Safety is an important value that should be established within families and cultures. There are four types of decisions related to safety - command decisions, delegated decisions, avoided decisions, and "no-brainer" decisions. Examples of safety choices include choosing to wear a helmet while riding a motorcycle and avoiding dangerous situations. Compliance with safety procedures and rules is important to prevent hazards and accidents. Traditional safety programs include training, meetings, audits, and initiatives to improve safety compliance.

1. TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
ECE 200 / ECE LAWS, CONTRACTS, ETHICS, STANDARD AND
SAFETY
MARK GLENN M. SIAPCO

3. A value is a statement or set of rules that prescribe the form
of personal interactions preferred by a culture (such as the set of
behaviors called “good manners”)
How we value safety?
Everyone must know how to value it.
We will bring it home to our family and we
can establish this value into our loved ones
“if safety is considered value it will always
be present”

4. In safety we also make decisions or a choice in any type of event in
making a rules, regulations standards and manual set of
instructions, etc. every decision making process produces a final
choice. A choice is an act or instance of choosing
Four Types of Decision
1. Command Decision - which can only be made by you, as the
“commander-in-chief”
2. Delegated Decisions - which may be made by anyone
3. Avoided Decisions - where the outcome could be so severe that the
choice should not be made. As the consequences cannot be recovered
from it if the wrong choice is made.
4. “No-Brainer” Decisions - where the choice is so obvious that only
one choice can reasonably be made.

5. A few examples of Safety Choice are:
 When you choose a helmet when you are riding a
motorcycle
 When you are passing by a construction site
 When you make sure that all the electricity in your
house is turned off as much as possible
 When you choose the food you eat, and a lot more.
 When you choose to volunteer yourself in any
dangerous situation like rescue operations etc.

6. Compliance is a conformity or accordance, either a state of being in
accordance with established guidelines, specifications or legislation or the
process of becoming so. If we follow the rules and instructions, we can
avoid the hazards, accident and everything that will set us from dangerous
places
Traditional Safety programs
Most companies have embraced the following programs and initiatives to
improve compliance with safety procedures:
1. Informal feedback on complying with safety procedures
2. Safety meetings and training
3. Safety awards
4. Safety audits
5. Written procedures
6. Special initiatives (posters, newsletters, off-the job safety programs etc)

7. After conducting periodic audits, managers and supervisors
complete STOP (Safety Training Observation Program) cards to
document any unsafe acts they have observed though not
documenting the names of the observed employees.
However as soon as convenient, they approach an employee who
performed an unsafe act and ask the following questions:
1. “What could happen”- question that prompts the
employee to identify which of the observed actions
created the risk of an accident.
2. “How could the employee do the job safely?”-
question that prompts the employee to identify how
to do just that.

8. Value-Based Behavioral Safety Process
Agencies responsible for safety as related to health
1. FDA (Food and Drug Administration)
2. DOH (Department of Health)
3. BFAD (Bureau of Food and Drugs)

9. • HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points) –is a
management system in which food safety is addressed
through the analysis and control of biological, chemical and
physical hazards from raw materials production,
procurement and handling, to manufacturing, distribution
and consumption of the finished product.
• GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) –is a production and
testing practice that helps to ensure a quality product. Many
countries have legislated that pharmaceutical and medical
device companies must follow GMP procedures, and have
created their own GMP guidelines that correspond with their
legislation.
• CCP (critical control points) –a point, step or procedure at
which controls can be applied and food safety hazard can be
prevented, eliminated or reduced to acceptable critical levels.

10. 1. SOP (Standard Operating Procedures)
2. SSOP (Sanitary Standard Operating Procedures)
3. Good Housekeeping is one of the surest ways to identify a safe
workplace.

11. 5S -5s is the name of a workplace organization method that uses a list of five
Japanese words: seiri, seiton, seiso, seiketsu, shitsuke.
1. Sorting (seiri)
2. Stabilizing or Straightening out (Seiton)
3. Sweeping or Shining (Seiso)
4. Standardizing (Seiketsu)
5. Sustaining the Practice (Shitsuke)

12. Healthy habits include Good Grooming
If you want to minimize your risk of infection and also enhance your overall
health, follow these basic personal hygiene habits.
1. Bathe regularly
2. Trim your nails
3. Brush and floss
4. Wash your hands
5. Sleep tight

13. What does off-the-job mean?
Not on the job.
Includes:
1. People employed but not at work Not on the job.
Excludes:
1. Children
2. Persons keeping home
3. Retired
4. Unemployed
5. Other persons not in the labor force

14. Off-the-job includes the part of Motor-Vehicle, Home and community
involving workers away from work.
Non-work includes all of Motor-vehicle and Home and Community

15. INJURY – an injury is damage to a person’s body in a physical sense
such as graze, bruise, sprain, strain, broken bones, etc.
The damage to the body may be as a result of contact between a person
and:
1. Extreme heat or cold (boiling water or
freezing cold snow)
2. An object or thing (car, knife, furniture)
3. An animal (dog snake or another person)
4. Energy from electricity
5. Chemicals (such as chlorine, bleach,
cement powder etc)
6. A lack of air or warmth to keep the body
functioning

16. An injury can cause death (fatal) or be non fatal and cause injury on a scale
of
1. Mild
2. Moderate
3. Very serious (that results in long term health problems. Disfigurement
and/or partial or total permanent disability.

17. The Intent of Injury
Injury to a person’s body can be caused on
purpose or not on purpose. This intent of an injury is
categorized in the following ways:
1. Unintentional Injury – is not caused on purpose
and that there is no intent to harm. This has also been
known as an accident. However, the word “accident”
implies a random event, but most injuries can be
predicted and are not considered accidents.
2. Self-Inflicted Injury – is to deliberately inflict harm
or death upon oneself. This is also known as self-
harm or suicide.
3. Assault Injury – is the use of physical force with
the intent to inflict harm or death upon another. This is
also known as violence.