentation outer harbour
The document discusses plans for developing an outer harbour in Kwinana, Western Australia to boost the state's economy. It argues that building the outer harbour would create an estimated 11,000 permanent jobs and $2 billion in annual economic contribution. A special economic zone in Kwinana could incentivize local manufacturing and processing of exported resources. The outer harbour would open up 4,000 hectares of industrial land for development and diversify Western Australia's economy by attracting foreign investment. The document calls on the government to focus on developing the outer harbour, establish a special economic zone, recycle water for industry and agriculture, and consider alternative port plans if the outer harbour is further delayed.
Seondary and tertiary sectors in SA
The document discusses secondary and tertiary industries in South Africa. It notes that secondary industries compose 22% of GDP, contributing to job creation and economic empowerment. Dominant secondary industries include agri-processing, automotive, chemicals, ICT, metals, and textiles. Tertiary industries compose 66% of GDP and include services like transport, education, finance, and health. The document also describes different types of industries and factors influencing industrial development in South Africa, such as raw materials, labor supply, infrastructure, political intervention, and access to markets and trade.
Lecture10 industry
The document discusses the evolution and diffusion of industry from pre-industrial times through the industrial revolution. It examines factors influencing the location of industries such as proximity to raw materials, markets, and transportation routes. Specific industries discussed include steel, automobiles, and electronics to illustrate how their locations have changed over time based on changing transportation costs and other factors.
SECONDARY ACTIVITIES 2.pptx
The document discusses different types of industrial regions and industries. It describes traditional industrial regions that developed around coal fields and were based on heavy industries like steel production. These regions faced problems as demand declined. It provides the example of the Ruhr Valley in Germany as a major traditional region. It then contrasts traditional industries with new high-tech industries that rely on research and development. High-tech regions have a highly skilled workforce and use new technologies. Finally, it briefly outlines the global distribution and characteristics of the iron and steel and cotton textile industries.
Economic Activities for the Junior Certicate
Designed for Junior Certificate Geography Students in the Irish Second Level System. Covers Primary, Secondary and Tertiary economic activities and has some questions culled from past exam papers as well. Deals with Farming, Fishing, Exploitation of Peat bogs, manufacturing, tourism etc.
Bristol Port - PESTEL and SWOT
The document provides a PESTEL analysis and SWOT analysis for Bristol Port Company. Key points:
- Government support for a new deep sea container terminal which could create jobs but won't be built until economy recovers.
- Proposal for a tidal barrage was rejected due to negative impacts on Bristol Port.
- Fuel taxes increase transport costs, incentivizing minimizing transport distances which benefits Bristol Port.
- Traffic remains below pre-crisis levels though recovery is expected. Container traffic is growing fastest globally and domestically.
- Population aging may reduce consumer goods demand long-term but population is moving south toward Bristol Port.
Economic change revision
De-industrialisation can have both benefits and costs for rural areas.
Benefits include:
- Derelict industrial sites can be regenerated for new uses, such as leisure facilities or business parks. For example, in Reading old gravel quarries were turned into lakes for recreation and science parks which provided new jobs.
- The environment can be improved by cleaning up pollution from closed industries. For example, polluted waterways around Reading were cleaned up.
- Rural unemployment may fall if suitable alternative employment is provided in new industries replacing old ones. For example, around 7,000 jobs were created at Green Park in Reading.
Costs include:
- High unemployment can result if few new jobs
Sectors of Industry
The document discusses trends in different sectors of industry in the UK. It describes how primary industries involving raw material extraction are declining due to depletion of resources and higher production costs compared to other countries. Secondary industries involving manufacturing are also decreasing because of mechanization, loss of international markets, and less primary products to process. Tertiary industries involving services are growing with more employment in sectors like healthcare. Quaternary industries involving innovation, research, and design are expanding to meet demands for new hi-tech products.
Similar to Economic Secondary Industries Wales And Multinationals (20)
Opportunities for British Companies in Australia's Mining Industry July 2013
Opportunities for British Companies in Australia's Mining Industry July 2013
AMEC presentation - Lithium Valley - Establishing the case
AMEC presentation - Lithium Valley - Establishing the case
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L2 2015 location of bio and hotspots
Biodiversity hotspots are areas with high levels of endemic species that are under threat. They cover only 1.4% of the Earth's land but contain over 40% of plant species and 35% of animal species. Most hotspots are located in the tropics where optimal conditions exist for growth and diversity. While hotspots have helped protect threatened biodiversity, they leave many ecosystems uncovered and do not address threats facing areas outside their criteria.
L1 ap 2014 defining bio
The document provides information about Edexcel Geography Unit 3: Contested Planet. It discusses the six topics covered in the unit, including how they are linked and the suggested order to teach them. It also provides details about the exam structure, including the format and content of sections A and B. Additionally, it defines key terms related to biodiversity such as ecosystems, biomes, genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. Finally, it discusses the importance of biodiversity and highlights biodiversity hotspots as areas of very high biodiversity values.
L3 k learn spaces 2014 value of ecosystems
This document discusses how to value ecosystems by examining the economic, cultural, and environmental value they provide. It provides examples of ecosystem services - the benefits ecosystems provide to people - which are broken into supporting, regulating, cultural, and provisioning services. These services have a large impact on human well-being. The document then analyzes two case studies: the Daintree Rainforest in Australia and coral reefs. For the Daintree, it highlights the ecosystem services of carbon sequestration, providing medicine, tourism, cultural value for indigenous people, and its history of logging. For coral reefs, it prompts examining their value through videos and a textbook section.
L6 ap 2014 dangers of mountain env
Mountain environments pose several dangers including cold temperatures, steep terrain, avalanches, and severe weather. Despite these risks, many people are drawn to mountains for recreation like skiing and tourism which provides economic benefits but also puts more lives at risk. When visiting mountains, it is important to be aware of potential hazards from the environment and weather and take proper precautions for protection and survival.
L4 avalanches ap
An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a steep mountain slope. Avalanches are typically triggered by heavy snowfall, strong winds, or human activity such as skiing or climbing. When triggered, an avalanche can move at speeds up to 200 km/h, destroying everything in its path. Avalanches pose serious dangers to those caught in their path who may be killed or injured by the force of the moving snow.
L1. introduction to mountain environments ap
This document provides information about mountain environments and includes several learning activities. It begins with an introduction to the key characteristics of mountain environments and includes a virtual field trip. Students are then assigned a mini research project on a particular mountain. The rest of the document outlines several challenge activities for students to complete, including identifying mountain ranges on a map, learning fun facts about mountains, watching a video to describe feelings, and reading an extract about being stranded on a mountain. The overall purpose is to broaden students' knowledge of mountain environments through various learning exercises.
Glacier and corrie formation ap
Glaciers form through the accumulation of snow in mountainous areas. When snow falls during winter and does not melt during cold spring and summer months, it compacts into dense ice over many years under its own weight. Additional layers of snow become compressed into ice, which causes the air to be squeezed out, turning the glacier a blue color. The large mass of ice then flows down the mountain under its own weight, eroding the landscape through two main processes - plucking and abrasion. Plucking involves rocks becoming frozen to the base of the glacier and breaking away as it moves. Abrasion occurs as rocks and debris carried on the glacier's bottom scrape along the valley floor, slowly excavating and shaping the land over
Mountain building
Fold mountains are formed over millions of years when two tectonic plates collide and push material upwards, creating mountain ranges. The largest fold mountains include the Himalayas, Alps, Andes, Rockies, and Urals. Fold mountains are formed through the upward and downward folding of crustal material. Once formed, mountains undergo weathering and erosion that slowly shape the landscape over time.
L2 growth of brighton ap
Brighton has a long history as a popular seaside resort town on the southern coast of England. It was first mentioned in the Doomsday Book in 1086 and saw growth as a fishing and port town in the 16th-17th centuries. In the 18th century, doctors began promoting the health benefits of sea bathing, attracting more visitors. Major growth occurred in the 19th century with the construction of the Brighton Pavilions by the Prince of Wales in 1787 and the arrival of the London to Brighton Railway in 1841, opening the town to day trippers. The development of tourism infrastructure like the two piers further increased visitor numbers. Today, tourism remains a vital part of Brighton's economy.
L4 multiculturism in brighton
Globalization has caused increased migration and a multicultural Britain. It refers to how people and companies are becoming more connected globally through improved transportation like airplanes and container ships. This has made it easier for people to move between countries for work or a better life. As a result, Britain has seen large numbers of migrants come from countries like India, Pakistan, Poland and Ireland, changing the cultural makeup of the country. This has resulted in both positive and negative effects of an increasingly multicultural society in Britain.
L3 rebranding 2014
This document discusses rebranding of places and provides examples. It defines rebranding as redeveloping and marketing a place to give it a new identity to attract new investors and visitors. Examples discussed include Miley Cyrus rebranding herself, and the recent rebranding of Kingston Market. Students are asked to consider why places like towns or seaside resorts may want to rebrand. The document also discusses the proposed rebranding of the West Pier area in Brighton and having students design a questionnaire to collect public opinions on the rebranding.
Food lesson 2 ap
- There are two main types of farming: arable farming, which involves growing crops, and pastoral farming, which involves rearing animals. Some farms practice mixed farming with both crops and livestock.
- Arable farming is more common in southeast England where the land is flat, fertile, and has a warm climate and good transportation. Pastoral farming is found more in southwest England where the climate is warm and wet, even if the land is hilly.
- Organic farming avoids artificial fertilizers and pesticides and uses crop rotation to maintain soil fertility.
Diversification
Farm diversification is when farmers grow multiple crops and agricultural products on their land rather than specializing in one main crop. Traditionally, farms focused on a single product like dairy or livestock but now many farms are diversifying their offerings in response to changing market prices. Diversification allows farms to continue making money by providing a variety of agricultural goods and experiences to attract visitors.
L3 food miles
Food miles refer to the distance food travels from field to plate. Longer food miles contribute significantly to carbon dioxide emissions that cause climate change. The document discusses how most fruit and vegetables in the UK are now imported, having doubled since the 1990s, and imports are predicted to continue rising. It identifies several causes for this increase in food imports and miles, including lower costs, consumer demand for out-of-season foods, some foods not being able to be grown in the UK, supermarket desires for higher profits, and improved transportation technology. Potential positive and negative impacts of increased food miles are also mentioned.
Year 9 rf revision 2015
To revise key topics in geography including physical landscapes, glaciation, population, development, and tourism. The document provides revision materials such as diagrams, videos, exercises, and practice questions to help students review these concepts in preparation for an assessment. Interactive activities include matching processes of glaciation to their order, identifying features in photographs, and playing geography taboo to review terms related to development. The goal is to strengthen students' understanding of these interrelated topics through multi-modal learning and self-testing activities.
L6 tsunami ap
This document provides information about tsunamis, including what causes them, how they occur, and details about the devastating 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. It aims to teach students about tsunamis through defining key terms, having students watch explanatory videos, modeling a hypothetical tsunami using play dough to demonstrate the wave's destructive power, and role playing a television news script about the 2004 event.
L7 hazard research ap
This document discusses natural hazards and provides information and assignments about them. It defines a natural hazard as an extreme weather event that occurs naturally. Some examples of natural hazards mentioned are tornados, flooding, avalanches, earthquakes, and hurricanes. Students are assigned a project to research a natural hazard of their choice, with success criteria including describing what causes it, its effects on people, how humans respond to it, where it is found, and including an example, maps, photos and diagrams in their project.
Revision presentation 2015pptx blog
This document provides a summary of content for a Year 8 geography exam revision. It includes the following key points:
- Global issues section covers causes and effects of global warming, resource extraction in Congo, food and water access as global issues.
- Europe section covers identity, migration push/pull factors, and a quiz on the content.
- Plate tectonics section explains how the earth's crust is divided and how plates move, with examples of constructive, destructive, and conservative plate boundaries. It also discusses tsunamis and a case study.
- Hazards section provides guidance on a research project about a natural hazard, its causes, effects, responses, locations, and an example.
L5 planning questions
The document discusses anagrams and their corresponding words, including "assess", "discuss", "causes", "evaluate", and "consequences". It then provides potential essay questions about the causes and patterns of food insecurity around the world, asking the reader to discuss whether food insecurity has one primary cause or results from various local and regional factors. A model methodology and framework are mentioned but not described.
L6 planning questions
This document provides guidance on answering questions about data stimuli effectively:
- It warns students to avoid mixing up causes and consequences in their answers.
- It advises brushing up interpretation skills like considering all parts of maps, graphs, data tables and diagrams instead of just one area.
- It explains what makes a good data stimulus answer - correctly interpreting the question, focusing on the specific task like impacts rather than just describing changes, and using evidence from the stimulus instead of just the stimulus.
- It also provides examples of grouping information in the stimulus to more easily see trends and patterns, as well as using examples to add depth instead than just the stimulus.
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Does teamwork really matter? Looking beyond the job posting to understand lab...
Does teamwork really matter? Looking beyond the job posting to understand lab...Labour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
Vicinity Jobs’ data includes more than three million 2023 OJPs and thousands of skills. Most skills appear in less than 0.02% of job postings, so most postings rely on a small subset of commonly used terms, like teamwork.
Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptx
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
一比一原版(GWU,GW毕业证)加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校毕业证如何办理
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1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdf
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
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Abhay Bhutada, the Managing Director of Poonawalla Fincorp Limited, is an accomplished leader with over 15 years of experience in commercial and retail lending. A Qualified Chartered Accountant, he has been pivotal in leveraging technology to enhance financial services. Starting his career at Bank of India, he later founded TAB Capital Limited and co-founded Poonawalla Finance Private Limited, emphasizing digital lending. Under his leadership, Poonawalla Fincorp achieved a 'AAA' credit rating, integrating acquisitions and emphasizing corporate governance. Actively involved in industry forums and CSR initiatives, Abhay has been recognized with awards like "Young Entrepreneur of India 2017" and "40 under 40 Most Influential Leader for 2020-21." Personally, he values mindfulness, enjoys gardening, yoga, and sees every day as an opportunity for growth and improvement.
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Well-crafted financial reports serve as vital tools for decision-making and transparency within an organization. By following the undermentioned tips, you can create standardized financial reports that effectively communicate your company's financial health and performance to stakeholders.
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The Rise of Generative AI in Finance: Reshaping the Industry with Synthetic Data
In this presentation, we will explore the rise of generative AI in finance and its potential to reshape the industry. We will discuss how generative AI can be used to develop new products, combat fraud, and revolutionize risk management. Finally, we will address some of the ethical considerations and challenges associated with this powerful technology.
falcon-invoice-discounting-a-strategic-approach-to-optimize-investments
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Pensions and housing - Pensions PlayPen - 4 June 2024 v3 (1).pdf
Wayhome's analysis of the UK market and how pension schemes can help solve the problems it presents younger people
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024)
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...
Delve into the world of STREETONOMICS, where a team of 7 enthusiasts embarks on a journey to understand unorganized markets. By engaging with a coffee street vendor and crafting questionnaires, this project uncovers valuable insights into consumer behavior and market dynamics in informal settings."
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你做代理，可以改变自己，改变他人，给他人和自己一个机会美景更增添一份性感夹杂着一份纯洁的妖娆毫无违和感实在给人带来一份悠然幸福的心情如果说现在的审美已经断然拒绝了无声的话那么在树林间飞掠而过的小鸟叽叽咋咋的叫声是否就是这最后的点睛之笔悠然走在林间的小路上宁静与清香一丝丝的盛夏气息吸入身体昔日生活里的繁忙与焦躁早已淡然无存心中满是悠然清淡的芳菲身体不由的轻松脚步也感到无比的轻快走出这盘栾交错的小道眼前是连绵不绝的山峦浩荡天地间大自然毫无吝啬的展现它的达
2. Elemental Economics - Mineral demand.pdf
After this second you should be able to: Explain the main determinants of demand for any mineral product, and their relative importance; recognise and explain how demand for any product is likely to change with economic activity; recognise and explain the roles of technology and relative prices in influencing demand; be able to explain the differences between the rates of growth of demand for different products.
Sources of Revenue for State Government - Prof Oyedokun.pptx
Sources of Revenue for State Government - Prof Oyedokun.pptxGodwin Emmanuel Oyedokun MBA MSc PhD FCA FCTI FCNA CFE FFAR
Lecture slide on Sources of Revenue for State GovernmentRecently uploaded (20)
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WhatsPump Thriving in the Whirlwind of Biden’s Crypto Roller Coaster
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1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdf
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The Rise of Generative AI in Finance: Reshaping the Industry with Synthetic Data
The Rise of Generative AI in Finance: Reshaping the Industry with Synthetic Data
Applying the Global Internal Audit Standards_AIS.pdf
Applying the Global Internal Audit Standards_AIS.pdf
falcon-invoice-discounting-a-strategic-approach-to-optimize-investments
falcon-invoice-discounting-a-strategic-approach-to-optimize-investments
Pensions and housing - Pensions PlayPen - 4 June 2024 v3 (1).pdf
Pensions and housing - Pensions PlayPen - 4 June 2024 v3 (1).pdf
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024)
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024)
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...
Sources of Revenue for State Government - Prof Oyedokun.pptx
Sources of Revenue for State Government - Prof Oyedokun.pptx
Economic Secondary Industries Wales And Multinationals
- 3. What factors are important when locating a factory / industry ? Labour Capital Markets Transport Government Policies Technology Leisure facilities Raw materials Power Flat land HUMAN AND ECONOMIC FACTORS PHYSICAL FACTORS
- 4. What Factors are Important when locating a Factory? Physical Factors Raw Materials: The bulkier and heavier these are to transport, the nearer the factory should be located to the raw materials. This was even more important when transport was poor. Power – energy: This is needed to work the machines in the factory. Early industry needed to be sited near to fast-flowing rivers or coal reserves, but today electricity can be transported long distances. Site and Land: Industries should be built on FLAT land with room to expand. The land is often low-quality as it is cheaper to purchase. Human and Economic Factors Labour: This includes both quantity (large numbers in nineteenth-century factories) and quality (as some areas demand special skills as technology develops). Capital: Early industry depended on wealthy entrepreneurs. Now banks and governments may provide the money. Markets: The size and location of markets have become more important than the source of raw materials. Transport: Costs increase when items moved are bulky, fragile, heavy or perishable. Industries want to save money. Economies of scale : Small units may become unprofitable and so merge with, or are taken over by, other firms.
- 8. HOW MANY MINERS ARE THERE IN WALES ?
- 9. CHANGING INDUSTRIES CASE STUDY : SOUTH WALES Port Talbot integrated Steelworks
- 10. BOC at Port Talbot Integrated Steelworks at Port Talbot Why do heavy industries locate at Port Talbot? 1) cheap, flat and plentiful reclaimed land 2) accessible – near the M4 and on the coast (port)
- 11. There is only one remaining steelworks in South Wales. This is located at Port Talbot (Llanwern steelworks closed in 2001 causing 1340 jobs to be lost). The Port Talbot steelworks is called an ‘integrated’ steelworks because all stages of manufacture take place on one site. The high quality coal and iron ore have now been exhausted in South Wales. Nowadays coal and iron ore are imported from abroad where high quality raw materials can be extracted more cheaply. It is therefore more efficient for the steelworks to be located on the coast. Traditional Industries on the coast - Integrated Steelworks Give reasons why raw materials can be extracted more cheaply from abroad.
- 14. Ebbw Vale – Festival Park Shopping The WDA (Welsh Development Agency), local authorities and the private sector spent £60 million on converting the area from a wasteland of spoil heaps into the Ebbw Vale Garden Festival. Festival Park Factory Shopping Village is now located on this site.
- 15. What has been done ? WDA (Welsh Development Agency) UK Government European Regional Development Fund The Valleys are a Development Area. This means that industries are encouraged to the area by offering them incentives such as grants, reduced business rates, planning permission and premises. Sources of Regional Assistance
- 16. Who gains from regional assistance ? Rhondda gains new jobs Fenner is closing its Hull and Peterborough factories to move its production to Maerdy. The company has been attracted to the Rhondda by £12 million in government grants. The factory is a godsend. Maerdy’s colliery closed in 1990 putting 400 out of work and male unemployment stands at 25%. The new factory will be built on this site. Eventually, the factory, which makes mouldings for the car industry, will employ 500 people. 1995 Why did Fenner move its production to Maerdy? Who loses and who benefits from Fenner’s decision?
- 17. Lucky Goldstar in Newport LG, a South Korean multinational company, decided to locate a semi conductor plant in Newport, South Wales in 1996.
- 18. Why do you think LG located in Newport? What type of support jobs may be generated? South Wales celebrates with Korean multinational investment Lucky Goldstar (LG) plans to build a new factory on a 250 acre site at Imperial Park in Newport. The factory, which eventually aims to employ 6,100, will produce semi conductors and television parts. It is likely that another 15,000 support jobs will be generated. LG were given a generous subsidy in order to attract their investment to South Wales. The WDA refuses to confirm rumours that the grant was as much as £200 million. This is equivalent to £20,000 per job. July 1996
- 19. Summary – selected industries in South Wales Lucky Goldstar Tourism in the Valleys – Big Pit at Blaenavon and Rhondda Heritage Park at Trehafod Ebbw Vale – Corus galvanizing steel and tin plating tertiary and quaternary Corus Integrated steel works Nickel and copper plating, DVLA HQ (Driving License) Business parks E.g. Sony and Hotpoint in Bridgend Industrial Park
- 21. Summary In the nineteenth century and first half of the twentieth century, the coal and iron and steel industries dominated the landscape of the _______ of South Wales. These industries prospered due to the accessibility of raw materials and due to the fact that Britain had an _______ which provided a ready market. These industries declined in the latter half of the twentieth century because Britain lost its Empire, the raw materials became exhausted and there was competition from abroad. In addition, coal is no longer the major source of _______ in Britain. Coal is an example of a _______ industry. Iron and steel is an example of a _______ industry. The raw materials that make iron are iron ore, _______ and _______. Steel production increased because it is stronger and less _______ than iron. primary tertiary secondary fuel malleable Empire coal limestone coast Valleys steel brittle